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Category:flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.85800 to 0.86200 @ 25.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.139 to 7.173
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| Refractive Index: | 1.45000 to 1.45400 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | -9.00 to -7.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 106.00 to 107.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Congealing Point: | -13.00 °C.
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| Vapor Pressure: | 28.325001 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 3.0 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 61.00 °F. TCC ( 16.11 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 0.840 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 1000000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: animal |
| sweet floral animal |
| Odor Description:at 1.00 % in propylene glycol. heavy sweet floral animal |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | T - Toxic. |
R 11 - Highly flammable. R 23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 34 - Causes burns. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 27 - Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 400 mg/kg Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 18(2), Pg. 29, 1974.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 50 mg/kg Journal of Environmental Pathology and Toxicology. Vol. 4(2-3), Pg. 345, 1980.
oral-mouse LD50 30 mg/kg Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 15, Pg. 116, 1979.
oral-rabbit LD50 145 mg/kg "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 100, 1982.
intravenous-rabbit LDLo 160 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Japanese Journal of Medical Sciences, Part 4: Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 128, 1933.
unreported-frog LDLo 1750 mg/kg PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA "Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif," Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948Vol. -, Pg. 595, 1948.
oral-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 22400 ug/kg Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 14, Pg. 90, 1975.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-rabbit LD50 276 mg/kg American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 23, Pg. 95, 1962.
subcutaneous-rabbit LD50 300 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Japanese Journal of Medical Sciences, Part 4: Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 128, 1933.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-mammal (species unspecified) LC50 6500 mg/m3 Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 14, Pg. 90, 1975.
inhalation-mouse LC50 6000 mg/m3/2H Toksikologiya Novykh Promyshlennykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv. Toxicology of New Industrial Chemical Substances. For English translation, see TNICS*. Vol. 15, Pg. 116, 1979.
inhalation-rat TCLo 4000 ppm/4H American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 23, Pg. 95, 1962.
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavor and fragrance agents |
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search |
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice |
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| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 88.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 96.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 0.05000 | 5.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 3.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 0.05000 |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 5.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 0.05000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | 0.05000 |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| For Odor |
| amber |
ambrette seed absolute FL/FR |
angelica seed oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
| animal |
para- cresyl isobutyrate FL/FR |
indolall FR |
indole FL/FR |
indoletal FR |
6- methyl quinoline FL/FR |
| anisic |
bitter fennel seed oil spain FR |
| balsamic |
amyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
amyris wood oil FL/FR |
copaiba balsam oil FL/FR |
hemlock western oil (tsuga heterophylla) canada FR |
tolu balsam oil FL/FR |
| cereal |
bran absolute FR |
| citrus |
(E)-2- tetradecenal FL/FR |
| earthy |
2- ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
| floral |
alpha- bisabolol FL/FR |
boronia butenal FR |
delta- damascone FL/FR |
tobacco flower absolute FR |
| fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate FL/FR |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
beta- damascone FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate FL/FR |
| fungal |
methyl 2-furoate FL/FR |
| green |
2-iso butyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
2-sec- butyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
cortex pyridine FL/FR |
galbanum decatriene FL/FR |
galbanum oleoresin FL/FR |
galbanum resinoid FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- nonadien-1-ol FL/FR |
| hay |
beeswax absolute FL/FR |
hay absolute FR |
tobacco leaf absolute FL/FR |
woodruff absolute FR |
| herbal |
canarium luzonicum gum FL/FR |
canarium luzonicum oil FL/FR |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil FL/FR |
methyl nicotinate FL/FR |
saffron indenone FL/FR |
safranal FL/FR |
theaspirane FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute FL/FR |
| honey |
phenyl acetic acid FL/FR |
| mentholic |
cornmint oil terpeneless FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- menthol FL/FR |
laevo- menthol FL/FR |
peppermint cyclohexanone FL/FR |
dextro- piperitone FL/FR |
iso pulegyl acetate FL/FR |
| minty |
(-)- menthone FL/FR |
pennyroyal oil FL/FR |
peppermint oil idaho FL/FR |
