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styrax resinoid (liquidambar styraciflua)
liquidambar styraciflua resinoid

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Fragrance Demo Formulas
Flavor Demo Formulas
CAS Number: 8046-19-3
ECHA EC Number:232-458-4
FDA UNII: P41GWD11CX
Also Contains:liquidambar styraciflua balsam extract
Category: flavor and fragrance agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
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Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart F--Flavoring Agents and Related Substances
Sec. 172.510 Natural flavoring substances and natural substances used in conjunction with flavors.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:amber to amber brown semi-liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:0.98600 to 0.99000 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.205 to 8.238
Refractive Index:1.53250 to 1.53900 @ 20.00 °C.
Flash Point:> 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage:store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water, 2911 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:
 water
Stability:
 cream
 hair spray
 lotion
 powder
 shampoo
 soap
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: balsamic
Odor Strength:medium
Substantivity:400 hour(s) at 100.00 %
sweet balsamic styrene woody amber
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. sweet balsamic styrene woody amber
Luebke, William tgsc, (1995)
Odor sample from: Charabot & Co., Inc.
Flavor Type: balsamic
storax balsamic spicy woody
Taste Description: storax balsamic spicy woody
Luebke, William tgsc, (1995)
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
Firmenich
STYRAX HONDURAS RES for fragrance
Odor Description:rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Styrax is known to be used as a fixative. It enhances compositions with chypre and oriental notes.
Firmenich
STYRAX HONDURAS RES NEUTRALISE for fragrance
Odor Description:rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Styrax is known to be used as a fixative. It enhances compositions with chypre and oriental notes.
Firmenich
STYRAX RES ALC Kosher for flavor
Odor Description:balsamic styrene
Taste Description:Balsamic, spicy, woody
Useful flavor creation of brown notes and some fruits
IFF
Styrax Resinoid Low Styrene
Odor Description:Fresh smooth top note on a sweet balsamic undertone. Note leathery with a floral liliac aspect
Taste Description:storax balsamic spicy woody
Firmenich
STYRAX RES Kosher for flavor
Odor Description:rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Taste Description:Balsamic spicy woody
At a low dosage, it enhances the perception of sweetness and mouthfeel
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Albert Vieille SAS
Styrax Resinoid Honduras
Odor: balsamic
Use: Styrax is a tree belonging to the Liquidambar genus. Its name comes from the Latin liquidus and the Arabic ambar, meaning "liquid amber" in reference to the very fragrant gum it exudes when cut. Two varieties of styrax are used in perfumery: Asian styrax, or Liquidambar orientalis, and American styrax, or Liquidambar styraciflua, which we offer. This monumental tree grows naturally in dense tropical forests in the Olancho Mountains of Honduras. It is also found in Guatemala, Mexico, and El Salvador. Styrax is harvested from April to November, and only by the Pech tribe in Honduras. The collectors make cavity-shaped incisions in the trunk to initiate the flow and in which the precious amber liquid accumulates. A mature tree produces between six and eight kilograms of styrax resin. One month after the incision, the styrax is soaked up in cloths. It is then filtered to remove impurities before being turned into essential oil by steam distillation, and into resinoid by ethanol extraction. The distillation yield of 15-20% of purified resin is much lower than the extraction yield of around 60-75%. Its pleasant balsamic smell with a bitter almond note is complemented by a cinnamic quality that evokes cinnamon. With a very modern, plastic quality, styrax is characterized by its leathery note. Subtle notes of pinkish white flowers and fruit add an overall sweetness.
Harvest Calendar
Argeville
STYRAX RESINOID
Associate Allied Chemicals
Styrax Resinoid
About
Augustus Oils
Styrax Resinoid
Services
Charabot
Styrax resinoid alcoholic
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher
Odor: Leather, woody, animalic, balsamic, floral
Diffusions Aromatiques
STYRAX RESINOIDE NEUTRALISE R815
Odor: fr/produit/styrax-resinoide-neutralise-r815/
Diffusions Aromatiques
STYRAX RESINOIDE SUPER
Diffusions Aromatiques
STYRAX RESINOIDE
ECSA Chemicals
STYRAX HONDURAS USP
ECSA TRADE THE MOST UPDATED FINANCIAL PUBLICATION ON THE WORLD OF CHEMISTRY
Ernesto Ventós
RESINOIDE STYRAX
Ernesto Ventós
STYRAX RESINOID 50% MMB
Ernesto Ventós
STYRAX RESINOID IFF
Ernesto Ventós
STYRAX RESINOIDE FIRMENICH 983834
Odor: SWEET, BALSAMIC, FLORAL, SPICY
Fine Fragrances Pvt Ltd
Styrax Resinoid Low styrene LMR
Fine Fragrances Pvt Ltd
Styrax Resinoid Pure
Firmenich
STYRAX HONDURAS RES NEUTRALISE
for fragrance
Odor: rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Use: Styrax is known to be used as a fixative. It enhances compositions with chypre and oriental notes.
