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polydextrose
D-glucose polymer reaction product with citric acid and sorbitol

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CAS Number: 68424-04-4
FDA UNII: VH2XOU12IE
Category:bulking agents, formulation aids, humectants, and texturizers
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
GRN 107 Polydextrose View - notice PDF
GRN 233 Combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and polydextrose View - notice PDF
JECFA Food Additive: Polydextroses
GSFA Codex: Polydextroses (1200)
DG SANTE Food Additives:polydextrose
FDA Mainterm (SATF):68424-04-4 ; POLYDEXTROSE
FDA Regulation:
FDA PART 172 -- FOOD ADDITIVES PERMITTED FOR DIRECT ADDITION TO FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION
Subpart I--Multipurpose Additives
Sec. 172.841 Polydextrose.
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white to tan powder (est)
Assay: 90.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 110.00 to 130.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Soluble in:
 water, 80g/100ml water @ 20 °C (exp)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Type: odorless
Odor Strength:none
odorless
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. odorless
Flavor Type: acidic
acidic
Taste Description: slightly acidic
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: bulking agents
humectants
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Polydextrose
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
Polydextrose
Farbest-Tallman Foods
Litesse® II Super Improved Polydextrose FCC - Solution
Flavor: clean
Litesse II* 70% Aqueous Solution is a clear, colorless, viscous aqueous solution of super improved polydextrose containing about 70% solids. It has a bland taste and is practically odorless. It is a randomly bonded condensation polymer of D-glucose with some bound sorbitol and a suitable acid.
Farbest-Tallman Foods
Litesse® II Super Improved Polydextrose FCC – Powder
Flavor: clean
Litesse II Powder is a white to cream colored powder with a clean taste and high water solubility. Litesse II Powder has a high viscosity. Litesse II powder contains low amounts of reducing sugars. Litesse II Powder is a randomly bonded condensation polymer of D-glucose with some bound sorbitol and a suitable acid.
Farbest-Tallman Foods
Litesse® Ultra™ (Refined Polydextrose FCC) Powder
Flavor: clean
Litesse Ultra™ Powder (refined polydextrose) is a fine white powder with a very clean taste and a high solubility in water. The Reducing Sugar of the Litesse Ultra™ Powder is negligible (max 0.25%). Litesse Ultra™ Powder (refined polydextrose) is a randomly bonded condensation polymer of D-glucose with some bound sorbitol and a suitable acid.
Farbest-Tallman Foods
Litesse® Ultra™ (Refined Polydextrose FCC) Solution
Flavor: clean
Litesse Ultra™ 70% Aqueous Solution is a clear, colorless, odorless and viscous solution of super improved polydextrose containing about 70% solids. It is a randomly bonded condensation polymer of D-glucose with some bound sorbitol and a suitable acid.
Foodchem International
Polydextrose
Kraft Chemical
Polydextrose
Sinofi Food Ingredients
Polydextrose
Flavor: characteristic
Chewing Gum, Dairy Products, Confections, Baking Food, Yogurt, Desserts, Alcoholic Beverages, Beverage Powder, Gelatins, Puddings, Ice Cream, Pharmaceutical, Bulking Agent, Texturizer, Humectant, Stabilizer, Food Thickener, Reduced-Calorie Food, Frostings, Salad Dressings, Frozen Desserts, Fillings, Hard and Soft Candy.
Tate & Lyle
Polydextrose
Food and Beverage
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
bulking agents, formulation aids, humectants, and texturizers
Recommendation for polydextrose usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for polydextrose flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Polydextrose and maintenance of normal defecation: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
View page or View pdf

Re-evaluation of polydextrose (E 1200) as a food additive
View page or View pdf

ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):68424-04-4
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
Chemidplus:0068424044
 
References:
Canada Domestic Sub. List:68424-04-4
Pubchem (sid):135340981
 
Other Information:
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
FooDB:FDB010093
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 humectants
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
D-glucose polymer reaction product with citric acid and sorbitol
dextro-glucose polymer reaction product with citric acid and sorbitol
 litesse ultra (refined polydextrose FCC) powder
 litesse ultra (refined polydextrose FCC) solution
litesse II super improved polydextrose FCC - solution
litesse II super improved polydextrose FCC – powder
rightfiber polydextrose type I
 

Articles:

PubMed:Postprandial effects of polydextrose on satiety hormone responses and subjective feelings of appetite in obese participants.
