|
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 85.00 to 100.00 % sum of isomers
|
| Additional Assay Information: | min 95% sum of isomers |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.92700 to 0.93500 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.714 to 7.780
|
| Specific Gravity: | 0.92800 to 0.93600 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - est.: | 7.731 to 7.798
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.49900 to 1.50400 @ 20.00 °C.
|
| Boiling Point: | 131.00 °C. @ 13.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 237.00 to 238.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.014000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 7 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 3.995 |
| Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | dipropylene glycol | | | fixed oils | | | paraffin oil | | | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | glycerin |
| Stability: |
| | acid cleaner | | | alcoholic lotion | | | antiperspirant | | | deo stick | | | detergent perborate | | | fabric softener | | | hard surface cleaner | | | liquid detergent | | | non-discoloring in most media | | | shampoo | | | soap |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: | floral |
| Odor Strength: | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
Odor Description: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. | sweet woody floral violet orris tropical fruity |
| Substantivity: | 112 Hour(s) |
| | |
Cosmetic Information:
Safety Information:
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
| |
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
|
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | | |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 2277 mg/kg FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 44A, Pg. 46, 1967.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: | | |
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: | | |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | flavor and fragrance agents |
| IFRA Other Specification: | <= 2% Pseudoionone |
| IFRA: | View Standard |
| maximum skin levels for fine fragrances: | | | 1.0000 % and are based on the assumption that the fragrance mixture is used at 20% in a consumer product (IFRA Use Level Survey). (IFRA, 2002)
|
| Recommendation for alpha-ionone usage levels up to: | | | 15.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| use level in formulae for use in cosmetics: | | | 2.0100 %
|
| Dermal Systemic Exposure in Cosmetic Products: | | | 0.05 mg/kg/day (IFRA, 2002)
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 270.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 150.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 6.70000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 2.50000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | 39.00000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | 50.00000 |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 3.60000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 3.60000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 3.60000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 12.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) reference(s): |
| The FEMA GRAS assessment of alicyclic substances used as flavor ingredients.View pdf |
| European Food Safety Athority(efsa): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 213: alpha,beta-Unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.7 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
List of apha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones representative of FGE.19 substances for Genotoxicity Testing [1] - Statement of the Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 210: alpha,beta-Unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19[1] View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 210 Revision 2 (FGE.210Rev2): Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
Safety and efficacy of secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ketals and esters with ketals containing alicyclic alcohols or ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 210 Revision 3 (FGE.210Rev3): Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated alicyclic ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 2.4 of FGE.19 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Env. Mutagen Info. Center: | Search |
| NLM Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 127-41-3 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): | Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary : | 5282108 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | (E)-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one |
| Chemidplus: | 0000127413 |
| RTECS: | EN0525000 for cas# 127-41-3 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
| |
| For Odor |
| No odor group found for these |
| | atractylis absolute | FR |
| lowbush | blueberries | CS |
| red | currant juice concentrate | |
| pseudo | methyl ionone | CS |
| pseudo-iso | methyl ionone | CS |
| 4-(1- | propenyl) pyridine | |
| | raspberry distillates | FL/FR |
| (E)-beta- | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| acidic |
