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citrus paradisi peel extract
extract obtained from the peel of the grapefruit, citrus paradisi, rutaceae

Supplier Sponsors

Advanced Biotech

Advanced Biotech. Inc.

Inspired by Nature
A diverse range of products, all meeting our stringent commitment to quality.
Advanced Biotech is a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality Natural flavoring ingredients & botanical extracts for the food/beverage, cosmetic and personal care industries. With over 25 years of experience working with Fermentation processing & botanical extracts, we can help develop new innovative and functional products for today�™s competitive marketplace. Our company prides itself in the ability to cater to our customer�™s specific needs while maintaining our focus on integrity, honesty and the commitment to high quality product standards. We proudly offer our quality Natural ingredients to companies around the world.
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CODE105903 CODE105903
Product(s):
6104 GRAPEFRUIT EXTRACT WONF NATURAL
SDS

Excellentia International

Excellentia International

Ingredients by Nature
Exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers requirements.
Excellentia International was founded in 2010 through the merger of Excellentia Flavors LLC and Polarome International. Collectively, these companies account for more than one hundred years of industry experience, and are recognized for exceptional quality and excellence in meeting our customers’ requirements.
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CODE105903 CODE105903
Product(s):
Grapefruit Extract

Symrise

Always Insiring More
Symrise aroma molecules & cosmetic ingredients for unique and innovative fragrances, flavors and cosmetics.
We are globally recognized as a leading provider of fragrances, flavors and active ingredients as well as aroma chemicals for the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. We combine our knowledge about consumers’ ever- changing needs with creativity and ground-breaking technologies. In doing so, we concentrate on the development of solutions that provide our customers with added value. We ensure sustained value creation by allowing our employees and shareholders to share our Company’s success.
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CODE105903 CODE105903
Product(s):
102088 Fruitapone^® Grapefruit B Life Essentials - Botanicals

Vigon International

Vigon International

Passion for Simplicity
Manufacturer and supplier of high quality flavor and fragrance ingredients.
The growth and success of Vigon is due in large part to a unique corporate concept that Vigon has developed and established within the industry: Creative Partnerships. This partnership concept has been and continues to be the foundation and guiding principle for all of Vigon's activities.
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CODE105903 CODE105903
Product(s):
508056 FRUITAPONE^® GRAPEFRUIT

Name:	citrus paradisi peel extract
CAS Number:	90045-43-5
ECHA EC Number:	289-904-6
FDA UNII:	Search

Category:flavor and fragrance agents

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:	Search
Google Books:	Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"	Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"	Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:	Search
Google Patents:	Search
US Patents:	Search
EU Patents:	Search
PubMed:	Search
NCBI:	Search
	FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
GRN 658	Grapefruit extract View - notice PDF
FDA Mainterm (SATF):	90045-43-5 ; GRAPEFRUIT, EXTRACT
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 182 -- SUBSTANCES GENERALLY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE Subpart A--General Provisions Sec. 182.20 Essential oils, oleoresins (solvent-free), and natural extractives (including distillates).

Physical Properties:

Appearance:	yellow liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed:	No
Soluble in:
	ethyl alcohol, 1:1
	propylene glycol, 1:1
	vegetable oil, 1:1
Stability:
	6 months at temps of 7� c with no air or light

Organoleptic Properties:

Odor Type: citrus

fresh grapefruit

Odor Description:at 100.00 %. strong fresh grapefruit

grapefruit aldehydic citrus orange sulfurous

Odor Description:at 2.00 %. Grapefruit, aldehydic, citrus orange, a slight sulfureous topnote and a nootketone dryout
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 1, 13, (1999)

Flavor Type: citrus

citrus juicy grapefruit pulpy

Taste Description: at 5.00 ppm. Citrus, juicy grapefruit with a pulpy mouthfeel
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 24, No. 1, 13, (1999)

Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).

Cosmetic Information:

CosIng:	cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses:	perfuming agents skin conditioning

Suppliers:

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Phototoxicity
IFRA fragrance material specification:
	Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.