PubMed:Fermentation Pattern of Infant Formulas Containing Different Prebiotics.
PubMed:Prebiotics in infant formula.
PubMed:Fiber supplementation influences phylogenetic structure and functional capacity of the human intestinal microbiome: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed:Effects of polydextrose on different levels of energy intake. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
PubMed:Synthesis, characterisation and microbial utilisation of amorphous polysugars from lactose.
PubMed:Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and prebiotic prevent neonatal inflammation-induced visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of the relative available energy of several dietary fiber preparations using breath hydrogen evolution in healthy humans.
PubMed:Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of polydextrose and identification of structure and function.
PubMed:Impact of dietary polydextrose fiber on the human gut metabolome.
PubMed:Effect of yogurt containing polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study in chronic constipation.
PubMed:Modification to AOAC official methods 2009.01 and 2011.25 to allow for minor overestimation of low molecular weight soluble dietary fiber in samples containing starch.
PubMed:Adherence inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii to intestinal epithelial cells by lactoferrin.
PubMed:Why dietary supplements?
PubMed:Stability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in prebiotic edible films.
PubMed:The fermentation of polydextrose in the large intestine and its beneficial effects.
PubMed:Snacks containing whey protein and polydextrose induce a sustained reduction in daily energy intake over 2 wk under free-living conditions.
PubMed:Effects of extruded whole maize, polydextrose and cellulose as sources of fibre on calcium bioavailability and metabolic parameters of growing Wistar rats.
PubMed:Effect of polydextrose on physicochemical properties of threadfin bream (Nemipterus spp) surimi during frozen storage.
PubMed:Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed:Effects of early prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on development of gut microbiota and fussing and crying in preterm infants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
PubMed:Effect of polydextrose and soluble maize fibre on energy metabolism, metabolic profile and appetite control in overweight men and women.
PubMed:Betaine supplementation causes increase in carnitine metabolites in the muscle and liver of mice fed a high-fat diet as studied by nontargeted LC-MS metabolomics approach.
PubMed:Effect of a glassy gellan/polydextrose matrix on the activity of α-D-glucosidase.
PubMed:Mode of delivery and early nutrition modulate microbial colonization and fermentation products in neonatal piglets.
PubMed:Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits.
PubMed:Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and non-digestible oligosaccharides reduce dermatitis in mice.
PubMed:Phase behaviour of gelatin/polydextrose mixtures at high levels of solids.
PubMed:Polydextrose and soluble corn fiber increase five-day fecal wet weight in healthy men and women.
PubMed:Polydextrose results in a dose-dependent reduction in ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent test meal.
PubMed:Selective carbohydrate utilization by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria.
PubMed:Structural studies on matrices of deacylated gellan with polydextrose.
PubMed:Investigation on the phase behaviour of gelatin/agarose mixture in an environment of reduced solvent quality.
PubMed:Transcriptional analysis of prebiotic uptake and catabolism by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM.
PubMed:Nutritional factors influencing intestinal health of the neonate.
PubMed:Analysis on the effectiveness of co-solute on the network integrity of high methoxy pectin.
PubMed:Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of burger made from duck surimi-like material.
PubMed:Consuming polydextrose in a mid-morning snack increases acute satiety measurements and reduces subsequent energy intake at lunch in healthy human subjects.
PubMed:Development of low-calorie guava preserves with prebiotics and evaluation of their effects on carcinogenesis biomarkers in rats.
PubMed:Polydextrose: its impact on short-term food intake and subjective feelings of satiety in males-a randomized controlled cross-over study.
PubMed:Freeze-thaw stability of duck surimi-like materials with different cryoprotectants added.
PubMed:Growth and tolerance of infants fed formula supplemented with polydextrose (PDX) and/or galactooligosaccharides (GOS): double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.
