phthalide
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IUPAC name :3H-2-benzofuran-1-one
InChI :InChI=1/C8H6O2/c9-8-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-10-8/h1-4H,5H2
InChIKey :WNZQDUSMALZDQF-UHFFFAOYAW
SMILES :C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1
cas number :87-41-2
(EINECS) number :201-744-0
beilstein number :0114632
fema number :4195
fl. number :10.056
molar refractivity :35.55 ± 0.3 cm3
parachor :277.9 ± 4.0 cm3
index of refraction :1.585 ± 0.02
surface tension :47.1 ± 3.0 dyne/cm
density :1.264 ± 0.06 g/cm3
polarizability :14.09 ± 0.5 10-24cm3
XlogP : 1.60
molecular weight : 134.1320400 (IUPAC)
formula :C8 H6 O2
BioActivity Analysis :68273
NMR Predictor :Predict
 
 
export tariff code :2932.29.4500
fda reg :unspecified

Suppliers :
Nanjing :Phthalide
Penta :phthalide
Sigma-Aldrich-SAFC :Phthalide
98%
TCI AMERICA :Phthalide
>98.0%(T)

organoleptics :
odor type :tonka
odor strength :low
odor description :¹
at 100.00 %.  
sweet tonka coumarin powdery coconut phenolic lactonic
odor sample from :Sigma-Aldrich Inc.
taste description² :at 100.00 ppm in water.  
sweet coumarin coconut creamy anisic green vegetable floral
substantivity :28 hour(s) at 1.00 % in propylene glycol

properties :
appearence :white powder
assay : 98.00 to 100.00 %   
Food Chemicals Codex Listed :No
melting point : 75.00 to 76.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
boiling point : 290.00 to 291.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
boiling point : 144.00 to 145.00 °C. @ 10.00 mm Hg
vapor pressure :0.00200 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C.
flash point :> 300.00  °F.  TCC  ( > 148.89 °C. )
logP (o/w) : 0.99

safety :
most important hazard(s) :Xi - Irritant
  R 36 - Irritating to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
Oral Toxicity(LD50) :
  Oral-Rat    5500.00  mg/kg
(Moreno, 1979e)

Dermal Toxicity(LD50) :
  Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity(LC50) :
  Not determined
 

safety in use :
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU) :0.80 (μg/capita/day)
modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI) :3900 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of concern :90 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class :III
 
recommendation for phthalide usage levels up to :
  1.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA on the "LIBRARY" link.
publication number : 22
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods : 5.0000025.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic) : --
beverages(alcoholic) : --
breakfast cereal : 2.0000010.00000
cheese : 3.0000015.00000
chewing gum : --
condiments / relishes : 2.0000010.00000
confectionery froastings : 4.0000020.00000
egg products : --
fats / oils : 2.0000010.00000
fish products : 1.000005.00000
frozen dairy : 3.0000015.00000
fruit ices : 3.0000015.00000
gelatins / puddings : --
granulated sugar : --
gravies : --
hard candy : --
imitation dairy : 3.0000015.00000
instant coffee / tea : --
jams / jellies : --
meat products : 1.000005.00000
milk products : 3.0000015.00000
nut products : --
other grains : --
poultry : --
processed fruits : 2.0000010.00000
processed vegetables : --
reconstituted vegetables : --
seasonings / flavors : 2.0000010.00000
snack foods : 5.0000025.00000
soft candy : --
soups : 2.0000010.00000
sugar substitutes : --
sweet sauces : 2.0000010.00000
 
 
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFFA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFFA, 2002i).
Note : mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
 average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0) : 7.0000035.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0) : 5.0000025.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0) : 10.0000050.00000
Processed fruit (04.1) : 7.0000035.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2) : --
Confectionery (05.0) : 10.0000050.00000
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0) : 5.0000025.00000
Bakery wares (07.0) : 10.0000050.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0) : 2.0000010.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0) : 2.0000010.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0) : --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0) : --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0) : 5.0000025.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0) : 10.0000050.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1) : 5.0000025.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2) : 10.0000050.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0) : 20.00000100.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0) : 5.0000025.00000

safety references :
European Food Safety Athority(efsa) :Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
EPI System :view
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System :Search
Cancer Citations :Search
Env. Mutagen Info. Center :Search
Canada Domestic Sub. List :Yes
EPA Chem. Sub. Inventory : Yes
 
WGK Germany :1
 
 
 
 3H-2-benzofuran-1-one
(EINECS) number :201-744-0
RTECS :TI3520000 for 87-41-2
chemidplus :000087412
EPA Substance Registry Services :87-41-2
dtp/nci :1469

references :
 3H-2-benzofuran-1-one
fl. number :10.056
NIST Chemistry WebBook :865525081
pubchem :149888

other :
reference : Luebke, William tgsc, (2006)¹
reference : Luebke, William tgsc, (2006)²
VCF-Online: VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
synonyms :
3H-2-benzofuran-1-one
 benzofuran-2(5H)-one
1-isobenzofuranone
1(3H)-isobenzofuranone
1-phthalanone
 phthalolactone

soluble in :
 alcohol
 propylene glycol @ 1%
 water, 18400 mg/L @ 25C

insoluble in :
 water

(odor and/or flavor) blends with :
 coconut decanone
 coconut naphthalenone
 dehydromenthofurolactone
delta-2-dodecenolactone
7-methyl coumarin

(odor and/or flavor) used in :
 amber
 chypre
 coconut
 moss
 tonka
 woody

natural occurrence in :
tomato
wine - up to 0.07 mg/kg



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