spearmint oil america
 
Notes:
The story of the spearmint is quite an amusing one. The plant Mentha Spicata originated in Europe, was introduced into the U.S.A. and is now one of the most important essential oil bearing plants of the U.S.A. Spearmint Oil is produced by steam distillation of the flowering tops of the plants, which are partially dried prior to distillation. The distillation is carried out in the fields in stills. tsca definition 2008: extractives and their physically modified derivatives. mentha spicata, labiatae and occasionally mentha cardiaca, labiatae.
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Name: mentha spicata l. herb oil
CAS Number: 8008-79-5 
MDL: MFCD00148459
Also Contains: mentha spicata herb extract
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar: Search
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FEMA Number: 3032  spearmint oil native
FDA Mainterm: SPEARMINT, OIL (MENTHA SPICATA L.)
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart C--Coatings, Films and Related Substances
Sec. 172.230 Microcapsules for flavoring substances.


FDA PART 182 -- SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE
Subpart A--General Provisions
Sec. 182.20 Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).
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Physical Properties:
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 0.91700 to 0.93400 @  25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.630 to  7.772
Refractive Index: 1.47900 to 1.48900 @  20.00 °C.
Optical Rotation: -48.00 to -59.00
Boiling Point: 220.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 148.00 °F. TCC ( 64.44 °C. )
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 fixed oils
 paraffin oil
 propylene glycol
 water, 367.1 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
 glycerin
Stability:
 bath foam
 cream
 lotion
 non-discoloring in most media
 shampoo
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Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: minty
Odor Strength: medium ,
recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less
Odor Description:
at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. 
fresh spearmint carvone
Substantivity: 36 Hour(s)
  
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Cosmetic Information:
CosIng: cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: perfuming agents
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Safety Information:
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
  R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact.
R 65 - Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
S 62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
  oral-rat LD50  5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 16, Pg. 871, 1978.

Dermal Toxicity:
  Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
  Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
1-octen-3-yl acetate Max. Found: <0.20 % and Reason: Sensitization
(E)-2-hexen-1-al Max. Found: trace to <0.10 % and Reason: Sensitization
carvone Max. Found: <70.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
Recommendation for spearmint oil america usage levels up to:
  8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 26
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: 1055.000001320.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 110.00000140.00000
beverages(alcoholic): 120.00000155.00000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: 8000.0000024000.00000
condiments / relishes: 50.00000250.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: 50.00000130.00000
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: 90.0000095.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 5000.0000010000.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: 72.000001900.00000
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: 66670.0000066670.00000
snack foods: --
soft candy: 5000.0000010000.00000
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: 40.0000090.00000
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance plant oils/spearmint oil
View page or View pdf
Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of carvone, considering all sources of exposure
View page or View pdf
EPI System: View
NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank: Search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: Search
Env. Mutagen Info. Center: Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): 8008-79-5
EPA ACToR: Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS): Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Data
WISER: UN 2319
WGK Germany:2
 mentha spicata l. herb oil
Chemidplus: 0008008795
RTECS: WG7360000 for cas# 8008-79-5
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References:
 mentha spicata l. herb oil
Canada Domestic Sub. List: 8008-79-5
Pubchem (sid): 135335129
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Other Information:
FDA Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS): View
Export Tariff Code: 3301.25.5020
Wikipedia: View
FAO: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION
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Potential Blenders and core components note
 
For Odor
anise
anise
 anise seed oil colombiaFL/FR
sweet fennel seed oilFL/FR
anisic
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
 nonyl benzoate 
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
berry
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
camphoreous
 melaleuca viridiflora leaf oilFR
caramellic
 rosefuranFL/FR
citrus
 bergamot oilFL/FR
 limonene oxideFL/FR
 ocimene quintoxideFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
ethereal
 cyclohexyl formateFL/FR
floral
 benzyl acetateFL/FR
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
 cyclohexyl propanolFR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
2,4-dimethyl cyclohexyl methyl acetateFR
 floral pyranolFR
 gardenia oxideFR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranium oil chinaFL/FR
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
 hyacinth etherFR
 leerallFR
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 nerolFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
 phenyl propyl phenyl acetateFR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 violet methyl carbonateFR
fruity
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanoneFL/FR
 diethyl malonateFL/FR
1,8-dimethoxy-para-menthane 
 ethyl heptanoateFL/FR
 green acetateFR
 pineapple pentenoateFL/FR
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-7-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-8-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
green
2-tert-butyl pyrazineFL/FR
 carrot leaf oil (daucus carota ssp.maximus)FR
 chrysanthemum carbaldehydeFR
3-cyclohexyl propyl butyrate 
1,5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
(Z)-3-hexen-1-olFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
dextro-limonene oxideFL/FR
 manzanate (Givaudan)FL/FR
3-methylthio-4-heptanone 
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-8-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)oct-5-ene 
3,5,5-trimethyl hexanolFL/FR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 barosma betulina leaf oilFL/FR
 cajuput oil replacerFR
 carrot seed oil (daucus carota ssp. gummifer hook. fil.) spainFR
 carum carvi fruit oilFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dehydroxylinalool oxideFL/FR
 dill seed oil CO2 extract indianFL/FR
 dill seed oil indianFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
6-hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers)FL/FR
 hyssop oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 melaleuca leucadendron cajaputi oilFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
licorice
(E)-anetholFL/FR
mentholic
laevo-mentholFL/FR
laevo-menthyl acetateFL/FR
 menthyl acetate racemicFL/FR
 peppermint cyclohexanoneFL/FR
minty
 agathosma crenulata leaf oilFL/FR
 betula lenta bark oil americaFL/FR
laevo-carveolFL/FR
(4R,6R)-carveolFL/FR
laevo-carvoneFL/FR
cis-carvone-5,6-oxideFL/FR
 carvyl acetateFL/FR
 dihydrocarveolFL/FR
 ethyl salicylateFL/FR
 mentha longifolia oilFR
 mentha spicata herb extractFL/FR
 mentha spicata herb tinctureFL/FR
 mentha spicata herb waterFL/FR
 mentha spicata leaf extractFL/FR
trans-para-menthan-2-oneFL/FR