PubMed:Fibrous drugs for curing various common health problems.
PubMed:454 pyrosequencing reveals a shift in fecal microbiota of healthy adult men consuming polydextrose or soluble corn fiber.
PubMed:Networks of polysaccharides with hydrophilic and hydrophobic characteristics in the presence of co-solute.
PubMed:Microbial composition and in vitro fermentation patterns of human milk oligosaccharides and prebiotics differ between formula-fed and sow-reared piglets.
PubMed:Prebiotics enhance magnesium absorption and inulin-based fibers exert chronic effects on calcium utilization in a postmenopausal rodent model.
PubMed:Effects of dietary fibre and tea catechin, ingredients of the Japanese diet, on equol production and bone mineral density in isoflavone-treated ovariectomised mice.
PubMed:Impact of polydextrose on the faecal microbiota: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled feeding study in healthy human subjects.
PubMed:Effects of feeding polydextrose on faecal characteristics, microbiota and fermentative end products in healthy adult dogs.
PubMed:Polydextrose enrichment of infant formula demonstrates prebiotic characteristics by altering intestinal microbiota, organic acid concentrations, and cytokine expression in suckling piglets.
PubMed:Stool pattern changes in toddlers consuming a follow-on formula supplemented with polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides.
PubMed:New prebiotic blend of polydextrose and galacto-oligosaccharides has a bifidogenic effect in young infants.
PubMed:The effect of alternative sweeteners on batter rheology and cake properties.
PubMed:Digestive physiological outcomes related to polydextrose and soluble maize fibre consumption by healthy adult men.
PubMed:Simulated colon fiber metabolome regulates genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, and energy metabolism in human colon cancer cells.
PubMed:Soluble fibers and resistant starch ameliorate disease activity in interleukin-10-deficient mice with inflammatory bowel disease.
PubMed:Determining the critical relative humidity at which the glassy to rubbery transition occurs in polydextrose using an automatic water vapor sorption instrument.
PubMed:Use of ramping and equilibrium water vapor sorption methods to determine the critical relative humidity at which the glassy to rubbery transition occurs in polydextrose.
PubMed:Glycemic responses to sweetened dried and raw cranberries in humans with type 2 diabetes.
PubMed:Propionate as a health-promoting microbial metabolite in the human gut.
PubMed:Frozen yogurt with added inulin and isomalt.
PubMed:Adherence inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii to intestinal epithelial cells by prebiotic oligosaccharides.
PubMed:Addition of polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide to formula does not affect bacterial translocation in the neonatal piglet.
PubMed:Dietary fiber type reflects physiological functionality: comparison of grain fiber, inulin, and polydextrose.
PubMed:Ingestion of polydextrose increase the iron absorption in rats submitted to partial gastrectomy.
PubMed:Dietary polydextrose prevents inflammatory bowel disease in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid model of rat colitis.
PubMed:Soluble fiber dextrin enhances the satiating power of beverages.
PubMed:Effect of molecule branching and glycosidic linkage on the degradation of polydextrose by gut microbiota.
PubMed:Sensory and microbiological quality of yogurt drinks with prebiotics and probiotics.
PubMed:Novel fibers increase bone calcium content and strength beyond efficiency of large intestine fermentation.
PubMed:Glycemic index and postprandial blood glucose response to Japanese strawberry jam in normal adults.
PubMed:Bacterial, SCFA and gas profiles of a range of food ingredients following in vitro fermentation by human colonic microbiota.
PubMed:Drivers of liking for yogurt drinks with prebiotics and probiotics.
PubMed:Dietary fibre as functional ingredient in meat products: a novel approach for healthy living - a review.
PubMed:Xylo-oligosaccharides and lactitol promote the growth of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus species in pure cultures.
PubMed:Certain dietary carbohydrates promote Listeria infection in a guinea pig model, while others prevent it.
PubMed:A human volunteer study to assess the impact of confectionery sweeteners on the gut microbiota composition.
PubMed:Some putative prebiotics increase the severity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.