Safety References:

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

Daily Med:search

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

citrus paradisi peel extract

Chemidplus:0090045435

References:

	citrus paradisi peel extract
Pubchem (sid):	135286079

Other Information:

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
Export Tariff Code:	3301.19.0000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:	View
Wikipedia:	View

Potential Blenders and core components note

For Odor

No odor group found for these

2-

ethyl-N-methyl-N-(3-methyl phenyl) butyramide
FR

aldehydic

aldehydic

citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde
FL/FR

dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)
FL/FR

(Z)-4-

dodecenal
FL/FR

3-

methyl-4-(1-methyl hexyl oxy) butyraldehyde
FR

3-

methyl-4-heptyl oxybutyraldehyde
FR

tridecanal
FL/FR

undecanal
FL/FR

(Z)-8-

anisic

ethyl para-anisate
FL/FR

citronella

4,8-

dimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol
FR

citrus

benzyl anthranilate
FR

beta-

bisabolol
FL/FR

citral
FL/FR

citral dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

citrus grandis fruit extract
FL/FR

citrus grandis fruit water
FR

citrus grandis peel
FL/FR

citrus grandis peel extract
FR

citrus grandis peel oil
FL/FR

citrus grandis peel powder
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil expressed
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel oil bergaptene reduced
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel oil washed
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel water
FL/FR

citrus reticulata blanco var. tangerine oil
FL/FR

curacao specialty
FR

(E)-4-

(Z)-7-

(Z)-4-

4-

dimethyl octenone
FR

2,4-

dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-methanyl acetate
FR

grapefruit carbonyls
FL/FR

grapefruit essence
FL/FR

grapefruit fragrance
FR

grapefruit indene
FR

grapefruit mercaptan
FL/FR

grapefruit nitrile
FR

grapefruit oil
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. argentina
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. california
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. florida
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. israel
FL/FR

grapefruit oil CO2 extract (citrus paradisi macf. var. falvedo)
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded california
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded florida
FL/FR

grapefruit oil replacer
FL/FR

grapefruit oil terpeneless
FL/FR

grapefruit oil terpenes
FL/FR

grapefruit pentanol
FR

grapefruit specialty
FR

lemon oil c.p. california
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced
FL/FR

lemon oil residues
FL/FR

clementine

mandarin fragrance
FR

mandarin oil
FL/FR

mandarin specialty
FR

marine decadienal
FR

5-

mercapto-5-methyl-3-hexanone
FL/FR

methyl indole-1-carboxylate
FR

1-

methyl-4-methyl ethenyl cyclohexene sulfurized
FL/FR

myrmac aldehyde
FR

(+)-

nootkatone
FL/FR

octanal glycol acetal
FR

orange fruit oil
FL/FR

blood

orange oil italy
FL/FR

sweet

orange peel oil folded
FL/FR

wild sweet

orange peel oil west indian
FL/FR

philodendron solimoesense specialty
FR

beta-

alpha-

tangerine oil america
FL/FR

tangerine oil california
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinyl methyl ether
FL/FR