| 2- | methyl-2-pentenoic acid | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| 2,6- | dimethyl-2,18-nonadecadien-8-one | |
| | dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
| | nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
| 10- | undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic) | FL/FR |
| animal |
| | animal carbolactone | FR |
| | costus valerolactone | FR |
| para- | cresyl caprylate | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| iso | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| iso | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
| | benzyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | methyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | blackberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | blueberry infusions | FL/FR |
| sec- | butyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| black | currant infusions | FL/FR |
| | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| | raspberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone acetate | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| | rubus fruticosus fruit extract | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| citrus |
| | citrus woody floral fragrance | FR |
| | myrcenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| earthy |
| (Z)- | linalool oxide (furanoid) | FL/FR |
| ethereal |
| iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| floral |
| | acetal 318 | FR |
| alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | amyl cyclopentenone | CS |
| iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| para- | anisyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl formate | FL/FR |
| | blue lagoon fragrance | FR |
| | bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | cassie absolute | FL/FR |
| | cassie concrete | FR |
| | cassis specialty | FR |
| | citronellol | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl formate | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud concrete | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
| delta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| 9- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-alpha-ionone | FL/FR |
| | dihydrojasmone | FL/FR |
| | dihydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| 2',4'- | dimethyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl alpha-ionone | FR |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl cyclohexyl methyl acetate | FR |
| 4- | dimethyl ionone | FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| 4,6- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| | elder flower wood specialty | FR |
| | epoxylinalyl acetate | |
| | ethyl linalyl acetate | FR |
| | ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenyl ethyl acetal | FR |
| | floral pyranol | FR |
| | gardenia oxide | FR |
| | geraniol | FL/FR |
| | heliotropyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | hyacinth ether | FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionol | FL/FR |
| (E)-beta- | ionone | FL/FR |
| | ionone mixed isomers | FL/FR |
| alpha- | ionyl acetate | FR |
| beta- | ionyl acetate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | irone | FL/FR |
| | lavandula angustifolia flower oil | FL/FR |
| | lavender oil france | FL/FR |
| | lavender oil greece | FL/FR |
| | leerall | FR |
| | linalool | FL/FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| | melaleuca ericifolia leaf oil | FR |
| | methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| beta-iso | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| N- | methyl ionone | FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (50% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (60% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (70% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (80% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (90% min.) | FL/FR |
| 2- | methyl naphthalene | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl)-1,3-oxathiane | |
| | mimosa concrete france | FL/FR |
| | mimosa tenuiflora leaf extract | FL/FR |
| | muguet carboxaldehyde | FR |
| | muguet octadienol | FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| | nonanol | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| bitter | orangeflower concrete | FR |
| | orris butenone | FR |
| | orris pyridine 25% IPM | FR |
| | orris rhizome absolute (iris germanica) | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome absolute (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome absolute replacer | FR |
| | orris rhizome concrete butter (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| | peony alcohol | FR |
| | petitgrain cedrat oil | FL/FR |
| | petitgrain oil terpenes | FR |
| | phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinol | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | rose concrete (rosa centifolia) | FR |
| | styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| | styralyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | tetrahydroionol | FR |
| | tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| | tobacco flower absolute | FR |
| | vetiver pentanone | FR |
| | violet flower absolute | FL/FR |
| | violet methyl carbonate | FR |