Firmenich
STYRAX HONDURAS RES VULCAIN
for fragrance
Odor: rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Use: The VULCAIN range (Pyrogenized) is developed by Firmenich Natural Ingredients Innovation Center and offers a collection of wider and more intense notes than those of the original extracts. They provide a technical solution in the range of leathery notes with a great olfactory potential, and thus a use at very low dosage.
Firmenich
STYRAX HONDURAS RES
for fragrance
Odor: rich, sweet, balsam-like, floral and spicy
Use: Styrax is known to be used as a fixative. It enhances compositions with chypre and oriental notes.
Firmenich
STYRAX RES ALC Kosher
for flavor
Flavor: Balsamic, spicy, woody
Useful flavor creation of brown notes and some fruits
Firmenich
STYRAX RES Kosher
for flavor
Flavor: Balsamic spicy woody
At a low dosage, it enhances the perception of sweetness and mouthfeel
Global Essence
Styrax Resinoid
IFF
Styrax Resinoid Low Styrene
Odor: Fresh smooth top note on a sweet balsamic undertone. Note leathery with a floral liliac aspect
Indukern F&F
STYRAX RESINOID
Odor: SWEET, BALSAMIC
K.L. Koh Enterprise
STYRAX RESINOID
Keva
RESINOID STYRAX S
Lluch Essence
STYRAX RESINOID
Mane
Styrax Alcoholic Resinoid
Odor: Balsamic Resinous Gourmand
Use: The names Storax Honduras, Storax American, Sweet Gum are generic synonyms of the products derived from L. styraciflua (native of the Atlantic coast from Connecticut to Central America). This Honduran gum is harvested in the wild through tapping. Since the 19th century, the gum and the extracts are used in the fragrance industry as a fixative and a bottom note. In perfumery, Styrax essential oil is mostly used in chypre and oriental compounds.
Moellhausen
STYRAX RESINOID
Payand Betrand
Styrax Resinoid France
Quimdis
Styrax Resinoide
Reincke & Fichtner
Styrax Resinoid (liquidambar Styraciflua)
Robertet
Styrax Honduras Resinoid (for fragrance)
Seasons and Harvest / Crop calendar
Robertet
STYRAX HONDURAS
Pure & Nat
Robertet
Styrax resinoid alcoholic
100% Pure & Natural, Kosher
Odor: Leather, woody, animalic, balsamic, floral
SRS Aromatics
STYRAX RESINOID (FG)
SRS Aromatics
STYRAX RESINOID
Taytonn ASCC
Styrax Resinoid
The Lermond Company
STYRAX RESINOID, HONDURAS P&N - AV
Zanos
Styrax Resinoid
 
Safety Information:
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization
IFRA fragrance material specification:
 Crude gums of Liquidambar styraficula L. var. macrophylla or Liquidambar orientalis Mill. should not be used as fragrance ingredients: Only extracts or distillates (resinoids, absolutes and oils), prepared from exudations of Liquidambar styraciflua L. var. macrophylla or Liquidambar orientalis Mill., can be used.This recommendation is made in order to promote good manufacturing practice (GMP) for the use of styrax derivatives as fragrance ingredients. It is based on a wide variety of RIFM test data with gums, resinoids, absolutes and oils of American and Asian styrax (private communication to IFRA).