tetrahydrocitral
FL/FR

(±)-2,4,8-

trimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol
FL/FR

valencene
FL/FR

yuzu specialty
FR

ethereal

ethyl acetate
FL/FR

2-

methyl valeraldehyde
FL/FR

fatty

(E)-2-

floral

acetyl tetralin
FR

allyl anthranilate
FL/FR

amyl anthranilate
FL/FR

bigarade oxide
FR

cassis oxime 10%
FR

citronellal
FL/FR

beta-

damascenone
FL/FR

decyl anthranilate
FR

dimethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

2,4-

dimethyl cyclohexyl methyl acetate
FR

ethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

ethyl ortho-anisate
FL/FR

gardenia acetal
FR

gardenia amide
FR

gardenia decalone
FR

gardenia pentyl acetate
FR

linalyl anthranilate
FL/FR

magnolia indene
FR

beta-

naphthyl anthranilate
FL/FR

neryl isovalerate
FL/FR

octanal / methyl anthranilate schiff's base
FR

peony acetonitrile
FR

petitgrain grapefruit oil
FL/FR

petitgrain mandarin oil
FL/FR

petitgrain mandarin oil terpeneless
FL/FR

phenethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

4-

phenyl-3-buten-2-ol
FL/FR

fruity

acetoin acetate
FL/FR

apple crotonate
FR

iso

butyl anthranilate
FL/FR

butyl anthranilate
FL/FR

(E)-

cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR

cyclohexyl anthranilate
FL/FR

ethyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR

ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate
FL/FR

ethyl propionate
FL/FR

grape butyrate
FL/FR

grape essence
FL/FR

grape fragrance
FR

concord

grape fragrance
FR

grapefruit acetal
FR

3-

(Z)-3-

hexen-1-yl anthranilate
FL/FR

methyl 2-methyl valerate
FL/FR

methyl anthranilate
FL/FR

neryl propionate
FL/FR

(Z)-3-

octen-1-yl propionate
FL/FR

3-

phenyl propyl isobutyrate
FL/FR

propyl heptanoate
FL/FR

tropical trithiane
FL/FR

grape

muscadine fragrance
FR

green

green carboxylate
FR

(Z)-3-

hexen-1-yl butyrate
FL/FR

(E)-2-

hexen-1-yl isovalerate
FL/FR

(Z)-3-

hexen-1-yl oxyacetaldehyde
FR

(2-

methoxy-1-methyl butyl) benzene
FR

[(4E,4Z)-5-

methoxy-3-methyl-4-penten-1-yl] benzene
FR

herbal

6-

acetoxydihydrotheaspirane
FL/FR

cardamom liquid resin
FR

chrysanthemum ketone
FR

(E)-2-

dodecenal
FL/FR

3-

octyl acetate
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinyl acetate
FL/FR

minty

ethyl benzoate
FL/FR

naphthyl

beta-

naphthyl ethyl ether
FL/FR

pulpy

grapefruit isolate
FL/FR

spicy

cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR

sulfurous

ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate
FL/FR

grapefruit menthane
FL/FR

4-

methoxy-2-methyl butane thiol
FL/FR

3-

thiohexanol
FL/FR

4-

tropical oxathiane
FL/FR

waxy

3-

ethyl decanoate
FL/FR

ethyl nonanoate
FL/FR

2-

For Flavor

No flavor group found for these

6-

acetoxydihydrotheaspirane
FL/FR

allyl anthranilate
FL/FR

amyl anthranilate
FL/FR

(E)-

cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR

3-

4-

dihydronootkatone
FL

(Z)-4-

dodecenal
FL/FR

ethyl 3-mercaptopropionate
FL/FR

ethyl ortho-anisate
FL/FR

lemon oil residues
FL/FR

4-

mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanol
FL

5-

mercapto-5-methyl-3-hexanone
FL/FR

3-

mercaptooctanal
FL

beta-

tetrahydrocitral
FL/FR

anise

anise

ethyl para-anisate
FL/FR

citrus

beta-

bisabolol
FL/FR

citral
FL/FR

citral dimethyl acetal
FL/FR

citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde
FL/FR

citrus grandis fruit extract
FL/FR

citrus grandis peel
FL/FR

citrus grandis peel oil
FL/FR

citrus grandis peel powder
FL/FR

citrus limon peel oil expressed
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel oil bergaptene reduced
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel oil washed
FL/FR

citrus paradisi peel water
FL/FR

citrus reticulata blanco var. tangerine oil
FL/FR

(Z)-4-

dehydronootkatone
FL

grapefruit carbonyls
FL/FR

grapefruit essence
FL/FR

grapefruit flavor
FL

pink

grapefruit flavor
FL

grapefruit green flavor
FL

grapefruit juice
FL

grapefruit key
FL

grapefruit mercaptan
FL/FR

grapefruit oil
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. argentina
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. california
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. florida
FL/FR

grapefruit oil c.p. israel
FL/FR

grapefruit oil CO2 extract (citrus paradisi macf. var. falvedo)
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded california
FL/FR