PubMed:Carbohydrates blended with polydextrose lower gas production and short-chain fatty acid production in an in vitro system.
PubMed:A balanced diet is necessary for proper entrainment signals of the mouse liver clock.
PubMed:Comprehensive measurement of total nondigestible carbohydrates in foods by enzymatic-gravimetric method and liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Soluble dietary fiber protects against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced damage to the small intestine in cats.
PubMed:Safety evaluation of polydextrose in infant formula using a suckling piglet model.
PubMed:Greater satiety response with resistant starch and corn bran in human subjects.
PubMed:In vitro fermentation profiles, gas production rates, and microbiota modulation as affected by certain fructans, galactooligosaccharides, and polydextrose.
PubMed:Effects of polydextrose supplementation on different faecal parameters in healthy volunteers.
PubMed:Molecular ecological analysis of fecal bacterial populations from term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics.
PubMed:Effect of different prebiotics on the fermentation kinetics, probiotic survival and fatty acids profiles in nonfat symbiotic fermented milk.
PubMed:Physiological responses to novel carbohydrates as assessed using canine and avian models.
PubMed:[Determination of polydextrose in food by high performance anion exchange chromatographic method with pulsed amperometric detector].
PubMed:Caloric availability of polydextrose.
PubMed:The effects of polydextrose and xylitol on microbial community and activity in a 4-stage colon simulator.
PubMed:Effect of prebiotic supplementation on a probiotic bacteria mixture: comparison between a rat model and clinical trials.
PubMed:The effect of cocoa and polydextrose on bacterial fermentation in gastrointestinal tract simulations.
PubMed:In vitro study on gas generation and prebiotic effects of some carbohydrates and their mixtures.
PubMed:Effect of polydextrose on intestinal microbes and immune functions in pigs.
PubMed:Term infants fed formula supplemented with selected blends of prebiotics grow normally and have soft stools similar to those reported for breast-fed infants.
PubMed:Inhibition of lipase activities by basic polysaccharide.
PubMed:Fibres as carriers for Lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying and storage in apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals.
PubMed:Carbohydrate preference, acid tolerance and bile tolerance in five strains of Bifidobacterium.
PubMed:Impact of sugar beet pectin and polydextrose on fasting and postprandial glycemia and fasting concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids in middle-aged subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism.
PubMed:Attenuated response of the serum triglyceride concentration to ingestion of a chocolate containing polydextrose and lactitol in place of sugar.
PubMed:In vitro effects on polydextrose by colonic bacteria and caco-2 cell cyclooxygenase gene expression.
PubMed:Evaluation of the independent and combined effects of xylitol and polydextrose consumed as a snack on hunger and energy intake over 10 d.
PubMed:Determination of "net carbohydrates" using high-performance anion exchange chromatography.
PubMed:Physical properties of ice cream containing milk protein concentrates.
PubMed:Polydextrose, lactitol, and fructo-oligosaccharide fermentation by colonic bacteria in a three-stage continuous culture system.
PubMed:A review of the clinical toleration studies of polydextrose in food.
PubMed:Combination of polydextrose and lactitol affects microbial ecosystem and immune responses in rat gastrointestinal tract.
PubMed:Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances.
PubMed:Some dietary fibers increase elimination of orally administered polychlorinated biphenyls but not that of retinol in mice.
PubMed:[Chemical and sensory characterization of cakes enriched with dietary fiber and micronutrient for the elderly].
PubMed:Perception of melting and flavor release of ice cream containing different types and contents of fat.
PubMed:Folate derived from cecal bacterial fermentation does not increase liver folate stores in 28-d folate-depleted male Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:Effects of L-tyrosine and carbohydrate ingestion on endurance exercise performance.
PubMed:Nondigestible oligosaccharides do not increase accumulation of lipid soluble environmental contaminants by mice.
PubMed:Various indigestible saccharides enhance net calcium transport from the epithelium of the small and large intestine of rats in vitro.
PubMed:Determination of polydextrose in foods by ion chromatography: collaborative study.
PubMed:Non-polyol low-digestible carbohydrates: food applications and functional benefits.
