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Category:flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.74700 to 0.75300 @ 25.00 °C.
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| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 6.216 to 6.266
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| Refractive Index: | 1.40500 to 1.41100 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | -60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 95.00 to 97.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 51.112999 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 3 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 62.00 °F. TCC ( 16.67 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 1.410 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | propylene glycol | | | water | | | glycerin | | | water, 1.097e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Similar Items:note |
| amyl amine |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: ammoniacal |
| ammoniacal |
| Odor Description:at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. unpleasent ammonia |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | C - Corrosive. |
R 11 - Highly flammable.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 34 - Causes burns.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.
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| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for isoamyl amine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 24.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 0.07 (μg/capita/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | I |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 4 |
| Click here to view publication 4 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 0.10000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.10000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 0.10000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 0.10000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.10000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 0.10000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1- | amino-3-methyl butane | | 1- | amino-3-methylbutane | | 1- | aminoisopentane | | iso | amylamine | | monoiso | amylamine | | 1- | butanamine, 3-methyl- | | iso | butyl carbyl amine | | iso | butyl carbylamine | | | butylamine, 3-methyl- | | 3,3- | dimethyl propyl amine | | 3,3- | dimethylpropylamine | | | leucamine | | 3- | methyl butyl amine | | 3- | methyl-1-butanamine | | 3- | methyl-butan-1-amine | | 3- | methylbutan-1-amine | | 3- | methylbutanamine | | 3- | methylbutyl amine | | 3- | methylbutylamine | | iso | pentyl amine | | iso | pentylamine | | monoiso | pentylamine | | | propylamine, 3,3-dimethyl- | | iso | valeryl amine |
Articles:
| Info:aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides |
| PubMed:Credneramides A and B: neuromodulatory phenethylamine and isopentylamine derivatives of a vinyl chloride-containing fatty acid from cf. Trichodesmium sp. nov. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of methylisoamylnitrosamine from isoamylamine by fungi (Fusarium moniliforme). |
| PubMed:Synthesis of nitrosomethylisoamylamine from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi. |
| PubMed:Nitrogen fertilisation increases biogenic amines and amino acid concentrations in Vitis vinifera var. Riesling musts and wines. |
| PubMed:[Studies on the synthesis of two new nitrosamines (NMAMBA and NMAMPA) from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi]. |
| PubMed:The deamination of isoamylamine by monamine oxidase in mitochondrial preparations from rat liver and heart: a comparison with phenylethylamine. |
| PubMed:Impact of Gram-negative bacteria in interaction with a complex microbial consortium on biogenic amine content and sensory characteristics of an uncooked pressed cheese. |
| PubMed:Levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in high-quality red wines. |
| PubMed:Agonists for 13 trace amine-associated receptors provide insight into the molecular basis of odor selectivity. |
| PubMed:Validation of a method for the analysis of biogenic amines: histamine instability during wine sample storage. |
| PubMed:Study of the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde pre-column derivatization of biogenic mono- and diamines in mixture and fluorescence-HPLC determination. |
| PubMed:E-64c-hydrazide: a lead structure for the development of irreversible cathepsin C inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Diversity and assessment of potential risk factors of Gram-negative isolates associated with French cheeses. |
| PubMed:Metabolic profiling of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba invadens revealed activation of unpredicted pathway during encystation. |
| PubMed:Identification of puberty-accelerating pheromones in male mouse urine. |
| PubMed:Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assessment of amines in Port wine and grape juice after fast chloroformate extraction/derivatization. |