| fruity |
| | allyl amyl glycolate | FR |
| | allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | artemisia pallens herb oil | FL/FR |
| | benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | blueberry essence | FL/FR |
| | boysenberry essence | FL/FR |
| | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 2-iso | butyl-5-methyl thiazole | |
| neo | caspirene | FL/FR |
| red | currant essence | FL/FR |
| black | currant essence | FL/FR |
| beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| 1,4- | diisopropyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo(3.2.1)octane | FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl isobutyrate | FR |
| | ethyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 2- | ethyl butyl 2-butenoate | |
| | ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
| | filbert hexenone | FL/FR |
| | geranyl methyl tiglate | |
| | green acetate | FR |
| | heptyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionone epoxide | FL/FR |
| | kiwi specialty | FR |
| | linalool oxide acetates | FL/FR |
| | lychee fragrance | FR |
| | maltyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | maltyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | methyl cyclohexyl acetate | FR |
| | octyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
| | passion fruit fragrance | FR |
| | perillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl propionate | FL/FR |
| black | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| | ribes nigrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | ribes rubrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | sambucus canadensis fruit absolute | FL/FR |
| | strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| | strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| | strawberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| green |
| | ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate | FL/FR |
| 2- | ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal | |
| | galbanum specialty | FR |
| iso | green methanoindene | FR |
| | heptanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl benzoate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl heptine carbonate | |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl methyl carbonate | FL/FR |
| | hexen-1-yl oxypropane nitrile | FR |
| (E)-2- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FR |
| | hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | leaf acetal | FL/FR |
| | melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
| para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| 1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
| | phenoxyethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propionaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| 2,2,4- | trimethyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
| | violet decenol | FR |
| | violet dienyne | FR |
| | violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
| | violet leaf concrete | FR |
| | violet nitrile | FR |
| hay |
| | beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | barosma betulina leaf oil | FL/FR |
| | calendula officinalis flower oil CO2 extract | FR |
| | carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| | daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | freesia heptanol | FL/FR |
| | immortelle flower oil | FL/FR |
| | marigold pot flower oil | FL/FR |
| (E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
| | viridiflorol | FL/FR |
| melon |
| | watermelon ketone | FR |
| mossy |
| | moss specialty | FR |
| | veramoss (IFF) | FR |
| musk |
| | amyris specialty | FR |
| | ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
| naphthyl |
| beta- | naphthyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| orris |
| | orris capronate | FL/FR |
| powdery |
| para- | anisyl acetate | FL/FR |
| para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl ionone | FR |
| alpha- | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (44-50%) | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (50-60%) | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (74-80%) | FL/FR |
| rummy |
| | rum extract | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | methyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
| | pimenta acris leaf oil | FL/FR |
| | safrole | CS |
| white | sassafras oil | FL/FR |
| | spicy carbonate | FR |
| | buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| | lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
| (S)-1- | methoxy-3-heptane thiol | FL/FR |
| | passiflora acetate | FL/FR |
| S- | tropical 2-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 4- | tropical oxathiane | FL/FR |
| terpenic |
| alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
| tonka |
| | tonka bean absolute | FR |
| tropical |
| cis- | galbanum oxathiane | FL/FR |
| | hexyl 2-methyl-3-pentenoate | FL/FR |
| 3- | nonen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| | passiflora edulis fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | passiflora edulis fruit water | FL/FR |
| | pina colada fragrance | FR |
| | triflaige A (ZEON) | FR |
| | tropical 3-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