grapefruit oil folded florida
FL/FR

grapefruit oil replacer
FL/FR

grapefruit oil sesquiterpeneless
FL

grapefruit oil terpeneless
FL/FR

grapefruit oil terpenes
FL/FR

lemon carbonyls
FL

lemon oil c.p. california
FL/FR

lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced
FL/FR

mandarin oil
FL/FR

3-

mercaptoheptyl acetate
FL

1-

methyl-4-methyl ethenyl cyclohexene sulfurized
FL/FR

(+)-

nootkatone
FL/FR

orange fruit oil
FL/FR

blood

orange oil italy
FL/FR

sweet

orange peel oil folded
FL/FR

wild sweet

orange peel oil west indian
FL/FR

petitgrain grapefruit oil
FL/FR

petitgrain mandarin oil
FL/FR

pomelo essence oil
FL

pomelo flavor
FL

alpha-

tangerine oil america
FL/FR

tangerine oil california
FL/FR

(±)-2,4,8-

trimethyl-7-nonen-2-ol
FL/FR

valencene
FL/FR

earthy

(±)-2-

mercapto-5-methylheptan-4-one
FL

ethereal

ethyl acetate
FL/FR

fatty

2,4-

(E,E)-2,4-

dodecadienal
FL

floral

cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR

citronellal
FL/FR

(Z)-3-

hexen-1-yl anthranilate
FL/FR

linalyl anthranilate
FL/FR

phenethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

fruity

acetoin acetate
FL/FR

iso

butyl anthranilate
FL/FR

butyl anthranilate
FL/FR

cyclohexyl anthranilate
FL/FR

dimethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

ethyl 2-methyl butyrate
FL/FR

ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate
FL/FR

ethyl anthranilate
FL/FR

ethyl propionate
FL/FR

furfuryl butyrate
FL

furfuryl isovalerate
FL

grape concentrate
FL

grape enhancer
FL

grape essence
FL/FR

concord

grape flavor
FL

muscatine

grape flavor
FL

grape flavor
FL

white

grape flavor
FL

green

grape flavor
FL

red

grape flavor
FL

grape juice concentrate
FL

3-

mango papaya grapefruit flavor
FL

methyl 2-methyl valerate
FL/FR

methyl anthranilate
FL/FR

beta-

naphthyl anthranilate
FL/FR

neryl isovalerate
FL/FR

(Z)-3-

octen-1-yl propionate
FL/FR

petitgrain mandarin oil terpeneless
FL/FR

3-

phenyl propyl isobutyrate
FL/FR

4-

tropical oxathiane
FL/FR

tropical trithiane
FL/FR

green

(E)-4-

grape butyrate
FL/FR

(E,E)-2,4-

(Z)-3-

hexen-1-yl butyrate
FL/FR

(E)-2-

hexen-1-yl isovalerate
FL/FR

neryl propionate
FL/FR

(E)-2-

3-

octyl acetate
FL/FR

medicinal

ethyl benzoate
FL/FR

musty

propionaldehyde
FL

powdery

beta-

naphthyl ethyl ether
FL/FR

pulpy

grapefruit isolate
FL/FR

soapy

dodecanal (aldehyde C-12 lauric)
FL/FR

sulfurous

grapefruit menthane
FL/FR

4-

methoxy-2-methyl butane thiol
FL/FR

3-

thiohexanol
FL/FR

tropical

anacardium occidentale fruit puree
FL

vegetable

2-

methyl valeraldehyde
FL/FR

waxy

(E)-2-

dodecenal
FL/FR

ethyl decanoate
FL/FR

ethyl nonanoate
FL/FR

2-

4-

phenyl-3-buten-2-ol
FL/FR

propyl heptanoate
FL/FR

tridecanal
FL/FR

undecanal
FL/FR

woody

beta-

damascenone
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinyl acetate
FL/FR

alpha-

terpinyl methyl ether
FL/FR

Potential Uses:

FL	beverage
FR	citrus
	confectionary
FR	grapefruit
FR	lemon
FR	lime
FR	mandarin
FR	orange
FL	savory

Occurrence (nature, food, other):note

grapefruit
Search Trop Picture

Synonyms:

	extract obtained from the peel of the grapefruit, citrus paradisi, rutaceae
fruitapone	grapefruit (Symrise)
fruitapone	grapefruit B (Symrise)
	grapefruit extract
	grapefruit extract natural
	grapefruit extract of whole
	grapefruit extract organic
	grapefruit extract WONF natural
	grapefruit peel alcoholic extract
	grapefruit peel extract

Articles:

PubMed:The Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cold-Pressed and Distilled Essential Oils of Citrus paradisi and Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck.

PubMed:Citrus peel extract incorporated ice cubes to protect the quality of common pandora: Fish storage in ice with citrus.

PubMed:Ethylene degreening modulates health promoting phytochemicals in Rio Red grapefruit.

PubMed:Ultrasound-assisted heating extraction of pectin from grapefruit peel: optimization and comparison with the conventional method.

PubMed:Green approach for fabrication and applications of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

PubMed:Effects of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MACF) (Rutaceae) peel oil against developmental stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).

PubMed:Hydrolysis of flavanone glycosides by β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus and its application to the production of flavanone aglycones from citrus extracts.

PubMed:Adsorption of neutral red and malachite green onto grapefruit peel in single and binary systems.

PubMed:De-novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of Metschnikowia fructicola reveals differences in gene expression following interaction with Penicillium digitatum and grapefruit peel.

PubMed:Assessing the biosynthetic capabilities of secretory glands in Citrus peel.

PubMed:Global changes in gene expression of grapefruit peel tissue in response to the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola.

PubMed:[Furanocoumarins contents and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) inhibitory activities of various processed fruit peel products: outflow of 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin during processing treatment of peel].

