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Category:sweeteners, flavor enhancers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 63.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 535.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 532.00 °F. TCC ( 277.80 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 1.108 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol, slightly | | | water, sparingly |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Flavor Type: sweet |
| sweet sugar |
| Taste Description: sweet |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | sweeteners, flavor enhancers |
| Recommendation for aspartame-acesulfame salt usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Outcome of the public consultation on a draft protocol for assessing exposure to sweeteners as part of their safety assessment under the food additives re-evaluation programme View page or View pdf
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| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :44145714 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| (3R)-3-amino-4-[[(2R)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid; 6-methyl-2,2-dioxooxathiazin-4-one |
| Chemidplus:0106372558 |
References:
| | (3R)-3-amino-4-[[(2R)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid; 6-methyl-2,2-dioxooxathiazin-4-one |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 44145714 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135200495 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (3R)-3- | amino-4-[[(2R)-1-methoxy-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid; 6-methyl-2,2-dioxooxathiazin-4-one | | [2- | carboxy-beta-(N-(b-methoxycarbonyl-2-phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl)]ethanaminium-6-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3-oxathiazin-3-ide-2,2-dioxide | | | methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide salt of L-phenylalanyl-2-methyl-L-alpha-aspartic acid | | 6- | methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide salt of laevo-phenylalanyl-2-methyl-laevo-alpha-aspartic acid |
Articles:
| PubMed:Sub-minute method for simultaneous determination of aspartame, cyclamate, acesulfame-K and saccharin in food and pharmaceutical samples by capillary zone electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:Assessment of stability of binary sweetener blend (aspartame x acesulfame-K) during storage in whey lemon beverage. |
| PubMed:Modified high-density lipoproteins by artificial sweetener, aspartame, and saccharin, showed loss of anti-atherosclerotic activity and toxicity in zebrafish. |
| PubMed:Fate of artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants in New York State, U.S.A. |
| PubMed:Molecularly imprinted sol-gel nanofibers based solid phase microextraction coupled on-line with high performance liquid chromatography for selective determination of acesulfame. |
| PubMed:Stability considerations of aspartame in the direct analysis of artificial sweeteners in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). |
| PubMed:Development of low calorie snack food based on intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Rebaudioside A and Rebaudioside D bitterness do not covary with Acesulfame K bitterness or polymorphisms in TAS2R9 and TAS2R31. |
| PubMed:Estimated intake of the sweeteners, acesulfame-K and aspartame, from soft drinks, soft drinks based on mineral waters and nectars for a group of Portuguese teenage students. |
| PubMed:Risk assessment of additives through soft drinks and nectars consumption on Portuguese population: a 2010 survey. |
| PubMed:High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States. |
| PubMed:Non-nutritive sweeteners: no class effect on the glycaemic or appetite responses to ingested glucose. |
| PubMed:FTIR determination of Aspartame and Acesulfame-K in tabletop sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Advantame sweetener preference in C57BL/6J mice and Sprague-Dawley rats. |
| PubMed:Low-calorie sweeteners in food and food supplements on the Italian market. |
| PubMed:Effects of three intense sweeteners on fat storage in the C. elegans model. |
| PubMed:In vivo cytogenetic studies on blends of aspartame and acesulfame-K. |
| PubMed:Effects of artificial sweeteners on the AhR- and GR-dependent CYP1A1 expression in primary human hepatocytes and human cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of carbonation on brain processing of sweet stimuli in humans. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners: safe or unsafe? |
| PubMed:An Equiratio Mixture Model for non-additive components: a case study for aspartame/acesulfame-K mixtures. |
| PubMed:[A rapid dialysis method for analysis of artificial sweeteners in food]. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity testing of low-calorie sweeteners: aspartame, acesulfame-K, and saccharin. |
| PubMed:Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin in a group of Swedish diabetics. |
| PubMed:Intake of saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame K and cyclamate in Italian teenagers: present levels and projections. |
| PubMed:[The psychophysics of sweet taste. 7. New determination of sweet taste parameters of acesulfame, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, glucose and sorbitol]. |
| PubMed:Effect of sweeteners and hydrocolloids on quality attributes of reduced-calorie carrot juice. |
| PubMed:Determination of high-intensity sweeteners in river water and wastewater by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[Rapid analysis of six sweeteners in wine by dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Nonnutritive Sweeteners in Breast Milk. |
