|
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00 %
|
| Heavey Metals: | <40.00 ppm |
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | Yes |
| Melting Point: | 37.00 to 39.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 263.00 to 265.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 144.00 to 145.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
|
| Congealing Point: | 35.30 °C.
|
| Acid Value: | 3.00 max. KOH/g
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.003000 mm/Hg @ 25.00 °C. |
| Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.050 |
| Shelf Life: | 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor Type: | floral |
| Odor Strength: | medium |
Odor Description: at 100.00 %. | heliotrope flower sweet powdery coconut vanilla |
| Substantivity: | 212 Hour(s) |
| | |
Cosmetic Information:
Safety Information:
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
| |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
|
| Human Experience: | 6 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | | |
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 2700 mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964)
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 2700 mg/kg (Taylor et al., 1964)
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 2700 mg/kg (Hagan et al., 1965)
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 480 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Scientific Edition. Vol. 43, Pg. 370, 1954.
oral-rat LD50 2700 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 6, Pg. 378, 1964.
intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 1500 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 16, Pg. 449, 1896.
|
| Dermal Toxicity: | | |
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0535062
skin-rat LD50 > 5 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0535062
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: | | |
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents |
| Recommendation for heliotropin usage levels up to: | | | 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 1500.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 3200.00 (μg/capita/day) |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | 18.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 6.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | 36.00000 |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | 7.00000 |
| fruit ices: | - | 7.00000 |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 5.80000 |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | 7.40000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
| European Food Safety Athority(efsa): | Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| Flavor & Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) reference(s): |
| The FEMA GRAS assessment of hydroxyl- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives used as flavor ingredients.View pdf |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 20 (FGE.20): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 52 (FGE.52): Consideration of hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 54 (FGE.54)[1] - Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
Flavouring Group Evaluation 54, Revision 1 (FGE.54Rev1): Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20Rev1 (2009) View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: | View |
| Chemicalize.org: | Calculate predicted properties |
| ECHA Data Sheet: | View |
| NLM Hazardous Substances Data Bank: | Search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System: | Search |
| Cancer Citations: | Search |
| Toxicology Citations: | Search |
| Env. Mutagen Info. Center: | Search |
| National Toxicology Program: | Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA): | 120-57-0 |
| EPA ACToR: | Toxicology Data |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: | Data |
| WGK Germany: | 2 |
| | 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde |
| DTP/NCI: | 26826 |
| Chemidplus: | 0000120570 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO: | hazardous materials |
| RTECS: | TO1575000 for cas# 120-57-0 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Natural Occurrence in: note
Synonyms:
| | benzo[1,3]dioxole-5-carbaldehyde | | | benzo[d][1,3]dioxole-5-carbaldehyde | | 2H- | benzo[d]1,3-dioxolene-5-carbaldehyde | | 1,3- | benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde | | 2H-1,3- | benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde | | 1,3- | benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde | | 3,4- | dihydroxybenzaldehyde methylene ketal | | 3,4- | dimethylene dioxybenzaldehyde | | | dioxymethylene procatechuic aldehyde | | | dioxymethylene protocatechuic aldehyde | | | formaldehyde protechualdehyde-3,4-cyclic acetal | | 5- | formyl-1,3-benzodioxole | | | geliotropin | | | heliobase | | | heliotropin natural | | | heliotropin recrystallized extra FCC | | | heliotropine | | | heliotropine crystals | | | heliotropine crystals FCC | | | heliotropine natural | | | heliotropine synthetic | | 3,4- | methylene dioxy) benzaldehyde | | 3,4-bis( | methylene dioxy) benzaldehyde | | 3,4-( | methylene dioxy)-1,3-benzodioxole-5-benzaldehyde | | 3,4- | methylene dioxybenzaldehyde | | 3,4- | methylene protocatechuic aldehyde | | 3,4-( | methylenedioxy)benzaldehyde | | 3,4- | methylenedioxybenzaldehyde | | | piperonal | | | piperonal nat. | | | piperonaldehyde | | | piperonyl aldehyde | | | piperonylaldehyde | | | protocatechuic aldehyde methylene ether |
Articles:
| Google Patents: | Process for preparing piperonal |