 methyl salicylateFL/FR
 peppermint absoluteFL/FR
 peppermint distillatesFL/FR
 peppermint fragranceFR
 peppermint oil americaFL/FR
 peppermint oil idahoFL/FR
 peppermint oil willametteFL/FR
isopropyl tiglateFL/FR
isopulegyl formateFL/FR
 spearmint absoluteFL/FR
 spearmint essenceFL/FR
 spearmint fragranceFR
 spearmint oilFL/FR
 spearmint oil chinaFL/FR
 spearmint oil scotchFL/FR
 spearmint oil terpenelessFL/FR
 spearmint oil terpenesFR
 tetrahydrocarvoneFL/FR
powdery
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
spicy
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 carrot weed oilFL/FR
 carvacrolFL/FR
trans-carveolFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
sweet marjoram oil replacerFR
 myrtenalFL/FR
 origanum majorana oilFL/FR
sulfurous
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
 mango thiolFL/FR
4-methoxy-2-methyl butane thiolFL/FR
terpenic
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
tonka
 mint lactoneFL/FR
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
woody
 dihydro-beta-iononeFL/FR
 santallFR
(Z)-woody amyleneFR
 
For Flavor
 
No flavor group found for these
2-tert-butyl pyrazineFL/FR
(4R,6R)-carveolFL/FR
trans-carveolFL/FR
laevo-carveolFL/FR
3-cyclohexyl propyl butyrate 
2-cyclopentyl cyclopentanoneFL/FR
 ethyl 2-methyl-2-(methyl thio) propionateFL
 limonene oxideFL/FR
cis+trans-para-1(7)8-menthadien-2-yl acetateFL
 menthyl acetate racemicFL/FR
3-methylthio-4-heptanone 
 nonyl benzoate 
isopulegyl formateFL/FR
 rosefuranFL/FR
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-7-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-8-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)oct-5-ene 
1,3,3,5-tetramethyl-8-carbomethoxybicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
dextro-limonene oxideFL/FR
alliaceous
 truffle sulfideFL
anise
(E)-anetholFL/FR
 anise seed oil colombiaFL/FR
sweet fennel seed oilFL/FR
balsamic
siam benzoin resinoidFL/FR
 ethyl cinnamateFL/FR
berry
 heliotropyl acetoneFL/FR
 raspberry ketoneFL/FR
camphoreous
6-hydroxydihydrotheaspirane (mixture of isomers)FL/FR
citrus
 bergamot oilFL/FR
1,5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-2-oxabicyclo(2.2.2)octane 
laevo-linaloolFL/FR
 linaloolFL/FR
 nerolFL/FR
sweet orange peel oil c.p. brazilFL/FR
alpha-terpineolFL/FR
 verbena oil franceFL
coffee
2-isopropyl pyrazineFL
cooling
 manzanate (Givaudan)FL/FR
laevo-mentholFL/FR
 peppermint oil americaFL/FR
creamy
 mint lactoneFL/FR
gamma-undecalactone (aldehyde C-14 (so-called))FL/FR
floral
 bois de rose oil brazilFL/FR
 geraniolFL/FR
 geranium oil bourbonFL/FR
 geranium oil chinaFL/FR
 linalyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl dihydrojasmonateFL/FR
 neryl acetateFL/FR
 ocean propanalFL/FR
fruity
para-anisyl alcoholFL/FR
 benzyl acetateFL/FR
 benzyl propionateFL/FR
 diethyl malonateFL/FR
 dimethyl anthranilateFL/FR
 ethyl heptanoateFL/FR
 pineapple pentenoateFL/FR
 rose butanoateFL/FR
 styralyl acetateFL/FR
green
isobutyl angelateFL/FR
 carrot weed oilFL/FR
 cyclamen aldehydeFL/FR
 cyclohexyl ethyl alcoholFL/FR
 cyclohexyl formateFL/FR
 dihydrocarveolFL/FR
(E,E)-2,4-hexadienalFL
(Z)-3-hexen-1-olFL/FR
(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetateFL/FR
 linalool oxideFL/FR
 ocimene quintoxideFL/FR
2-phenyl propyl alcoholFL/FR
isopropyl tiglateFL/FR
3,5,5-trimethyl hexanolFL/FR
herbal
 anethum graveolens herb oilFL/FR
 barosma betulina leaf oilFL/FR
 carum carvi fruit oilFL/FR
 daucus carota fruit oilFL/FR
 dill weed oil cubaFL/FR
 dill weed oil reunionFL/FR
 hop absoluteFL/FR
 hop oilFL/FR
 hyssop oilFL/FR
 lavender absolute bulgariaFL/FR
 melaleuca leucadendron cajaputi oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum herb oilFL/FR
 ocimum basilicum leaf oil CO2 extractFL/FR
 origanum majorana oilFL/FR
 petitgrain oil paraguayFL/FR
 thyme absoluteFL/FR
honey
 phenethyl acetateFL/FR
juicy
 lychee mercaptan acetateFL/FR
mentholic
 peppermint cyclohexanoneFL/FR
minty
 agathosma crenulata leaf oilFL/FR
 betula lenta bark oil americaFL/FR
laevo-carvoneFL/FR
cis-carvone-5,6-oxideFL/FR
 carvyl acetateFL/FR
 ethyl salicylateFL/FR
 mentha spicata herb extractFL/FR
 mentha spicata herb tinctureFL/FR