| vanilla |
| | vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | allyl nonanoate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| | myristyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | anthocephalus cadamba oil | FR |
| | bois de rose leaf oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | cabreuva wood oil | FR |
| | chloranthus spicatus absolute | FR |
| | convolvulus scoparius wood oil | FR |
| 2- | decalinyl acetate | FR |
| | diethyl dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone | FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionol | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionone | FL/FR |
| 3',4'- | dimethoxyacetophenone | |
| 10-epi-gamma- | eudesmol | |
| | gurjun balsam oil | FR |
| | homalomena rubescens root oil | FR |
| | methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| 3- | methyl pentyl angelate | FR |
| | myrtenyl isobutyrate | |
| | patchouli ethanone | FR |
| | patchouli oil | FL/FR |
| | sandal octanol | FR |
| | santall | FR |
| | santalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | tobacarol (IFF) | FR |
| | violet propanol | FR |
| | woody acetate | FR |
| (Z)- | woody amylene | FR |
| | zdravetz absolute | FR |
| | zdravetz oil | FL/FR |
| yeasty |
| 2- | octen-4-one | FL/FR |
| |
| For Flavor |
| |
| No flavor group found for these |
| sec- | butyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| 2-iso | butyl-5-methyl thiazole | |
| alpha- | campholene acetate | FL |
| neo | caspirene | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionol | FL/FR |
| 2',4'- | dimethyl acetophenone | FL/FR |
| 2,6- | dimethyl-2,18-nonadecadien-8-one | |
| S-(2,5- | dimethyl-3-furyl) ethane thioate | FL |
| | epoxylinalyl acetate | |
| | ethyl 2-(methyl thio) acetate | FL |
| 2- | ethyl butyl 2-butenoate | |
| 2- | ethylidene-6-methyl-cis-3-heptenal | |
| 10-epi-gamma- | eudesmol | |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl heptine carbonate | |
| beta- | ionone epoxide | FL/FR |
| | ionone mixed isomers | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | linalool oxide (furanoid) | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide acetates | FL/FR |
| | marigold pot flower oil | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-(methyl thio) acetate | FL |
| beta-iso | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| (E)-beta- | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (44-50%) | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (50-60%) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (60% min.) | FL/FR |
| 4- | methyl-2-(2-methyl propyl)-1,3-oxathiane | |
| (E)-6- | methyl-3-hepten-2-one | FL/FR |
| | myristyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | myrtenyl isobutyrate | |
| 3- | nonen-4-olide | FL/FR |
| S- | prenyl thioisobutyrate | FL |
| S- | prenyl thioisovalerate | FL |
| white | sassafras oil | FL/FR |
| | sorbyl propionate | FL |
| | styralyl formate | FL/FR |
| | styralyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| 2,2,4- | trimethyl-1,3-oxathiane | |
| S- | tropical 2-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | viridiflorol | FL/FR |
| | zdravetz oil | FL/FR |
|
| | acai fruit juice concentrate | FL |
| | allyl thiohexanoate | FL |
| beta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| aldehydic |
| | nonanal (aldehyde C-9) | FL/FR |
| animal |
| para- | cresyl caprylate | FL/FR |
| anisic |
| para- | anisyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| balsamic |
| | benzyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| berry |
| | acai fruit concentrate | FL |
| | blackberry flavor | FL |
| | blackberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | blueberry enhancer | FL |
| | blueberry essence | FL/FR |
| | blueberry flavor | FL |
| | blueberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | blueberry juice concentrate | FL |
| | blueberry puree | FL |
| | blueberry puree concentrate | FL |
| | boysenberry flavor | FL |
| red | currant flavor | FL |
| black | currant flavor | FL |
| black | currant infusions | FL/FR |
| red | currant juice concentrate | |
| black | currant juice concentrate | FL |
| | dihydro-alpha-ionone | FL/FR |
| | gooseberry flavor | FL |
| | heliotropyl acetone | FL/FR |
| | huckleberry flavor | FL |
| | maltyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | maltyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (S)-1- | methoxy-3-heptane thiol | FL/FR |
| | mulberry flavor | FL |
| | perillyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | prunus spinosa extract | FL |
| | raspberry distillates | FL/FR |
| | raspberry enhancer | FL |
| | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry flavor | FL |
| | raspberry flavor | FL |
| black | raspberry flavor | FL |
| | raspberry flavor for chocolate | FL |
| | raspberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone acetate | FL/FR |
| | raspberry ketone methyl ether | FL/FR |
| | rubus fruticosus fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | rubus fruticosus fruit juice | FL |
| | rubus idaeus fruit extract | FL |
| brown |
| | beeswax absolute | FL/FR |
| caramellic |
| | maltol | FL/FR |
| | strawberry furanone acetate | FL/FR |
| cheesy |