| PubMed: | Can head louse repellents really work? Field studies of piperonal 2% spray. |
| J-Stage: | First Total Synthesis of Justicidone, a p-Quinone-Lignan Derivative from Justicia hyssopifolia |
| PubMed: | Piperonal prevents high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice via activation of adiponectin/AMPK pathway. |
| J-Stage: | Synthesis of Optically Active Olivil Type of Lignan from L-Arabinose Using threo-Selective Aldol Condensation as a Key Reaction |
| PubMed: | Forensic profiling of sassafras oils based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Anticancer activity and biophysical reactivity of copper complexes of 2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-N-alkylhydrazinecarbothioamides. |
| PubMed: | Enantiomeric HPLC resolution and absolute stereochemistry assignment of a new poligamain derivative. |
| PubMed: | Production of natural fragrance aromatic acids by coexpression of trans-anethole oxygenase and p-anisaldehyde dehydrogenase genes of Pseudomonas putida JYR-1 in Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and impurity profiling of MDMA prepared from commonly available starting materials. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and GC-MS analysis of a series of homologs and regioisomers of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). |
| PubMed: | Piperonal ciprofloxacin hydrazone induces growth arrest and apoptosis of human hepatocarcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. |
| PubMed: | Selective recognition of sesamol using molecularly imprinted polymers containing magnetic wollastonite. |
| PubMed: | Simultaneous determination of bioactive compounds in Piper nigrum L. and a species comparison study using HPLC-PDA. |
| PubMed: | Availability of target odor compounds from seized ecstasy tablets for canine detection. |
| PubMed: | Half-sandwich ruthenium–arene complexes with thiosemicarbazones: synthesis and biological evaluation of [(η⁶-p-cymene)Ru(piperonal thiosemicarbazones)Cl]Cl complexes. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and characterization of mixed-ligand diimine-piperonal thiosemicarbazone complexes of ruthenium(II): Biophysical investigations and biological evaluation as anticancer and antibacterial agents. |
| PubMed: | S-selective hydroxynitrile lyase from a plant Baliospermum montanum: molecular characterization of recombinant enzyme. |
| PubMed: | Total synthesis of (+)-virgatusin via AlCl3-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition. |
| PubMed: | In vitro biological studies and structural elucidation of fluoro-substituted phenyl acrylic acids. |
| PubMed: | Enhancement in sample collection for the detection of MDMA using a novel planar SPME (PSPME) device coupled to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). |
| PubMed: | Toxicological methods for tracing drug abuse: chromatographic, spectroscopic and biological characterisation of ecstasy derivatives. |
| PubMed: | Dynamic planar solid phase microextraction-ion mobility spectrometry for rapid field air sampling and analysis of illicit drugs and explosives. |
| PubMed: | Detection of piperonal emitted from polymer controlled odor mimic permeation systems utilizing Canis familiaris and solid phase microextraction-ion mobility spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | N-[(E)-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl-methyl-idene]-4-methyl-aniline. |
| PubMed: | Titanium imido complexes utilizing orthometallated derivatized acetophenone and piperonal imine ligands: synthesis, isolation, and characterization. |
| PubMed: | A combined experimental and theoretical study of the polar [3 + 2] cycloaddition of electrophilically activated carbonyl ylides with aldehydes and imines. |
| PubMed: | Adsorbed resin phase spectrophotometric determination of vanillin or/and its derivatives. |
| PubMed: | [Synthesis of pyridine-containing diacylhydrazones and study on their spectral properties]. |
| PubMed: | Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of platensimycin analogues with varying degrees of molecular complexity. |
| PubMed: | Headspace sampling and detection of cocaine, MDMA, and marijuana via volatile markers in the presence of potential interferences by solid phase microextraction-ion mobility spectrometry (SPME-IMS). |
| PubMed: | Synthesis and use of 4-peptidylhydrazido-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimides as fluorogenic histochemical substrates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I. |
| PubMed: | Silenes in organic synthesis: a concise synthesis of (+/-) -epi-picropodophyllin. |
| PubMed: | Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation of amphetamine-like drugs: application to the screening of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its synthetic precursors. |
| PubMed: | Alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) derivatives: synthesis and protective action against microvascular damages induced by ischemia/reperfusion. |
| PubMed: | Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for quantitative determination of vanillin and related phenolic compounds in Vanilla planifolia. |
| PubMed: | The fumigant and repellent activity of aliphatic lactones against Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of 7-deoxypancratistatin from carbohydrates by the use of olefin metathesis. |
| PubMed: | A study of impurities in intermediates and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) samples produced via reductive amination routes. |
| PubMed: | First total synthesis of justicidone, a p-quinone-lignan derivative from Justicia hyssopifolia. |