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
benzyl alcohol Max. Found: <0.20 % and Reason: Sensitization
benzyl cinnamate Max. Found: <2.50 % and Reason: Sensitization
cinnamyl alcohol Max. Found: <4.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
 View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
0.12 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.034 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
0.69 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
0.64 %
 Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
0.16 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
0.38 %
 Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
1.30 %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
1.30 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
0.068 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
1.30 %
 Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
4.50 %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
4.50 %
 Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
2.50 %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
2.50 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
 Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:

Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

 
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
Daily Med:search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8046-19-3
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WGK Germany:1
liquidambar styraciflua resinoid
Chemidplus:0008046193
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
 
References:
 liquidambar styraciflua resinoid
Canada Domestic Sub. List:8046-19-3
Pubchem (sid):135303077
 
Other Information:
Export Tariff Code:3301.30.0000
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
For Odor
No odor group found for these
homalomena aromatica root oil
FR
aldehydic
aldehydic
aldehydic fragrance
FR
amber
(Z)-
abienol
FL/FR
acetoxymethyl isolongifolene
FR
amber acetate
FR
amber butanol
FR
amber carane
FR
amber cyclohexanol
FR
amber floral fragrance
FR
amber specialty
FR
ambermax 50 (Givaudan)
FR
formoxymethyl isolongifolene
FR
hydroxymethyl isolongifolene 50% in dpg
FR
labdanum absolute
FL/FR
balsamic
iso
amyl cinnamate
FL/FR
amyl cinnamate
FL/FR
sumatra
benzoin gum
FL/FR
benzyl cinnamate
FL/FR
alpha-
bisabolene
FL/FR
(E)-
cinnamic acid
FL/FR
cinnamic acid
FL/FR
cinnamyl alcohol replacer
FR
clover nitrile
FR
copaiba balsam oil
FL/FR
fir carboxylate
FR
guaiacyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
liquidambar orientalis balsam extract
FL/FR
liquidambar styraciflua balsam extract
FL/FR
mastic gum resin
FR
alpha-
methyl cinnamyl alcohol
FR
methyl hydrogenated rosinate
FR
opoponax resin (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engler)
FL/FR
opoponax resinoid replacer
FR
oriental specialty
FR
peru balsam absolute
FL/FR
2-
phenoxyethyl formate
FR
3-
phenyl propyl acetate
FL/FR
sclareol
FL/FR
styrax absolute (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax absolute (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
styrax oil (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax oil (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
styrax oil replacer
FR
styrax resin (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax resin (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
styrax resinoid (liquidambar orientalis)
FR
styrax resinoid replacer
FR
styrax speciality
FR
citrus
bergamot fragrance
FR
bergamot oil replacer
FR
bergamot specialty
FR
dusty
woody furan
FR
floral
iso
butyl salicylate
FL/FR
cananga fragrance
FR
cardamom absolute
FL/FR
carnation concrete
FR
carnation fragrance
FR
cassia blossom fragrance
FR
cestrum nocturnum flower oil
FR
clove blossom fragrance
FR
coffee flower absolute
FR
daffodil fragrance
FR
dianthus fragrance
FR
iso
eugenyl ethyl acetal
FR
geranium oil bourbon
FL/FR
ginger lily fragrance
FR
jasmin absolute italy (from concrete)
FL/FR
jasmin absolute replacer
FR
lavender oil
FL/FR
lavender oil replacer
FR
lilac fragrance
FR
lilac specialty
FR
ortho-
methoxybenzyl ethyl ether
FR
bitter
orange flower absolute CO2 extract
FL/FR
orris pyridine 25% IPM
FR
phenethyl propionate
FL/FR
rhodinol
FL/FR
rosa damascena flower oil
FL/FR
rosa damascena flower oil CO2 extract
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia)
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa centifolia) egypt
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) bulgaria
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) iran
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey
FL/FR
rose oil replacer
FR
tuberose absolute chassis
FL/FR
tuberose absolute replacer