| | methyl ketones | FL |
| citrus |
| | freesia heptanol | FL/FR |
| laevo- | linalool | FL/FR |
| | linalool | FL/FR |
| | myrcenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | nerol | FL/FR |
| | petitgrain cedrat oil | FL/FR |
| alpha- | terpineol | FL/FR |
| creamy |
| | triacetin | FL |
| gamma- | undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| cucumber |
| 2- | ethyl octine carbonate | FL |
| estery |
| | octyl propionate | FL/FR |
| fatty |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl benzoate | FL/FR |
| 10- | undecenal (aldehyde C-11 undecylenic) | FL/FR |
| floral |
| iso | amyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | bois de rose leaf oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | bois de rose oil brazil | FL/FR |
| | citronellol | FL/FR |
| | dihydrojasmone | FL/FR |
| | dihydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl benzyl carbinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| 2,4- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| 4,6- | dimethyl-alpha-allyl-3-cyclohexene methanol | |
| | geraniol | FL/FR |
| | heliotropyl acetate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionol | FL/FR |
| | methyl dihydrojasmonate | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (50% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (70% min.) | FL/FR |
| (E)-alpha- | methyl ionone (74-80%) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (80% min.) | FL/FR |
| alpha-iso | methyl ionone (90% min.) | FL/FR |
| | mimosa concrete france | FL/FR |
| | mimosa tenuiflora leaf extract | FL/FR |
| | ocean propanal | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome concrete butter (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome resinoid (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinol | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | rhodinyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | tetrahydrolinalool | FL/FR |
| | tropical ionone | FL/FR |
| | violet flower absolute | FL/FR |
| fruity |
| | acai flavor | FL |
| | acai fruit distillates | FL |
| | allyl cyclohexyl propionate | FL/FR |
| iso | amyl benzoate | FL/FR |
| para- | anisyl acetate | FL/FR |
| para- | anisyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | artemisia pallens herb oil | FL/FR |
| | benzyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl formate | FL/FR |
| | benzyl propionate | FL/FR |
| | boysenberry essence | FL/FR |
| | boysenberry puree | FL |
| | boysenberry puree concentrate | FL |
| | butyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| iso | butyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | citronellyl formate | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud concrete | FL/FR |
| black | currant essence | FL/FR |
| red | currant essence | FL/FR |
| alpha- | damascone | FL/FR |
| gamma- | decalactone | FL/FR |
| | dimethyl anthranilate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate | FL |
| | ethyl 2-methyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| | ethyl valerate | FL/FR |
| | filbert hexenone | FL/FR |
| | geranyl methyl tiglate | |
| | hexyl 2-methyl-3-pentenoate | FL/FR |
| | hexyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| | lingonberry flavor | FL |
| 3- | mercaptohexyl hexanoate | FL |
| alpha- | methyl ionone | FL/FR |
| | osmanthus flower absolute | FL/FR |
| | passion fruit distillates | FL |
| | pomegranate distillates | FL |
| iso | propyl formate | FL/FR |
| iso | propyl propionate | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry distillates | FL |
| red | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| black | raspberry essence | FL/FR |
| red | raspberry juice concentrate | FL |
| black | raspberry juice concentrate | FL |
| black | raspberry puree | FL |
| red | raspberry puree | FL |
| red | raspberry puree concentrate | FL |
| black | raspberry puree concentrate | FL |
| | ribes nigrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | ribes rubrum fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | rose butanoate | FL/FR |
| | sambucus canadensis fruit absolute | FL/FR |
| ripe | strawberry flavor | FL |
| | strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) | FL/FR |
| | strawberry glycidate 2 | FL/FR |
| | strawberry infusions | FL/FR |
| | styralyl acetate | FL/FR |
| 4- | tropical oxathiane | FL/FR |
| iso | valeraldehyde propylene glycol acetal | FL/FR |
| green |
| iso | amyl salicylate | FL/FR |
| | cinnamyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | cyclamen aldehyde | FL/FR |
| | cyclohexyl ethyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | ethyl (E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate | FL/FR |
| cis- | galbanum oxathiane | FL/FR |
| | heptanal dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| | heptyl butyrate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl isovalerate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl methyl carbonate | FL/FR |
| (Z)-3- | hexen-1-yl salicylate | FL/FR |
| (Z)- | leaf acetal | FL/FR |
| | linalool oxide | FL/FR |
| | melon nonenoate | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-undecynoate | FL |
| para- | methyl hydratropaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | nerolidol | FL/FR |