PubMed:When is dietary fiber considered a functional food?
PubMed:Point of view: energy factors for food labelling and other purposes should be derived in a consistent fashion for all food components.
PubMed:Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and total-gastrectomized rats.
PubMed:Studies on the effects of polydextrose intake on physiologic functions in Chinese people.
PubMed:Effect of milk fat, cocoa butter, and whey protein fat replacers on the sensory properties of lowfat and nonfat chocolate ice cream.
PubMed:Determination of polydextrose as dietary fiber in foods.
PubMed:What is dietary fiber?
PubMed:A review of the studies of the safety of polydextrose in food.
PubMed:Effects of soluble dietary fibers on lipid metabolism and activities of intestinal disaccharidases in rats.
PubMed:Cryoprotectants for frozen red meats.
PubMed:Improved retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal sonography using oral contrast agents in a porcine model.
PubMed:Polyol-combinant saliva stimulants: a 4-month pilot study in young adults.
PubMed:The early phase of colon tumorigenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine in ICR mice.
PubMed:Effect of NaCl, polydextrose, and storage conditions on the functional characteristics and microbial quality of pre- and post-rigor salted beef.
PubMed:Effect of polydextrose on absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol in mesenteric lymph-fistula rats.
PubMed:Preventive effect of germinated barley foodstuff on diarrhea induced by water-soluble dietary fiber in rats.
PubMed:Cephalic phase responses to sweet taste.
PubMed:Health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides.
PubMed:Breath hydrogen and methane excretion produced by commercial beverages containing dietary fiber.
PubMed:Polydextrose induces precocious cessation of intestinal macromolecular transmission and development of digestive enzymes in the suckling rat.
PubMed:Gastrointestinal effects and energy value of polydextrose in healthy nonobese men.
PubMed:Dietary polydextrose affects the large intestine in rats.
PubMed:Sensory and physical properties of a reduced-calorie frozen dessert system made with milk fat and sucrose substitutes.
PubMed:'Determination' of sugar alcohol and Polydextrose absorption in humans by the breath hydrogen (H2) technique: the stoichiometry of hydrogen production and the interaction between carbohydrates assessed in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed:Polydextrose and activities of brush-border membrane enzymes of small intestine in rats and glucose absorption in humans.
PubMed:[Determination of polydextrose in food using ion exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection].
PubMed:A method for estimating the available energy of incompletely digested carbohydrates in rats.
PubMed:Macromolecule replacers in food products.
PubMed:Changes in dietary energy with novel proteins and fats.
PubMed:Effects of polydextrose on serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in healthy subjects.
PubMed:Invisible fats: sensory assessment of sugar/fat mixtures.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of polydextrose in food matrixes.
PubMed:Caloric value of polydextrose.
PubMed:[Cariogenicity of polydextrose and refined polydextrose as a substrate].
PubMed:A comparative study of the effects on colon function caused by feeding ispaghula husk and polydextrose.
PubMed:The influence of food additives and related materials on lower bowel structure and function.
PubMed:The metabolizable energy value of Polydextrose in a mixed diet fed to rats.
PubMed:Microcalorimetric investigation into the metabolic activity of rat caecal flora in the presence of different sugars and sugar substitutes.
PubMed:Feeding of very-low-birth-weight infants with breast-milk enriched by energy, nitrogen and minerals: FM85.
PubMed:Intestinal metabolism of a random-bonded polyglucose bulking agent in humans: in vitro and in vivo studies of hydrogen evolution.
PubMed:Caloric utilization and disposition of [14C]polydextrose in man.
PubMed:Caloric utilization and disposition of [14C]polydextrose in the rat.
 
Notes:
polymer formed by random polymerization of glucose with sorbitol & citric acid. Polydextrose is a food ingredient classified as soluble fiber and is frequently used to increase the non-dietary fiber content of food, replace sugar, reduce calories and reduce fat content. It is a multi-purpose food ingredient synthesized from dextrose, plus about 10 percent sorbitol and 1 percent citric acid. Its E number is E1200. The US FDA approved it in 1981. [Wikipedia]
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