| PubMed:Nakijiquinones J--R, sesquiterpenoid quinones with an amine residue from okinawan marine sponges. |
| PubMed:Autophagy in tobacco BY-2 cells cultured under sucrose starvation conditions: isolation of the autolysosome and its characterization. |
| PubMed:Analysis of puberty-accelerating pheromones. |
| PubMed:Trace amine-associated receptors are olfactory receptors in vertebrates. |
| PubMed:High-precision position-specific isotope analysis of 13C/12C in leucine and methionine analogues. |
| PubMed:Seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of cecum-derived amines in clinically normal ponies and ponies predisposed to laminitis. |
| PubMed:Gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial amines as their free bases. |
| PubMed:Suppression of calcium-induced removal of the Z-line by a thiol-protease inhibitor, E-64-c. |
| PubMed:Production of amines in equine cecal contents in an in vitro model of carbohydrate overload. |
| PubMed:Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) of the rat aorta. Interactions with some naturally occurring amines and their structural analogues. |
| PubMed:Interaction of 11 cisplatin analogues with DNA: characteristic pattern of damage with monofunctional analogues. |
| PubMed:Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, C. nitida and Garcinia cola. |
| PubMed:Analysis of amines and other bacterial products by head-space gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Modification of ion-exchange membrane used for separation of protons and metallic cations and characterization of the membrane by current-voltage curves. |
| PubMed:Application of polymethacrylate resin as stationary phase in liquid chromatography with UV detection for C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines. |
| PubMed:Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by equine digital vein endothelial cells: inhibition by amines found in the equine caecum. |
| PubMed:Identification and quantification of amines in the equine caecum. |
| PubMed:Effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous 2-(allylthio)pyrazine, a new chemoprotective agent, in rats. |
| PubMed:[The occurence and distribution of volatile amines in marine algae]. |
| PubMed:THE METABOLISM OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY : I. THE RESPIRATION AND THE OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY. |
| PubMed:Ion-trap versus time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine. |
| PubMed:Separation and conductimetric detection of C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines on unfunctionized polymethacrylate resin columns. |
| PubMed:Effects of monoamines formed in the cecum of horses on equine digital blood vessels and platelets. |
| PubMed:Attractants fromStaphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens. |
| PubMed:Gas liquid chromatography of amines produced by the Enterobacteriaceae. |
| PubMed:[Evidence of synthesizing secondary amines from primary amines by fungi--microbiological production of methylisoamylamine and piperidine]. |
| PubMed:Environmental effects on charge densities of biologically active molecules: do molecule crystal environments indeed approximate protein surroundings? |
| PubMed:Michael acceptors as cysteine protease inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Effect of cysteine protease inhibitor Ep-475 on TNF-alpha-independent cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphosarcoma LS cells. |
| PubMed:Involvement of calpain in osteoclastic bone resorption. |
| PubMed:Crystal structures of calpain-E64 and -leupeptin inhibitor complexes reveal mobile loops gating the active site. |
| PubMed:Cysteine proteases are the major beta-secretase in the regulated secretory pathway that provides most of the beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: role of BACE 1 in the constitutive secretory pathway. |
| PubMed:Primate neurons show different vulnerability to transient ischemia and response to cathepsin inhibition. |
| PubMed:Structural basis for development of cathepsin B-specific noncovalent-type inhibitor: crystal structure of cathepsin B-E64c complex. |
| PubMed:Calpain-calpastatin: a novel, complete calcium-dependent protease system in human spermatozoa. |
| PubMed:Postictal blockade of ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates using selective cathepsin inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Striated muscle calcium-stimulated cysteine protease (calpain-like) activity promotes myeloperoxidase activity with exercise. |
| PubMed:A calcium stimulated cysteine protease involved in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy. |
| PubMed:m-calpain in rat growth plate chondrocyte cultures: its involvement in the matrix mineralization process. |
| PubMed:Retraction of cultured endothelial cell monolayer by human breast cancer cells, MCF-7. |
| PubMed:Determination of a cysteine protease inhibitor and its ethyl ester in mouse serum and muscle by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Protease inhibition causes some manifestations of aging and Alzheimer's disease in rodent and primate brain. |