| 1- | penten-3-ol | FL/FR |
| | phenoxyethyl isobutyrate | FL/FR |
| | phenyl acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propionaldehyde | FL/FR |
| 4-(1- | propenyl) pyridine | |
| | violet leaf absolute | FL/FR |
| herbal |
| | barosma betulina leaf oil | FL/FR |
| | buchu oil fractions | FL |
| | carum carvi fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | clary sage oil france | FL/FR |
| | coriander seed oil | FL/FR |
| | daucus carota fruit oil | FL/FR |
| | immortelle flower oil | FL/FR |
| | lavandula angustifolia flower oil | FL/FR |
| | lavender oil france | FL/FR |
| | lavender oil greece | FL/FR |
| honey |
| | ethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| juicy |
| | lychee mercaptan acetate | FL/FR |
| musk |
| | ethylene brassylate | FL/FR |
| oily |
| 2- | methyl naphthalene | FL/FR |
| | tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate | FL |
| orris |
| | orris capronate | FL/FR |
| phenolic |
| | guaiacyl phenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| powdery |
| beta- | naphthyl ethyl ether | FL/FR |
| rummy |
| | rum extract | FL/FR |
| soapy |
| | ambrettolide | FL/FR |
| | dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric) | FL/FR |
| sour |
| 2- | methyl-2-pentenoic acid | FL/FR |
| spicy |
| | benzylidene acetone | FL |
| | cassie absolute | FL/FR |
| black | currant bud absolute | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenol | FL/FR |
| iso | eugenyl acetate | FL/FR |
| | methyl cinnamate | FL/FR |
| | methyl isoeugenol | FL/FR |
| 3- | phenyl propyl alcohol | FL/FR |
| | pimenta acris leaf oil | FL/FR |
| sulfurous |
| | buchu mercaptan | FL/FR |
| | methyl 2-(methyl thio) butyrate | FL |
| | methyl thiomethyl butyrate | FL |
| | tropical 3-thiobutyrate | FL/FR |
| sweet |
| | orris rhizome absolute (iris germanica) | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome absolute (iris pallida) | FL/FR |
| tropical |
| alpha- | amyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | anacardium occidentale fruit puree | FL |
| 3- | mercaptohexyl butyrate | FL |
| | passiflora acetate | FL/FR |
| | passiflora edulis fruit extract | FL/FR |
| | passiflora edulis fruit water | FL/FR |
| vanilla |
| | vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia) | FL/FR |
| vegetable |
| 2- | octen-4-one | FL/FR |
| waxy |
| | allyl nonanoate | FL/FR |
| 9- | decen-1-ol | FL/FR |
| | ethyl myristate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | hexyl cinnamaldehyde | FL/FR |
| | hydroxycitronellal | FL/FR |
| | nonanol | FL/FR |
| | phenethyl hexanoate | FL/FR |
| woody |
| | amyris wood oil | FL/FR |
| delta- | damascone | FL/FR |
| | dihydro-beta-ionone | FL/FR |
| 3',4'- | dimethoxyacetophenone | |
| (E)-beta- | ionone | FL/FR |
| beta- | ionyl acetate | FL/FR |
| alpha- | irone | FL/FR |
| | methyl cedryl ketone | FL/FR |
| | orris rhizome oil CO2 extract | FL/FR |
| | patchouli oil | FL/FR |
| | santalyl acetate | FL/FR |
| |
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | alphaline 70 | | 3- | buten-2-one, 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (3E)- | | (E)-alpha- | cyclocitrylidene acetone | | trans-alpha- | cyclocitrylidene acetone | | | ionanthem | | (±)-(E)-alpha- | ionone | | (±)-trans-alpha- | ionone | | (E)-a- | ionone | | (E)-alpha- | ionone | | a- | ionone | | nat.alpha- | ionone | | trans-alpha- | ionone | | alpha- | ionone (natural) | | alpha- | ionone 50% in ETOH natural | | alpha- | ionone 60 | | alpha- | ionone 70 | | alpha- | ionone 80 | | alpha- | ionone 90 | | alpha- | ionone 90%, (naturals) | | | ionone alpha | | | ionone alpha regular | | | ionone alpha white coeur | | alpha- | ionone BRI | | alpha- | ionone extra | | alpha- | ionone natural | | alpha- | ionone refined | | alpha- | ionone white coeur | | alpha- | ionone, natural | | alpha- | ionone, refined | | alpha- | ionone, regular | | | irisone alpha | | | irisone alpha extra white | | (E)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one | | (E)-(±)-4,2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl-3-buten-2-one | | trans-4,2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl-3-buten-2-one | | (3E)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | | (E)-(±)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | | (E)-(1)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | | (E)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | | (3E)-(±)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethyl-4-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one | | (3E)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-3-en-2-one | | (3E)-4-(2,6,6- | trimethylcyclohex-2-enyl)but-3-en-2-one |
Articles:
| PubMed: | Comparison of aroma active and sulfur volatiles in three fragrant rice cultivars using GC-olfactometry and GC-PFPD. |
| J-Stage: | Highly Selective and Asymmetric Reductive Biotransformation of a-Ionone by Epicoccum purpurascens |
| PubMed: | Formation of norisoprenoid flavor compounds in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots: characterization of a cyclic-specific carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 gene. |
| J-Stage: | Antifungal Compounds from the Root and Root Exudate of Zea mays |