FR
ylang ylang flower absolute
FL/FR
jasmin absolute (jasminum flexile)
FR
fruity
balsam specialty
FR
marigold absolute (tagetes glandulifera)
FR
green
green
cognac oil
FL/FR
marigold pot absolute
FL/FR
marigold pot flower
CS
3-
phenyl propionaldehyde
FL/FR
herbal
agate fragrance
FR
(+)-alpha-
campholenic aldehyde
FL/FR
coriander seed absolute
FL/FR
american
elder flower absolute
FR
herbal fragrance
FR
herbal specialty
FR
lavender fragrance
FR
lavender specialty
FR
romanal
FR
rose oil (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
sunflower oil
FL/FR
minty
ethyl salicylate
FL/FR
mossy
moss fragrance
FR
moss specialty
FR
musk
musk amberol
FR
musk fragrance
FR
musk indanone
FR
musk specialty
FR
oily
mcp acetate
FR
powdery
midnight passion fragrance
FR
spicy
acacia fragrance
FR
angelica seed absolute
FL/FR
homo
anisaldehyde
FL/FR
cananga leaf oil
FR
carnation specialty
FR
cinnamaldehyde / methyl anthranilate schiff's base
FR
(Z)-
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
(E)-
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR
dianthus ethone
FR
floral spice fragrance
FR
hollyberry fragrance
FR
mace oleoresin
FL/FR
maja fragrance
FR
para-
methoxy-alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
(E)-para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
origanum majorana leaf oil
FL/FR
spicy acetoacetate
FL/FR
terpenic
angelica seed oil
FL/FR
woody
acetyl cedrene
FR
amber carbinol
FR
amber dioxane
FR
amber formate
FR
amber pentadecane
FR
amber woody specialty
FR
atlas
cedarwood oil fractions
FR
cedarwood oil texas fractions
FR
alpha-
cedrene epoxide
FR
cedryl formate
FR
chamaecyparis nootkatensis wood oil
FR
dihydro-beta-ionol
FL/FR
dragons blood fragrance
FR
frankincense resinoid replacer
FR
georgywood
FR
hydroxyambran
FR
melozol acetate
FR
2-
methoxy-4-vinyl phenol
FL/FR
methyl methylene tricyclodecanol acetate
FR
(4aR,5R,7aS,9R)-
octahydro-2,2,5,8,8,9a-hexamethyl-4h-4a,9-methanoazuleno(5,6-d)-1,3-dioxole
FR
patchouli woody amber fragrance
FR
rhubarb oxirane
FR
tetramethyl-4-methylene-2-heptanol
FR
tobacarol (IFF)
FR
vetiver specialty
FR
woody amber fragrance
FR
woody amber specialty
FR
woody dioxolane
FR
woody nonane (ethoxy)
FR
For Flavor
No flavor group found for these
homo
anisaldehyde
FL/FR
alpha-
bisabolene
FL/FR
(E)-
cinnamic acid
FL/FR
cinnamic acid
FL/FR
(Z)-
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
(E)-
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
dihydro-beta-ionol
FL/FR
2-
heptyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid
FL
para-
methoxy-alpha-methyl cinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
(E)-para-
methoxycinnamaldehyde
FL/FR
bitter
orange flower absolute CO2 extract
FL/FR
origanum majorana leaf oil
FL/FR
amber
amber
angelica seed oil
FL/FR
labdanum absolute
FL/FR
balsamic
amyl cinnamate
FL/FR
sumatra
benzoin gum
FL/FR
copaiba balsam oil
FL/FR
liquidambar orientalis balsam extract
FL/FR
liquidambar styraciflua balsam extract
FL/FR
opoponax resin (commiphora erythraea var. glabrescens engler)
FL/FR
peru balsam absolute
FL/FR
3-
phenyl propyl acetate
FL/FR
styrax absolute (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax absolute (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
styrax gum (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL
styrax oil (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax oil (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
styrax resin (liquidambar orientalis)
FL/FR
styrax resin (liquidambar styraciflua)
FL/FR
cooling
iso
butyl salicylate
FL/FR
floral
iso
amyl cinnamate
FL/FR
cardamom absolute
FL/FR
cinnamyl propionate
FL/FR
geranium oil bourbon
FL/FR
jasmin absolute italy (from concrete)
FL/FR
phenethyl propionate
FL/FR
rhodinol
FL/FR
rosa damascena flower oil
FL/FR
rosa damascena flower oil CO2 extract
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia)
FL/FR
rose absolute (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa centifolia) egypt
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) bulgaria
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) iran
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa damascena) turkey
FL/FR
tuberose absolute chassis
FL/FR
ylang ylang flower absolute
FL/FR
fusel
green
cognac oil
FL/FR
green
(+)-alpha-
campholenic aldehyde
FL/FR
marigold pot absolute
FL/FR
3-
phenyl propionaldehyde
FL/FR
herbal
coriander seed absolute
FL/FR
lavender oil
FL/FR
rose oil (rosa centifolia) morocco
FL/FR
sunflower oil
FL/FR
minty
ethyl salicylate
FL/FR
phenolic
guaiacyl phenyl acetate
FL/FR
smoky
2-
methoxy-4-vinyl phenol
FL/FR
spicy
angelica seed absolute
FL/FR
benzyl cinnamate
FL/FR
cinnamyl acetate