 mentha spicata herb waterFL/FR
 mentha spicata leaf extractFL/FR
trans-para-menthan-2-oneFL/FR
laevo-menthyl acetateFL/FR
 methyl salicylateFL/FR
 myrtenalFL/FR
 peppermint absoluteFL/FR
 peppermint distillatesFL/FR
 peppermint flavorFL
 peppermint oil idahoFL/FR
 peppermint oil willametteFL/FR
 spearmint absoluteFL/FR
 spearmint distillatesFL
 spearmint essenceFL/FR
 spearmint flavorFL
 spearmint herbFL
 spearmint oilFL/FR
 spearmint oil chinaFL/FR
 spearmint oil scotchFL/FR
 spearmint oil terpenelessFL/FR
 tetrahydrocarvoneFL/FR
nutty
1,8-dimethoxy-para-menthane 
spicy
 carvacrolFL/FR
 cinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetalFL/FR
 cumin seed absoluteFL/FR
black currant bud absoluteFL/FR
 dill seed oil CO2 extract indianFL/FR
 dill seed oil indianFL/FR
sulfurous
 mango thiolFL/FR
4-methoxy-2-methyl butane thiolFL/FR
tea
white tea peach spearmint flavorFL
vanilla
 ethyl vanillinFL/FR
 vanilla bean absolute (vanilla planifolia)FL/FR
waxy
alpha-hexyl cinnamaldehydeFL/FR
woody
 dehydroxylinalool oxideFL/FR
 dihydro-beta-iononeFL/FR
 
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Potential Uses:
 fernFR
 herbalFR
 jasminFR
 lavenderFR
 mintFR
 spearmintFR
 spiceFR
 windsor soapFR
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
 spearmint
Search Trop  Picture
Synonyms   Articles   Notes   Search   Top
Synonyms:
 mentha crispa herb oil america
 mentha spicata herb oil america
 mentha viridis herb oil america
 oil spearmint first cutting FCC (native variety)
 spearmint essential oil mentha spicata, america
 spearmint far west native
 spearmint farwest native oil USA
natural oil of spearmint farwest native type
east spearmint oil 60%
east spearmint oil 80%
 spearmint oil america
 spearmint oil american
organic spearmint oil american
 spearmint oil mwn
 spearmint oil mws
 spearmint oil native
 spearmint oil, native
 spearmint oil, native natural
 spearmint usa EO
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Articles:
PubMed: Growth performance and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with sage, mint and thyme oils.
PubMed: Next generation sequencing unravels the biosynthetic ability of Spearmint ( Mentha spicata ) peltate glandular trichomes through comparative transcriptomics.
PubMed: Acaricidal activities against house dust mites of spearmint oil and its constituents.
PubMed: Secondary metabolites isolation in natural products chemistry: comparison of two semipreparative chromatographic techniques (high pressure liquid chromatography and high performance thin-layer chromatography).
PubMed: [Correlation between the output and composition of essential oil and the level of salicylic acid in mint plants at different ontogenetic stages].
PubMed: Nematicidal activity of mint aqueous extracts against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita.
PubMed: Increased seizure latency and decreased severity of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice after essential oil administration.
PubMed: Antiemetic activity of volatile oil from Mentha spicata and Mentha × piperita in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
PubMed: (-)-Carvone: antispasmodic effect and mode of action.
PubMed: Postharvest management affects spearmint and calamint essential oils.
PubMed: Hydrodistillation and in situ microwave-generated hydrodistillation of fresh and dried mint leaves: a comparison study.
PubMed: Retrospective study of oral lichen planus and allergy to spearmint oil.
PubMed: Antimicrobial activity of commercially available essential oils against Streptococcus mutans.
PubMed: Repellent activities of some Labiatae plant essential oils against the saltmarsh mosquito Ochlerotatus caspius (Pallas, 1771) (Diptera: Culicidae).
PubMed: Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Mentha spicata (Linn.) against three mosquito species.
PubMed: Chemical diversity in Mentha spicata: antioxidant and potato sprout inhibition activity of its essential oils.
PubMed: Medicinal plants as antiemetics in the treatment of cancer: a review.
PubMed: [Effect of spearmint oil on lipopolysaccharide induced emphysema-like changes and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9].