| PubMed: | Selective oxidation reactions of natural compounds with hydrogen peroxide mediated by methyltrioxorhenium. |
| PubMed: | Evaluation of the volatile composition and sensory properties of five species of microalgae. |
| PubMed: | Functional characterisation of three members of the Vitis vinifera L. carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene family. |
| PubMed: | NIS-PPh3: a selective reagent for the spiroannulation of o-allyl phenols. Total synthesis of corallidictyal D. |
| PubMed: | Isolation of the four methyl jasmonate stereoisomers and their effects on selected chiral volatile compounds in red raspberries. |
| PubMed: | Highly selective and asymmetric reductive biotransformation of α-ionone by Epicoccum purpurascens. |
| PubMed: | Essential oils from the leaves of six medicinal plants of Nigeria. |
| PubMed: | [Influence of processing methods on the chemical composition of the essential oil from Aucklandia lappa]. |
| PubMed: | Essential oil composition of Ficus benjamina (Moraceae) and Irvingia barteri (Irvingiaceae). |
| PubMed: | A practical, enantiospecific synthesis of (S)-trans-gamma-monocyclofarnesol. |
| PubMed: | Profiling and characterization of volatile components from non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated Flos Lonicerae Japonicae using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with chemical group separation. |
| PubMed: | Antitrypanosomal compounds from the essential oil and extracts of Keetia leucantha leaves with inhibitor activity on Trypanosoma brucei glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. |
| PubMed: | Quantification by solid phase micro extraction and stable isotope dilution assay of norisoprenoid compounds in red wines obtained from Piedmont rare varieties. |
| PubMed: | Environmental and seasonal influences on red raspberry flavour volatiles and identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes. |
| PubMed: | Free energy calculations give insight into the stereoselective hydroxylation of α-ionones by engineered cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants. |
| PubMed: | A Practical Chemo-enzymatic Approach to Highly Enantio-Enriched 10-Ethyl-7,8-dihydro-γ-ionone Isomers: A Method for the Synthesis of 4,5-Didehydro-α-Ionone. |
| PubMed: | Biosynthesis of α- and β-ionone, prominent scent compounds, in flowers of Osmanthus fragrans. |
| PubMed: | CYP264B1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56: a fascinating norisoprenoid and sesquiterpene hydroxylase. |
| PubMed: | Impact of cover crops in vineyard on the aroma compounds of Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon wine. |
| PubMed: | Structural Analysis of CYP101C1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444. |
| PubMed: | Enzymatic formation of apo-carotenoids from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin by ferret carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase. |
| PubMed: | Allelopathic control of cyanobacterial blooms by periphyton biofilms. |
| PubMed: | Composition of sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) honey solvent extractives determined by GC/MS: norisoprenoids and other volatile organic compounds. |
| PubMed: | Regioselective hydroxylation of norisoprenoids by CYP109D1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. |
| PubMed: | Functional characterization of a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 and its relation to the carotenoid accumulation and volatile emission during the floral development of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. |
| PubMed: | A new sulfated alpha-ionone glycoside from Sonchus erzincanicus Matthews. |
| PubMed: | Characterization of the versatile monooxygenase CYP109B1 from Bacillus subtilis. |
| PubMed: | Expedient construction of the Ziegler intermediate useful for the synthesis of forskolin via consecutive rearrangements. |
| PubMed: | New attractants for males of the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons. |
| PubMed: | Enantioselective synthesis and olfactory evaluation of 13-alkyl-substituted alpha-ionones. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of sugar, acids, and volatile composition in raspberry bushy dwarf virus-resistant transgenic raspberries and the wild type 'meeker' (rubus idaeus L.). |
| PubMed: | Volatile composition in raspberry cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest determined by stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | New alpha-pyrrolidinonoids and glycosides from Euphorbia humifusa. |
| PubMed: | Chemotherapy of leishmaniasis part-VIII: synthesis and bioevaluation of novel chalcones. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of carotenoids and apocarotenoids during ripening of raspberry fruit. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance material review on alpha-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance material review on allyl alpha-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance material review on dihydro-alpha-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance material review on ionone. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance material review on methyl-alpha-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of 4'-(2,6,6-trimethyl -2-cyclohexen-1-yl) -3'-buten-2'-ketoxime-N-O-alkyl ethers. |