| PubMed:Ubiquitous Detection of Artificial Sweeteners and Iodinated X-ray Contrast Media in Aquatic Environmental and Wastewater Treatment Plant Samples from Vietnam, The Philippines, and Myanmar. |
| PubMed:Addition of sucralose enhances the release of satiety hormones in combination with pea protein. |
| PubMed:Emission of artificial sweeteners, select pharmaceuticals, and personal care products through sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Korea. |
| PubMed:Dietary intake of non-nutritive sweeteners in type 1 diabetes mellitus children. |
| PubMed:Dietary intake of artificial sweeteners by the Belgian population. |
| PubMed:Determination of aspartame by ion chromatography with electrochemical integrated amperometric detection. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of sweeteners in beverages by LC-MS/MS. |
| PubMed:Review of the nutritional benefits and risks related to intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides. |
| PubMed:[Influences of ion-suppressors on retention behaviors of nine food additives in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation]. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in the aquatic environment and precipitation of Tianjin, China. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of various aseptics and sweeteners in milk and dairy products]. |
| PubMed:Determination of artificial sweeteners by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection optimized by hydrodynamic pumping. |
| PubMed:Nonnutritive sweeteners are not supernormal stimuli. |
| PubMed:Determination of eight artificial sweeteners and common Stevia rebaudiana glycosides in non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:The effect of five artificial sweeteners on Caco-2, HT-29 and HEK-293 cells. |
| PubMed:[Consumption of carbonated beverages with nonnutritive sweeteners in Latin American university students]. |
| PubMed:Effects of artificial sweeteners on body weight, food and drink intake. |
| PubMed:Role of nitrification in the biodegradation of selected artificial sweetening agents in biological wastewater treatment process. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners - a review. |
| PubMed:Improved powder mix quality with Twinsweet. |
| PubMed:Responses of single chorda tympani taste fibers of the calf (Bos taurus). |
| PubMed:[The use of low-calorie sweeteners]. |
| PubMed:Rate of atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice long after discontinuation of cola beverage drinking. |
| PubMed:Selective continuous monitoring and analysis of mixtures of acesulfame-K, cyclamate, and saccharin in artificial sweetener tablets, diet soft drinks, yogurts, and wines using filter-supported bilayer lipid membranes. |
| PubMed:Bitterness prediction of H1-antihistamines and prediction of masking effects of artificial sweeteners using an electronic tongue. |
| PubMed:Qualitative and quantitative control of carbonated cola beverages using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of five synthetic sweeteners in food by solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection]. |
| PubMed:[Modification of fasting blood glucose in adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 after regular soda and diet soda intake in the State of Querétaro, Mexico]. |
| PubMed:Estimation of the dietary intake of 13 priority additives in France, Italy, the UK and Ireland as part of the FACET project. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of twelve sweeteners and nine preservatives in foods by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS]. |
| PubMed:Estimated intake of intense sweeteners from non-alcoholic beverages in Denmark. |
| PubMed:Intake of intense sweeteners in Germany. |
| PubMed:Application of dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry in food additive residue analysis of red wine. |
| PubMed:Reaction kinetics and efficiencies for the hydroxyl and sulfate radical based oxidation of artificial sweeteners in water. |
| PubMed:Effects of intense sweeteners on hunger, food intake, and body weight: a review. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of rat bladder contraction by artificial sweeteners via increased extracellular Ca2+ influx. |
| PubMed:Metabolic acidosis mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis after use of calorie-free mineral water. |
| PubMed:Sweetener/sweetness-induced changes in flavor perception and flavor release of fruity and green character in beverages. |
| PubMed:Estimated intake of intense sweeteners from non-alcoholic beverages in Denmark, 2005. |
| PubMed:Analysis of multiple sweeteners and their degradation products in lassi by HPLC and HPTLC plates. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners--a recently recognized class of emerging environmental contaminants: a review. |
| PubMed:Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Effects of artificial sweeteners on insulin release and cationic fluxes in rat pancreatic islets. |
| PubMed:Separation and simultaneous determination of four artificial sweeteners in food and beverages by ion chromatography. |
| PubMed:Adherence of Streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces in the presence of artificial sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Analysis and occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in German waste water and surface water and in soil aquifer treatment (SAT). |
| PubMed:Analysis of nine food additives in red wine by ion-suppression reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using trifluoroacetic acid and ammonium acetate as ion-suppressors. |
| PubMed:The content of high-intensity sweeteners in different categories of foods available on the Polish market. |
| PubMed:Retention behaviour of some high-intensity sweeteners on different SPE sorbents. |
| PubMed:Acidogenicity of high-intensity sweeteners and polyols. |