PubMed:Albedo hydrolysis modelling and digestion with reused effluents in the enzymatic peeling process of grapefruits.

PubMed:Application potential of grapefruit peel as dye sorbent: kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of crystal violet adsorption.

PubMed:Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange.

PubMed:Minor furanocoumarins and coumarins in grapefruit peel oil as inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 3A4.

PubMed:Application of time-of-flight near-infrared spectroscopy to fruits: analysis of absorption and scattering conditions of near-infrared radiation using cross-correlation of the time-resolved profile.

PubMed:Effect of Citrus paradisi extract and juice on arterial pressure both in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed:In vitro interactions with repeated grapefruit juice administration--to peel or not to peel?

PubMed:Induction of Resistance to Penicillium digitatum in Grapefruit by the Yeast Biocontrol Agent Candida oleophila.

PubMed:Fumigant toxicity of citrus oils against cowpea seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

PubMed:A New coumarin from Citrus paradisi Macf.

PubMed:Effect of adding extracted hesperetin, naringenin and pectin on egg cholesterol, serum traits and antioxidant activity in laying hens.

PubMed:Antagonistic effects of the endophytic fungus Meira geulakonigii on the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora.

PubMed:Organic vs conventionally grown Rio Red whole grapefruit and juice: comparison of production inputs, market quality, consumer acceptance, and human health-bioactive compounds.

PubMed:Radical scavenging and cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitory activity of bergaptol and geranylcoumarin from grapefruit.

PubMed:Effect of heat treatment on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract.

PubMed:Long aculeus and behavior of Anastrepha ludens render gibberellic acid ineffective as an agent to reduce 'ruby red' grapefruit susceptibility to the attack of this pestiferous fruit fly in commercial groves.

PubMed:Hydrolysis of grapefruit peel waste with cellulase and pectinase enzymes.

PubMed:Nonvolatiles of commercial lime and grapefruit oils separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography.

PubMed:[Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of flour of orange (Citrus sinensis), tangerine (Citrus reticulata) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peels cultivated in Venezuela].

PubMed:Volatile constituents of redblush grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and pummelo (Citrus grandis) peel essential oils from Kenya.

PubMed:Supercritical fluid extraction of naringin from the peel of Citrus paradisi.

PubMed:Characterization of the wound-induced material in Citrus paradisi fruit peel by carbon-13 CP-MAS solid state NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed:Identification of epoxybergamottin as a CYP3A4 inhibitor in grapefruit peel.

PubMed:Identification of a grapefruit cDNA belonging to a unique class of citrus dehydrins and characterization of its expression patterns under temperature stress conditions.

PubMed:Grapefruit-felodipine interaction: effect of unprocessed fruit and probable active ingredients.

PubMed:Ultraviolet C irradiation at 0.5 kJ.m(-)(2) reduces decay without causing damage or affecting postharvest quality of star ruby grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.).

PubMed:Insecticidal properties of citrus oils against Culex pipiens and Musca domestica.

PubMed:The expression of a grapefruit gene encoding an isoflavone reductase-like protein is induced in response to UV irradiation.

PubMed:Influence of CaCl(2) on Penicillium digitatum, Grapefruit Peel Tissue, and Biocontrol Activity of Pichia guilliermondii.

PubMed:Sucrose synthase and invertase in isolated vascular bundles.

PubMed:Sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in transport tissues and adjacent sink structures in developing citrus fruit.

PubMed:[The antioxidant activity of citrus fruit peels].

PubMed:Autoinhibition of Ethylene Production in Citrus Peel Discs : SUPPRESSION OF 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHESIS.

PubMed:Composition, ultrastructure and function of the cutin- and suberin-containing layers in the leaf, fruit peel, juice-sac and inner seed coat of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfed.).

PubMed:Effect of gamma radiation on the synthesis of scopoletin and scopolin in grapefruit peel in relation to radiation damage.

PubMed:Ethylene-controlled Induction of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Citrus Fruit Peel.

PubMed:Studies on phytosterol biosynthesis. The presence of 4-alpha,14-alpha-dimethyl-delta-8,24(28)-ergostadien-3-beta-ol in grapefruit peel and its co-occurrece with cycloeucalenol in higher plant tissues.

PubMed:A new coumarin from grapefruit peel oil.

PubMed:The preparation and evaluation of grapefruit peel tincture and grapefruit syrup.

Notes:

Do not use on any part of the body because of phototoxic effects.

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