FL/FR
mace oleoresin
FL/FR
4-
methyl biphenyl
FL
spicy acetoacetate
FL/FR
woody
(Z)-
abienol
FL/FR
sclareol
FL/FR
 
Potential Uses:
FRacacia
FLalmond
FRamber
FRbalsam
FRbouquet
FRcassie
FRcastoreum
FRhancornia
FRhoneysuckle
FRhyacinth
FLjasmin
FRjonquil
FRleather russian leather
FRlilac
FRlinden flower
 lux beauty shower soap
FLmimosa
FRscented stock
FRwallflower
FRwoody
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 liquidambar styraciflua
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 liquidambar styraciflua resinoid
 storax resinoid (liquidambar styraciflua)
 styrax honduras
 styrax honduras resinoid (for fragrance) (Robertet)
 styrax resinoid
 styrax resinoid 100
 styrax resinoid alcoholic
 styrax resinoid honduras
 styrax resinoid low styrene LMR (IFF)
 styrax resinoide pour agarbatties
 

Articles:

PubMed:Phylogeography of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) in Mesoamerica: survivors of a Neogene widespread temperate forest (or cloud forest) in North America?
PubMed:Trends in seedling growth and carbon-use efficiency vary among broadleaf tree species along a latitudinal transect in eastern North America.
PubMed:Variations of the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils from leaves and stems of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae).
PubMed:Nematode Genera in Forest Soil Respond Differentially to Elevated CO2.
PubMed:Stored carbon partly fuels fine-root respiration but is not used for production of new fine roots.
PubMed:Southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, antennal and behavioral responses to nonhost leaf and bark volatiles.
PubMed:The effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization on stomatal conductance estimated from 11 years of scaled sap flux measurements at Duke FACE.
PubMed:Elevated CO₂ increases tree-level intrinsic water use efficiency: insights from carbon and oxygen isotope analyses in tree rings across three forest FACE sites.
PubMed:Plasticity in bundle sheath extensions of heterobaric leaves.
PubMed:Complete genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2.
PubMed:Leaf respiratory acclimation to climate: comparisons among boreal and temperate tree species along a latitudinal transect.
PubMed:Litterfall 15N abundance indicates declining soil nitrogen availability in a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment.
PubMed:Elevated CO₂ enhances leaf senescence during extreme drought in a temperate forest.
PubMed:[Detecting leaf and twig temperature of some trees by using thermography].
PubMed:CO2 enhancement of forest productivity constrained by limited nitrogen availability.
PubMed:Variable conductivity and embolism in roots and branches of four contrasting tree species and their impacts on whole-plant hydraulic performance under future atmospheric CO₂ concentration.
PubMed:Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.): extraction of shikimic acid coupled to dilute acid pretreatment.
PubMed:Isotopic evidences for microbiologically mediated and direct C input to soil compounds from three different leaf litters during their decomposition.
PubMed:Thermal acclimation of photosynthesis: a comparison of boreal and temperate tree species along a latitudinal transect.
PubMed:Belowground fate of (15)N injected into sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua) at the ORNL FACE Experiment.
PubMed:Combined effects of elevated CO2 and natural climatic variation on leaf spot diseases of redbud and sweetgum trees.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of benzyl benzoate and its derivatives on angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
PubMed:Phylogeographical structure and temporal complexity in American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua; Altingiaceae).
PubMed:Influence of bark pH on the occurrence and distribution of tree canopy myxomycete species.
PubMed:CO2 enrichment increases carbon and nitrogen input from fine roots in a deciduous forest.
PubMed:Immunocytochemical characterization of tension wood: Gelatinous fibers contain more than just cellulose.
PubMed:An isotopic method for testing the influence of leaf litter quality on carbon fluxes during decomposition.
PubMed:Long-term CO2 enrichment of a forest ecosystem: implications for forest regeneration and succession.
PubMed:Urbanization affects stream ecosystem function by altering hydrology, chemistry, and biotic richness.
PubMed:Nitrogen uptake, distribution, turnover, and efficiency of use in a CO2-enriched sweetgum forest.
PubMed:Phylogeny and biogeography of Altingiaceae: evidence from combined analysis of five non-coding chloroplast regions.