PubMed: Effect of distillation waste water and plant hormones on spearmint growth and composition.
PubMed: A flexible loop-type flow modulator for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography.
PubMed: Comparative evaluation of garlic extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans count - an in vitro study.
PubMed: Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model.
PubMed: Yield, content, and composition of peppermint and spearmints as a function of harvesting time and drying.
PubMed: Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells.
PubMed: Chemical composition and larvicidal evaluation of Mentha, Salvia, and Melissa essential oils against the West Nile virus mosquito Culex pipiens.
PubMed: Mint essential oil can induce or inhibit potato sprouting by differential alteration of apical meristem.
PubMed: Productivity and quality of volatile oil extracted from Mentha spicata and M. arvensis var. piperascens grown by a hydroponic system using the deep flow technique.
PubMed: The effect of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oils on dental biofilm.
PubMed: Characterization of the harmful effect of olive mill wastewater on spearmint.
PubMed: Nonlinear dynamical analysis of the effect by six stimuli on electroencephalogram.
PubMed: Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities.
PubMed: Mint oil (Mentha spicata Linn.) offers behavioral radioprotection: a radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion study.
PubMed: [Effect of Spearmint oil on inflammation, oxidative alteration and Nrf2 expression in lung tissue of COPD rats].
PubMed: Expression of spearmint limonene synthase in transgenic spike lavender results in an altered monoterpene composition in developing leaves.
PubMed: Microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity, a new technique for extraction of essential oils.
PubMed: Monoterpene metabolism. Cloning, expression, and characterization of (-)-isopiperitenol/(-)-carveol dehydrogenase of peppermint and spearmint.
PubMed: Contact allergy to spearmint oil in a patient with oral lichen planus.
PubMed: Organization of monoterpene biosynthesis in Mentha. Immunocytochemical localizations of geranyl diphosphate synthase, limonene-6-hydroxylase, isopiperitenol dehydrogenase, and pulegone reductase.
PubMed: Piperitenone oxide as toxic, repellent, and reproduction retardant toward malarial vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Anophelinae).
PubMed: Suppression of neutrophil recruitment in mice by geranium essential oil.
PubMed: Molecular evaluation of a spearmint mutant altered in the expression of limonene hydroxylases that direct essential oil monoterpene biosynthesis.
PubMed: Medicinal and aromatic plant materials as nitrification inhibitors for augmenting yield and nitrogen uptake of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. Var. Piperascens).
PubMed: Inhibition by the essential oils of peppermint and spearmint of the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
PubMed: Different stereoselectivity in the reduction of pulegone by Mentha species.
PubMed: (3R)-Linalool synthase from Artemisia annua L.: cDNA isolation, characterization, and wound induction.
PubMed: Mentha x piperita, Mentha spicata and Effects of Their Essential Oils on Meloidogyne in Soil.
PubMed: Purification and characterization of an NADPH-cytochrome P450 (cytochrome c) reductase from spearmint (Mentha spicata) glandular trichomes.
PubMed: Isolation and characterization of an active-site peptide from a monoterpene cyclase labeled with a mechanism-based inhibitor.
PubMed: 4S-limonene synthase from the oil glands of spearmint (Mentha spicata). cDNA isolation, characterization, and bacterial expression of the catalytically active monoterpene cyclase.
PubMed: Induction and Characterization of a Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Camphor Hydroxylase in Tissue Cultures of Common Sage (Salvia officinalis).
PubMed: Production and characterization of polyclonal antibodies in rabbits to 4S-limonene synthase from spearmint (Mentha spicata).
PubMed: Monoterpene biosynthesis: specificity of the hydroxylations of (-)-limonene by enzyme preparations from peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and perilla (Perilla frutescens) leaves.
PubMed: Demonstration that limonene is the first cyclic intermediate in the biosynthesis of oxygenated p-menthane monoterpenes in Mentha piperita and other Mentha species.
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