| PubMed: | Effect of fat level on the perception of five flavor chemicals in ice cream with or without fat mimetics by using a descriptive test. |
| PubMed: | Biosynthesis of monoterpenes and norisoprenoids in raspberry fruits (Rubus idaeus L.): the role of cytosolic mevalonate and plastidial methylerythritol phosphate pathway. |
| PubMed: | Flavor authentication studies of alpha-ionone, beta-ionone, and alpha-ionol from various sources. |
| PubMed: | Studies on the aroma of maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) using headspace solid-phase microextraction. |
| PubMed: | Effect of the minor ABA metabolite 7'-hydroxy-ABA on Arabidopsis ABA 8'-hydroxylase CYP707A3. |
| PubMed: | Broad activation of the glomerular layer enhances subsequent olfactory responses. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and identification of antialgal compounds from the leaves of Vallisneria spiralis L. by activity-guided fractionation. |
| PubMed: | Functional characterization of CmCCD1, a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase from melon. |
| PubMed: | Generation of aroma compounds from Ditaxis heterantha by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed: | Theory and use of the pseudophase model in gas-liquid chromatographic enantiomeric separations. |
| PubMed: | Efficient terpene hydroxylation catalysts based upon P450 enzymes derived from actinomycetes. |
| PubMed: | [Analysis and identification of Liriomyza sativae-attractants from cowpea and kidney bean volatiles]. |
| PubMed: | Carotenoid pigmentation affects the volatile composition of tomato and watermelon fruits, as revealed by comparative genetic analyses. |
| PubMed: | Comprehensive authentication of (E)-alpha(beta)-ionone from raspberries, using constant flow MDGC-C/P-IRMS and enantio-MDGC-MS. |
| PubMed: | Identification and aroma impact of norisoprenoids in orange juice. |
| PubMed: | A simple and efficient highly enantioselective synthesis of alpha-ionone and alpha-damascone. |
| PubMed: | Active ingredients in cade oil that synergize attractiveness of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae). |
| PubMed: | Enantioselective synthesis of alpha-ionone derivatives using an anti S(N)2' substitution of functionalized zinc organometallics. |
| PubMed: | Antifungal compounds from the root and root exudate of Zea mays. |
| PubMed: | Approaches to spirit aroma: contribution of some aromatic compounds to the primary aroma in samples of orujo spirits. |
| PubMed: | Isolation and characterization of miscellaneous secondary metabolites of Deprea subtriflora. |
| PubMed: | Investigation of binding behavior of alpha- and beta-ionones to beta-lactoglobulin at different pH values using a diffusion-based NOE pumping technique. |
| PubMed: | Enantiomer separation of flavour and fragrance compounds by liquid chromatography using novel urea-covalent bonded methylated beta-cyclodextrins on silica. |
| PubMed: | Induction of cytochrome P450 1A and 2B by alpha- and beta-ionone in Sprague Dawley rats. |
| PubMed: | A P450 BM-3 mutant hydroxylates alkanes, cycloalkanes, arenes and heteroarenes. |
| PubMed: | Enhancement of attraction of alpha-ionol to male Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) by addition of a synergist, cade oil. |
| PubMed: | Determination of apparent binding constants for aroma compounds with beta-lactoglobulin by dynamic coupled column liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Development of an attractant for the scarab pest Macrodactylus subspinosus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). |
| PubMed: | Frozen storage effects on anthocyanins and volatile compounds of raspberry fruit. |
| PubMed: | Enantiomer separation of alpha-ionone using gas chromatography with cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral stationary phases. |
| PubMed: | 2-fluoroabscisic acid analogues: their synthesis and biological activities. |
| PubMed: | Stereo- and regioselective hydroxylation of alpha-ionone by Streptomyces strains. |
| PubMed: | Effect of Carotenoids on Aflatoxin B(1) Synthesis by Aspergillus flavus. |
| PubMed: | Biotransformation of alpha- and beta-ionones by immobilized cells of Nicotiana tabacum. |
| PubMed: | Sensory evidence for olfactory receptors with opposite chiral selectivity. |
| PubMed: | Microbial Conversion of alpha-Ionone, alpha-Methylionone, and alpha-Isomethylionone. |
| PubMed: | Models of retinoid metabolism: microbial biotransformation of alpha-ionone and beta-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Incorporation of (14)CO 2 in photosynthetic pigments of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. |
| PubMed: | Chemistry of tobacco constituents. Oxidation of alpha-ionone and the acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 5-keto-alpha-ionone. |
| PubMed: | Comparison of the effects of vitamin A and its analogs upon rabbit ear cartilage in organ culture and upon growth of the vitamin A-deficient rat. |
| PubMed: | The biosynthesis of cyclic carotenes. |
| PubMed: | Geometrical isomers of retinene. |
|