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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 234.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 204.00 °F. TCC ( 95.80 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -1.550 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 9.002e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for agmatine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for agmatine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1- | amino-4-guanidinobutane | | 1- | amino-4-guanidobutane | | (4- | aminobutyl) guanidine | | (4- | aminobutyl)-guanidine | | 1-(4- | aminobutyl)guanidin | | (4- | aminobutyl)guanidine | | 1-(4- | aminobutyl)guanidine | | 2-(4- | aminobutyl)guanidine | | 4-( | aminobutyl)guanidine | | N-(4- | aminobutyl)guanidine | | N-4- | aminobutylguanidine | | N-( | aminoiminomethyl)-1,4-butanediamine | | | argmatine | | | guanidine, (4-aminobutyl)- | | | guanidine, (4-aminobutyl)- (8CI)(9CI) | | | guanidine, N-(4-aminobutyl)- | | | guanidine, N''-(4-aminobutyl)- | | 4- | guanidino-1-butanamine | | 4- | guanidinobutylamine |
Articles:
| PubMed:A UHPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of biogenic amines, amino acids and ammonium ions in beer. |
| PubMed:Validation of the Biofish-300 HIS Enzymatic Biosensor for the Detection of Histamine in Fishery Products. |
| PubMed:Technological Factors Affecting Biogenic Amine Content in Foods: A Review. |
| PubMed:Putrescine biosynthesis in Lactococcus lactis is transcriptionally activated at acidic pH and counteracts acidification of the cytosol. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) by ion-pair extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Functional Study of Lysine Decarboxylases from Klebsiella pneumoniae in Escherichia coli and Application of Whole Cell Bioconversion for Cadaverine Production. |
| PubMed:Quality assurance of histamine analysis in fresh and canned fish. |
| PubMed:Putrescine production by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CECT 8666 is reduced by NaCl via a decrease in bacterial growth and the repression of the genes involved in putrescine production. |
| PubMed:Mechanistic studies of the agmatine deiminase from Listeria monocytogenes. |
| PubMed:Determination of benzoxazinoids in wheat and rye beers by HPLC-DAD and UPLC-QTOF MS. |
| PubMed:Implementation of the agmatine-controlled expression system for inducible gene expression in Lactococcus lactis. |
| PubMed:A Fusarium graminearum strain-comparative proteomic approach identifies regulatory changes triggered by agmatine. |
| PubMed:The Impact of Carvacrol on Ammonia and Biogenic Amine Production by Common Foodborne Pathogens. |
| PubMed:Analysis of 17 neurotransmitters, metabolites and precursors in zebrafish through the life cycle using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:AguR, a Transmembrane Transcription Activator of the Putrescine Biosynthesis Operon in Lactococcus lactis, Acts in Response to the Agmatine Concentration. |
| PubMed:Polyamines in conventional and organic vegetables exposed to exogenous ethylene. |
| PubMed:Fast determination of biogenic amines in beverages by a core-shell particle column. |
| PubMed:Lactose-mediated carbon catabolite repression of putrescine production in dairy Lactococcus lactis is strain dependent. |
| PubMed:Agmatine attenuates hyperactivity and weight loss associated with activity-based anorexia in female rats. |
| PubMed:Bioactive amines in Mozzarella cheese from milk with varying somatic cell counts. |
| PubMed:Discriminative stimulus effects of the imidazoline I2 receptor ligands BU224 and phenyzoline in rats. |
| PubMed:An agmatine-inducible system for the expression of recombinant proteins in Enterococcus faecalis. |
| PubMed:Bioactive amines in sorghum: method optimisation and influence of line, tannin and hydric stress. |
| PubMed:Putrescine production via the agmatine deiminase pathway increases the growth of Lactococcus lactis and causes the alkalinization of the culture medium. |
| PubMed:Discriminative stimulus effects of the novel imidazoline I₂ receptor ligand CR4056 in rats. |
| PubMed:Long-term (5 years), high daily dosage of dietary agmatine--evidence of safety: a case report. |
| PubMed:The gluconeogenesis pathway is involved in maintenance of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine intestinal content. |
| PubMed:Characterization of imidazoline receptors in blood vessels for the development of antihypertensive agents. |
| PubMed:[Protective effects of agmatine on lipopolysaccharide -induced acute hepatic injury in mice]. |
| PubMed:Quality changes of anchovy (Stolephorus heterolobus) under refrigerated storage of different practical industrial methods in Thailand. |
| PubMed:Evidence for oral agmatine sulfate safety--a 95-day high dosage pilot study with rats. |
| PubMed:Quality properties, fatty acids, and biogenic amines profile of fresh tilapia stored in ice. |
| PubMed:Involvement of imidazoline system in drug addiction. |
| PubMed:The putrescine biosynthesis pathway in Lactococcus lactis is transcriptionally regulated by carbon catabolic repression, mediated by CcpA. |
| PubMed:Novel touchdown-PCR method for the detection of putrescine producing gram-negative bacteria in food products. |
| PubMed:Melatonin is formed during winemaking at safe levels of biogenic amines. |
| PubMed:Regulation of metabolic products and gene expression in Fusarium asiaticum by agmatine addition. |
| PubMed:A multiresidual method based on ion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection for the determination of biogenic amines in food and beverages. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amines in low- and reduced-fat dry fermented sausages formulated with konjac gel. |
