Labdanum Concrete is produced by hydrocarbon solvent extraction of the leaves and twigs of Cistus Ladaniferus and other species of Cistus. The extraction of the dried plant material is usually carried out after the inflorescence, but may take place earlier. France, Italy, Cyprus, Greece, Corsica, Yugoslavia and Morocco all produce this concrete, but France is the largest producer by far. Very little, if any, labdanum concrete is produced in Spain, the main supplier of crude labdanum gum.