peppermint oil terpeneless FL/FR |
iso pulegone FL/FR |
(R)-(+)- pulegone FR |
| musty |
ketoiso phorone FL/FR |
| nutty |
shoyu pyrazine FL/FR |
| phenolic |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone FL/FR |
| popcorn |
2- acetyl pyridine FL/FR |
| spicy |
agarospirol FR |
atractylis root oil FR |
4- carvomenthenol FL/FR |
croton eluteria bark oil FL/FR |
cumin seed oil FL/FR |
N,N- diethyl octanamide FR |
ethyl vinyl ketone FL/FR |
grains of paradise oil FL/FR |
myrcene FR |
black pepper absolute FL/FR |
pepper hexanone FR |
black pepper oil FL/FR |
black pepper oleoresin FL/FR |
pepper tree berry oil FL/FR |
(E,E)- piperine FL/FR |
zvoulimba leaf oil FR |
| terpenic |
angelica seed oil FL/FR |
elemi resinoid FL/FR |
juniperus communis fruit oil FL/FR |
laevo- limonene FL/FR |
alpha- phellandrene FL/FR |
| tobacco |
para- cresyl isovalerate FL/FR |
3- ethyl pyridine FL/FR |
methyl benzoxole FL/FR |
tobacco concrete FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone FL/FR |
veltonal (Bedoukian) FR |
| tonka |
deertongue absolute FR |
gamma- hexalactone FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
saffron resinoid FL/FR |
tonka undecanone FR |
| tropical |
genet absolute FL/FR |
| vanilla |
propenyl guaethol FL/FR |
| woody |
amber decatriene FR |
alpha- cedrene epoxide FR |
alpha- guaiene FL/FR |
iso longifolene ketone FR |
methyl vetivate FR |
sugi wood oil FR |
tobacarol (IFF) FR |
tobacco nonene FR |
woody dioxolane FR |
woody ether FR |
| For Flavor |
| No flavor group found for these |
amyl phenyl acetate FL/FR |
alpha- bisabolol FL/FR |
capsicum oleoresin FL |
cyclohexanone diethyl acetal FL/FR |
2- ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
fig leaf absolute FL |
grains of paradise oil FL/FR |
green pea pyrazine FL |
alpha- guaiene FL/FR |
2- methoxy-3-propyl pyrazine FL |
methyl nicotinate FL/FR |
2- propyl pyridine FL |
iso pulegone FL/FR |
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beta- damascone FL/FR |
| amber |
| amber |
angelica seed oil FL/FR |
| animal |
indole FL/FR |
6- methyl quinoline FL/FR |
| aromatic |
para- cresyl isobutyrate FL/FR |
| balsamic |
copaiba balsam oil FL/FR |
tolu balsam oil FL/FR |
| brown |
beeswax absolute FL/FR |
| caramellic |
3- ethyl pyridine FL/FR |
methyl 2-furoate FL/FR |
| citrus |
ketoiso phorone FL/FR |
| cooling |
4- carvomenthenol FL/FR |
laevo- menthol FL/FR |
dextro,laevo- menthol FL/FR |
theaspirane FL/FR |
| corn |
2- acetyl pyridine FL/FR |
| creamy |
gamma- hexalactone FL/FR |
mint lactone FL/FR |
| floral |
phenyl acetic acid FL/FR |
| fruity |
alpha- amyl cinnamyl isovalerate FL/FR |
(E)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
(Z)-beta- damascone FL/FR |
ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate FL/FR |
| grassy |
tobacco leaf absolute FL/FR |
| green |
2-iso butyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
canarium luzonicum gum FL/FR |
canarium luzonicum oil FL/FR |
cortex pyridine FL/FR |
elemi resinoid FL/FR |
galbanum decatriene FL/FR |
galbanum oleoresin FL/FR |
galbanum resinoid FL/FR |
(E,Z)-3,6- nonadien-1-ol FL/FR |
| hay |
genet absolute FL/FR |
| herbal |
angelica seed oil CO2 extract FL/FR |
matricaria chamomilla flower oil FL/FR |
saffron indenone FL/FR |
yerba mate absolute FL/FR |
| mentholic |
cornmint oil terpeneless FL/FR |
peppermint cyclohexanone FL/FR |
| minty |
(-)- menthone FL/FR |
pennyroyal oil FL/FR |
peppermint oil idaho FL/FR |
peppermint oil terpeneless FL/FR |
dextro- piperitone FL/FR |
| musty |
shoyu pyrazine FL/FR |
| naphthyl |
2'- hydroxyacetophenone FL/FR |
| nutty |
methyl benzoxole FL/FR |
(E,E/E,Z)- tobacco cyclohexenone FL/FR |
| phenolic |
para- cresyl isovalerate FL/FR |
| spicy |
croton eluteria bark oil FL/FR |
cubeb oleoresin FL |
cumin seed oil FL/FR |
ethyl vinyl ketone FL/FR |
paprika oleoresin FL |
black pepper absolute FL/FR |
black pepper oil FL/FR |
black pepper oleoresin FL/FR |
white pepper oleoresin FL |
pepper tree berry oil FL/FR |
(E,E)- piperine FL/FR |
| sweet |
saffron resinoid FL/FR |
| terpenic |
juniperus communis fruit oil FL/FR |
laevo- limonene FL/FR |
alpha- phellandrene FL/FR |
| vanilla |
propenyl guaethol FL/FR |
| vegetable |
2-sec- butyl-3-methoxypyrazine FL/FR |
| waxy |
(E)-2- tetradecenal FL/FR |
| woody |
ambrette seed absolute FL/FR |
amyris wood oil FL/FR |
delta- damascone FL/FR |
iso pulegyl acetate FL/FR |
safranal FL/FR |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| aza | cyclohexane | | | cyclopentimine | | | drewamine | | | hexahydropyridine | | | hexazane | | per | hydropyridine | | | pentamethyleneimine | | | pentamethylenimine | | | piperidin | | | pyridine, hexahydro- |
Articles:
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Present in black pepper (Piper nigrum). Flavouring agent
Piperidine (Azinane after the Hantzsch?Widman nomenclature) is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)5NH. This heterocyclic amine consists of a six-membered ring containing five methylene units and one nitrogen atom. It is a colorless fuming liquid with an odor described as ammoniacal, pepper-like; the name comes from the genus name Piper, which is the Latin word for pepper. Piperidine is a widely used building block and chemical reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals.; Piperidine is a widely used secondary amine. It is widely used to convert ketones to enamines. Enamines derived from piperidine can be used in the Stork enamine alkylation reaction.; Piperidine is used as a solvent and as a base. The same is true for certain derivatives: N-formylpiperidine is a polar aprotic solvent with better hydrocarbon solubility than other amide solvents, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine is highly sterically hindered base, useful because of its low nucleophilicity and high solubility in organic solvents.
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