| PubMed:Stimulation of cadaverine production by foodborne pathogens in the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus spp. |
| PubMed:Focused review: agmatine in fermented foods. |
| PubMed:Expression of the arginine deiminase pathway genes in Lactobacillus sakei is strain dependent and is affected by the environmental pH. |
| PubMed:Is the production of the biogenic amines tyramine and putrescine a species-level trait in enterococci? |
| PubMed:Biogenic amines and potential histamine - Forming bacteria in Rihaakuru (a cooked fish paste). |
| PubMed:Independent evolutionary origins of functional polyamine biosynthetic enzyme fusions catalysing de novo diamine to triamine formation. |
| PubMed:Expression of Lactobacillus brevis IOEB 9809 tyrosine decarboxylase and agmatine deiminase genes in wine correlates with substrate availability. |
| PubMed:Agmatine in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulates feeding in rats: involvement of neuropeptide Y. |
| PubMed:Control of biogenic amines in food--existing and emerging approaches. |
| PubMed:Dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and biogenic amine formation in high-pressure processed semidried squid (Todarodes pacificius) during refrigerated storage. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous quantification of eight biogenic amine compounds in tuna by matrix solid-phase dispersion followed by HPLC-orbitrap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:The role of two families of bacterial enzymes in putrescine synthesis from agmatine via agmatine deiminase. |
| PubMed:Amino acids improve acid tolerance and internal pH maintenance in Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 strain. |
| PubMed:Post-mortem changes in farmed spotted Babylon snail (Babylonia areolata) during iced storage. |
| PubMed:Production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria isolated from fresh pork sausages packaged in different atmospheres and kept under refrigeration. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of biogenic amine-forming lactic acid bacteria in wine and cider. |
| PubMed:Polyamine biosynthetic diversity in plants and algae. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in Korean traditional fermented soybean paste (Doenjang). |
| PubMed:Bioactive amines and quality of egg from Dekalb hens under different storage conditions. |
| PubMed:A new ultra-pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of biogenic amines in cheese. |
| PubMed:A method for benzoyl chloride derivatization of biogenic amines for high performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:lmo0038 is involved in acid and heat stress responses and specific for Listeria monocytogenes lineages I and II, and Listeria ivanovii. |
| PubMed:Comparative survey of putrescine production from agmatine deamination in different bacteria. |
| PubMed:Nucleotide degradation and biogenic amine formation of wild white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) stored in ice and at chill temperature (4°C). |
| PubMed:Supraspinally-administered agmatine attenuates the development of oral fentanyl self-administration. |
| PubMed:Factors affecting the production of putrescine from agmatine by Lactobacillus hilgardii XB isolated from wine. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in squid and white prawn by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection and integrated pulsed amperometric detection. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amine formation and nitrite reactions in meat batter as affected by high-pressure processing and chilled storage. |
| PubMed:Arginine-dependent acid resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. |
| PubMed:Relation of biogenic amines' formation with microbiological and sensory attributes in Lactobacillus-inoculated vacuum-packed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines by capillary zone electrophoresis with conductometric detection. |
| PubMed:Influence of cultivar and germination on bioactive amines in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merril). |
| PubMed:Volatile and biogenic amines, microbiological counts, and bacterial amino acid decarboxylase activity throughout the salt-ripening process of anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholus). |
| PubMed:Development of agmatine sensor using the combination of putrescine oxidase and agmatinase for squid freshness. |
| PubMed:New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatographic determination of nine biogenic amines in fish and squid. |
| PubMed:Differences between biogenic amine detection by HPLC methods using OPA and dansyl derivates. |
| PubMed:Relation of biogenic amines with microbial and sensory changes of whole and filleted freshwater rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) stored on ice. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amines in restructured beef steaks as affected by added walnuts and cold storage. |
| PubMed:On-line solid-phase extraction with surfactant accelerated on-column derivatization and micellar liquid chromatographic separation as a tool for the determination of biogenic amines in various food substrates. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines as their benzoyl derivatives after cloud point extraction with micellar liquid chromatographic separation. |
| PubMed:The diverse bacterial origins of the Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthetic pathway. |