| PubMed:[Determination of five synthetic sweeteners in wines using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Gain weight by "going diet?" Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings: Neuroscience 2010. |
| PubMed:Determination of nine high-intensity sweeteners in various foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. |
| PubMed:Detection of food additives by voltammetry at the liquid-liquid interface. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners--do they bear a carcinogenic risk? |
| PubMed:Modified apolipoprotein (apo) A-I by artificial sweetener causes severe premature cellular senescence and atherosclerosis with impairment of functional and structural properties of apoA-I in lipid-free and lipid-bound state. |
| PubMed:Oral zinc sulfate solutions inhibit sweet taste perception. |
| PubMed:Acceptable daily intake and the regulation of intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Uncoupling sweet taste and calories: comparison of the effects of glucose and three intense sweeteners on hunger and food intake. |
| PubMed:Frozen yogurt with added inulin and isomalt. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of nonnutritive sweeteners in foods by HPLC/ESI-MS. |
| PubMed:The intake of intense sweeteners - an update review. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of nine kinds of sweeteners in foods by LC/MS]. |
| PubMed:Whole nerve chorda tympani responses to sweeteners in C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J mice. |
| PubMed:Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics. |
| PubMed:Solution properties and sweetness response of selected bulk and intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of six synthetic sweeteners in food by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Reducing added sugar intake in Norway by replacing sugar sweetened beverages with beverages containing intense sweeteners - a risk benefit assessment. |
| PubMed:Physical properties and bioactive constituents of powdered mixtures and drinks prepared with cocoa and various sweeteners. |
| PubMed:An electronic tongue: evaluation of the masking efficacy of sweetening and/or flavoring agents on the bitter taste of epinephrine. |
| PubMed:The powder flow and compact mechanical properties of sucrose and three high-intensity sweeteners used in chewable tablets. |
| PubMed:Sweet taste in the calf: III. Behavioral responses to sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Behavioral study in the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) using compounds considered sweet by humans. |
| PubMed:The capsaicin receptor participates in artificial sweetener aversion. |
| PubMed:Adaptation of sweeteners in water and in tannic acid solutions. |
| PubMed:Bitterness of sweeteners as a function of concentration. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners and salts producing a metallic taste sensation activate TRPV1 receptors. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of sweeteners and preservatives in preserved fruits by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. |
| PubMed:Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of some food additives. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners in beverage by ultra performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Determination of nine intense sweeteners in foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light-scattering detection: interlaboratory study. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of antioxidants, preservatives and sweetener additives in food and cosmetics by flow injection analysis coupled to a monolithic column. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of nine intense sweeteners in foodstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection--development and single-laboratory validation. |
| PubMed:Dietary estimated intake of intense sweeteners by Italian teenagers. Present levels and projections derived from the INRAN-RM-2001 food survey. |
| PubMed:Fluoride concentration and pH of iced tea products. |
| PubMed:Sweetener preference of C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J mice. |
| PubMed:Lack of DNA-damaging activity of five non-nutritive sweeteners in the rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay. |
| PubMed:Effect of temperature, pH, and ions on sweet taste. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of antioxidants, preservatives and sweeteners permitted as additives in food by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:Effect of chewing gums on plaque pH after a sucrose challenge. |
| PubMed:Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic determination of artificial sweeteners in low-Joule soft drinks and other foods. |
| PubMed:Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: the quality of sweetness. |
| PubMed:Review of present and future use of nonnutritive sweeteners. |
| PubMed:The metabolism of intense sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Direct simultaneous determination of eight sweeteners in foods by capillary isotachophoresis. |
| PubMed:Position of the American Dietetic Association: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of various food additives by high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners, preservatives, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in food and pharmaceutical preparations by ion chromatography. |
| PubMed:Selective inhibition of sweetness by the sodium salt of +/-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propanoic acid. |
| PubMed:Effects of sweetness and energy in drinks on food intake following exercise. |
| PubMed:Noncariogenic intense natural sweeteners. |
| PubMed:Investigation of synergism in binary mixtures of sweeteners. |
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