| PubMed:Effects of selective inhibition of cathepsin B and general inhibition of cysteine proteinases on lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver in vivo and in vitro. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by a lipophilic inactivator of cysteine endopeptidases. |
| PubMed:A comparison between the binding modes of a substrate and inhibitor to papain as observed in complex crystal structures. |
| PubMed:Suppressive effect of E-64c on ischemic degradation of cerebral proteins following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats. |
| PubMed:Diabetic state-induced activation of calcium-activated neutral proteinase in mouse skeletal muscle. |
| PubMed:Differences in substrate specificities for cysteine proteinases used in blood group serology, and the use of bromelain in a two-phase inhibitor technique. |
| PubMed:Cathepsin L--a latent proteinase in guinea pig sperm. |
| PubMed:The role of increased proteolysis in the atrophy and arrest of proliferation in serum-deprived fibroblasts. |
| PubMed:Two-step mechanism of myofibrillar protein degradation in acute plasmocid-induced muscle necrosis. |
| PubMed:Limited benefit to genetically dystrophic chickens from a synthetic proteinase inhibitor: Ep475. |
| PubMed:A novel type of autophagy occurs together with vacuole genesis in miniprotoplasts prepared from tobacco culture cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of a cysteine protease inhibitor on Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) fecundity, egg viability, parasite burden, and size in experimentally infected sheep. |
| PubMed:Involvement of calpain and synaptotagmin Ca2+ sensors in hormone secretion from excitable endocrine cells. |
| PubMed:Cathepsin L plays an important role in the lysosomal degradation of L-lactate dehydrogenase. |
| PubMed:Relative contribution of matrix metalloprotease and cysteine protease activities to cytokine-stimulated articular cartilage degradation. |
| PubMed:A homologue of cathepsin L identified in conditioned medium from Sf9 insect cells. |
| PubMed:Entamoeba histolytica: correlation of assessment methods to measure erythrocyte digestion, and effect of cysteine proteinases inhibitors in HM-1:IMSS and HK-9:NIH strains. |
| PubMed:Differential effects of calpain inhibitors on hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. |
| PubMed:Participation of intracellular cysteine proteinases, in particular cathepsin B, in degradation of collagen in periosteal tissue explants. |
| PubMed:Both cathepsin B and cathepsin D are necessary for processing of ovalbumin as well as for degradation of class II MHC invariant chain. |
| PubMed:Effect of Ep475 on changes induced by calcium activated neutral protease on erythrocyte membrane. |
| PubMed:The inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by cysteine endopeptidase inactivators. |
| PubMed:The ATP-independent pathway in red blood cells that degrades oxidant-damaged hemoglobin. |
| PubMed:Ester and amide derivatives of E64c as inhibitors of platelet calpains. |
| PubMed:Involvement of reactive oxygen species in post-ischaemic flap necrosis and its prevention by antioxidants. |
| PubMed:Effects of the calpain inhibitor E64-d on platelet activation responses. |
| PubMed:Isolation of rod outer segments on Percoll gradients: effect of specific protease inhibition. |
| PubMed:Mode of binding of E-64-c, a potent thiol protease inhibitor, to papain as determined by X-ray crystal analysis of the complex. |
| PubMed:Morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations in livers of rodents induced by protease inhibitors: a comparison with old livers. |
| PubMed:Autodegradation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases. |
| PubMed:Cleavage site of calcium-dependent protease in human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. |
| PubMed:Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. |
| PubMed:Induction and inhibition of cathepsin B and hemoglobin-hydrolase activity in murine B16 melanoma by thiol protease inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Isolation of two forms of the high-molecular-mass serine protease, ingensin, from porcine skeletal muscle. |
| PubMed:Relation between in vivo effects and in vitro effects of serine and thiol proteinase inhibitors. |
| PubMed:The effect of an in vivo-injected thiol protease inhibitor, E-64-c, on the calcium-induced degeneration of myofilaments. |
| PubMed:Effects of cathepsin B, H, and D in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (line 413) of in vivo administration of E-64-c (N-[N-(L-3-transcarboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]-3-methyl-butylamine). |
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Widespread in fungi and higher plants e.g. apple, banana, wine grape, swede, rhubarb, porcini (Boletus edulis). Protein degradn. product. Present in bread, apple, banana, white wine, cheeses, rye and ergot
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3D/inchi