PubMed:Responses of floodplain forest species to spatially condensed gradients: a test of the flood-shade tolerance tradeoff hypothesis.
PubMed:Evaporation of intercepted precipitation from fruit litter of Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum) in a clearing as a function of meteorological conditions.
PubMed:Radiation-use efficiency and gas exchange responses to water and nutrient availability in irrigated and fertilized stands of sweetgum and sycamore.
PubMed:Phloem loading. A reevaluation of the relationship between plasmodesmatal frequencies and loading strategies.
PubMed:Biology and management of insect pests in North American intensively managed hardwood forest systems.
PubMed:Insect herbivory in an intact forest understory under experimental CO2 enrichment.
PubMed:Liquidambar styraciflua.
PubMed:Leaf dynamics of a deciduous forest canopy: no response to elevated CO2.
PubMed:Genotypic effects of fertilization on seedling sweetgum biomass allocation, N uptake, and N use efficiency.
PubMed:Regional assessment of ozone sensitive tree species using bioindicator plants.
PubMed:Combinatorial modification of multiple lignin traits in trees through multigene cotransformation.
PubMed:Canopy conductance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus phellos under varying atmospheric and soil water conditions.
PubMed:Nutritional ecology of the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): growth and survival of incipient colonies feeding on preferred wood species.
PubMed:Leaf senescence and late-season net photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves of overstory sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grown in elevated and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations.
PubMed:Leaf respiration at different canopy positions in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grown in ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in the field.
PubMed:Optical properties of intact leaves for estimating chlorophyll concentration.
PubMed:Host compatibility of the cloud forest mistletoe Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Loranthaceae) in Central Veracruz, Mexico.
PubMed:Nutritional ecology of the formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): feeding response to commercial wood species.
PubMed:Influence of elevated CO2 and mycorrhizae on nitrogen acquisition: contrasting responses in Pinus taeda and Liquidambar styraciflua.
PubMed:Production efficiency of loblolly pine and sweetgum in response to four years of intensive management.
PubMed:5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde modulates enzymatic methylation for syringyl monolignol formation, a new view of monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms.
PubMed:Effects of CO2 enrichment on the photosynthetic light response of sun and shade leaves of canopy sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) in a forest ecosystem.
PubMed:Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms.
PubMed:The roles of seedling salt tolerance and resprouting in forest zonation on thewest coast of Florida, USA.
PubMed:Differential leaf resistance to insects of transgenic sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) expressing tobacco anionic peroxidase.
PubMed:Responses of loblolly pine, sweetgum and crab grass roots to localized increases in nitrogen in two watering regimes.
PubMed:Long- and short-term flooding effects on survival and sink-source relationships of swamp-adapted tree species.
PubMed:Isoprene emission, photosynthesis, and growth in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) seedlings exposed to short- and long-term drying cycles.
PubMed:A community classification system for forest evaluation: Development, validation, and extrapolation.
PubMed:Effects of light, temperature and canopy position on net photosynthesis and isoprene emission from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) leaves.
PubMed:Transformation of Liquidambar styraciflua using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
PubMed:Pasteuria sp. Parasitizing Trophonema okamotoi in Florida.
PubMed:Distribution, Hosts, and Morphological Characteristics of Tylenchulus palustris in Florida and Bermuda.
PubMed:The Leaf Oil of Liquidambar styraciflua.
PubMed:Sucrose metabolic pathways in sweetgum and pecan seedlings.
PubMed:Long-term elevation of atmospheric CO(2) concentration and the carbon exchange rates of saplings of Pinus taeda L. and Liquidambar styraciflua L.
PubMed:Effects of Quantum Flux Density on Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Tissue-Cultured Plantlets and Seedlings of Liquidambar styraciflua L. towards Improved Acclimatization and Field Survival.
PubMed:Parasitic Habits of Trophotylenchulus floridensis (Tylenchulidae) and its Taxonomic Relationship to Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Allied Species.
PubMed:Nematodes Parasitic on Forest Trees: III. Reproduction on Selected Hardwoods.
 
Notes:
Direct alcohol extraction gives a resin absolute. tsca definition 2008: extractives and their physically modified derivatives. it consists primarily of resins, essential oils, and usually cinnamic and benzoic acids. (liquidambar styraciflua, hamamelidaceae).
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