| PubMed:Identification of the putrescine biosynthetic genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and characterization of agmatine deiminase and N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase of the arginine decarboxylase pathway. |
| PubMed:Comparison of a capillary electrophoresis method with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of biogenic amines in various food samples. |
| PubMed:[Imidazoline receptors-normal and pathological factors]. |
| PubMed:Effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 7-nitro indazole, and agmatine on pentylenetetrazol-induced discriminative stimulus in Long-Evans rats. |
| PubMed:Sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes during storage of iced squid (Todaropsis eblanae). |
| PubMed:Sensory, chemical and bacteriological changes in vacuum-packed pressurised squid mantle (Todaropsis eblanae) stored at 4 degrees C. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amine accumulation in ripened sausages affected by the addition of sodium sulphite. |
| PubMed:Molecular characterization and regulation of the aguBA operon, responsible for agmatine utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. |
| PubMed:[The content of biogenic amines in canned fish from the Turkish market]. |
| PubMed:Formation of biogenic amines in bulk-stored chilled hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) packed under atmospheres. |
| PubMed:The CbrA-CbrB two-component regulatory system controls the utilization of multiple carbon and nitrogen sources in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
| PubMed:Growth and metabolic activity of Shewanella putrefaciens maintained under different CO2 and O2 concentrations. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amine production by Lactobacillus. |
| PubMed:Changes in biogenic amine and polyamine contents in slightly fermented sausages manufactured with and without sugar. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in fermented foods after derivatization with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. |
| PubMed:Redox hydrogel-based amperometric bienzyme electrodes for fish freshness monitoring |
| PubMed:Effect of proteolytic starter cultures of Staphylococcus spp. on biogenic amine formation during the ripening of dry fermented sausages. |
| PubMed:Changes in polyamines and ethylene during the development and ripening of eggplant fruits (Solanum melongena). |
| PubMed:Biogenic amines and sensory changes associated with the microbial flora of Mediterranean gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored aerobically at 0, 8, and 15 degrees C. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in cheese. |
| PubMed:Polyamine content of ordinary foodstuffs and various fermented foods. |
| PubMed:Overexpression of arginine decarboxylase in transgenic plants. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic method for determination of biogenic amines in fish and fish products. |
| PubMed:Biogenic amines and microbial quality of sprouts. |
| PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in leafy vegetables by amino acid analyser. |
| PubMed:Studies on the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids in Datura stramonium L. transformed root cultures : 2. On the relative contributions of L-arginine and L-ornithine to the formation of the tropane ring. |
| PubMed:Studies on the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids in Datura stramonium L. transformed root cultures : 1. The kinetics of alkaloid production and the influence of feeding intermediate metabolites. |
| PubMed:Enzymes of N-methylputrescine biosynthesis in relation to hyoscyamine formation in transformed root cultures of Datura stramonium and Atropa belladonna. |
| PubMed:Determination of mono-, di- and polyamines in foods using a single-column amino acid auto-analyzer. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of pyrolysates from guanidine, ureide, secondary amines and polyamines found by the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. |
| PubMed:Alkylating activity of processed fish products treated with sodium nitrite in simulated gastric juice. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of methylguanidine and agmatine, nitrosatable guanidino compounds, in foods. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of methylguanidine and agmatine in foods. |
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decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle. Agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)) is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is a putative neurotransmitter. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase. Agmatine binds to 2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline binding sites, and blocks NMDA receptors and other cation ligand-gated channels. Agmatine inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and induces the release of some peptide hormones. Treatment with exogenous agmatine exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of neurotrauma. -- Wikipedia; Agmatine ((4-aminobutyl)guanidine, NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH-C(-NH2)(=NH)) is the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine and is an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis. It is discussed as a putative neurotransmitter. It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and inactivated by agmatinase. Agmatine binds to ?2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline binding sites, and blocks NMDA receptors and other cation ligand-gated channels. Agmatine inhibits nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and induces the release of some peptide hormones.
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3D/inchi