| PubMed: | Determination of synthesis method of ecstasy based on the basic impurities. |
| PubMed: | Chemical profiling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) tablets seized in Hong Kong. |
| PubMed: | [Succivil efficacy in endogenous intoxication]. |
| PubMed: | [Study on the spectrophotometric determination of vanadium with piperonal fluorone by atomic absorption spectrophotometer]. |
| PubMed: | [Study on the determination of iron by silica gel H phase-diffuse reflectance spectrometry]. |
| PubMed: | Bhc-diol as a photolabile protecting group for aldehydes and ketones. |
| PubMed: | Microbiologic oxidation of isosafrole into piperonal. |
| PubMed: | Concentrations of nine alkenylbenzenes, coumarin, piperonal and pulegone in Indian bidi cigarette tobacco. |
| PubMed: | [Comparative evaluation of antioxidant properties of neoselen and berberin in chronic heliotrinal hepatitis]. |
| PubMed: | [Morphological features of the thymus in heliotrin hepatitis upon administration of immunostimulators]. |
| PubMed: | A short synthesis of (+/-)-epiasarinin. |
| PubMed: | Antioxidant properties of 8.0.4'-neolignans. |
| PubMed: | Asymmetric Synthesis of Sesaminone: Confirmation of Its Structure and Determination of Its Absolute Configuration. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis of optically active olivil type of lignan from L-arabinose using threo-selective aldol condensation as a key reaction. |
| PubMed: | Histochemical method for dipeptidyl aminopeptidase II with a new anthraquinonyl hydrazide substrate. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of perftoran on the biochemical detoxication parameters in rats with an acute toxic lesion of the liver]. |
| PubMed: | Enzyme-assisted asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-podophyllotoxin and (-)-picropodophyllin. |
| PubMed: | Quantitation of flavor-related alkenylbenzenes in tobacco smoke particulate by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | [The effect of immunomudulin on the structural-functional status of the organs of the immune and hematopoietic systems in chronic toxic hepatitis]. |
| PubMed: | Solid phase microextraction of alkenylbenzenes and other flavor-related compounds from tobacco for analysis by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed: | Specificity and sensitivity of a human olfactory receptor functionally expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and Xenopus Laevis oocytes. |
| PubMed: | Cloning, functional expression and characterization of a human olfactory receptor. |
| PubMed: | An Asymmetric Synthesis of L-694,458, a Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitor, via Novel Enzyme Resolution of beta-Lactam Esters. |
| PubMed: | Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of natural and synthetic curcuminoids. |
| PubMed: | Synthesis, anti-GABA activity and preferred conformation of bicuculline and norbicuculline enantiomers. |
| PubMed: | Fragrance administration to reduce anxiety during MR imaging. |
| PubMed: | Head louse repellents. |
| PubMed: | Arena tests with piperonal, a new louse repellent. |
| PubMed: | New head louse repellent. |
| PubMed: | [Contamination in illegal amphetamine. Contaminants resulting from the synthesis of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine (MDA) via condensation between nitroethane and piperonal]. |
| PubMed: | [Synthesis of derivatives of 2,4-bis(arylmethino)-8-butyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one]. |
| PubMed: | Determination of coumarin as an adulterant in vanilla flavoring products by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed: | Metabolic disposition of piperine in the rat. |
| PubMed: | Inhibition of rabbit nasal and hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) N-demethylase by methylenedioxyphenyl compounds. |
| PubMed: | Chemosensitivity of lobster,Homarus americanus, to secondary plant compounds: Unused receptor capabilities. |
| PubMed: | Metabolism of piperonal and piperonyl alcohol in the rat with special reference to the scission of the methylenedioxy group. |
| PubMed: | The inhibition of rat nasal cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase by the essence heliotropin (piperonal). |
| PubMed: | Genotoxicity of safrole-related chemicals in microbial test systems. |
| PubMed: | The metabolism of some food additives related to piperonal in the rabbit. |
| PubMed: | Quantitative determination of chlorpromazine. HCl in tablets, spansules, injectables, and bulk chemical by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |
| PubMed: | [The mechanism of centrolobular hepatic necrosis in acute heliotropin poisoning]. |
| PubMed: | [Changes in the antigenic composition of the rat liver in acute and chronic heliotropin poisoning]. |
| PubMed: | [AUTOANTIGENICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER DISEASES (ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OFTHE SERUM IN HELIOTROPIN-INDUCED HEPATITIS)]. |
| PubMed: | Correlation of piperonal test values for aromatic compounds with the atmospheric concentration of benzo(A)pyrene. |
| PubMed: | [ON THE SYNTHESIS OF PIPERONAL]. |
|
click on the picture(s) below to interact with the 3D model |
|
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | benzyl benzoate | | | dipropylene glycol | | | fixed oils | | | isopropyl myristate | | | propylene glycol | | | water, 3500 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | paraffin oil | | | water | | | glycerin |
| Stability: |
| | bath foam | | | hair spray | | | powder | | | soap |
|