EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

dextro-lactic acid
D-lactic acid

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 10326-41-7Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:233-713-2
FDA UNII: 3Q6M5SET7W
Nikkaji Web:J9.141C
Beilstein Number:1720252
MDL:MFCD00068311
XlogP3:-0.70 (est)
Molecular Weight:90.07842000
Formula:C3 H6 O3
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:flavoring agents and adjuvants, curing and pickling agents, flavor enhancers
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
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EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
1978 D(-)-lactic acid View - review
FEMA Number:2611 D-lactic acid
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:colorless solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 52.00 to 54.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 227.00 to 229.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 119.00 °C. @ 12.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:0.015000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 230.00 °F. TCC ( 110.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.850 (est)
Soluble in:
 alcohol
 water
 water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Strength:none
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
D-Lactic Acid
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
D-Lactic acid
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
D-(-)-Lactic Acid ≥93%
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
D-(-)-Lactic acid 93-107%
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
D-Lactic Acid >90.0%(T)
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 38 - Irritating to skin.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
flavoring agents and adjuvants, curing and pickling agents, flavor enhancers
Recommendation for dextro-lactic acid usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -89.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -34.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: -610.00000
condiments / relishes: 1200.0000024000.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -66.00000
fruit ices: -66.00000
gelatins / puddings: 14.0000025.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -130.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of lactic acid for the removal of microbial surface contamination of beef carcasses, cuts and trimmings
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of lactic acid and calcium lactate when used as technological additives for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Re-evaluation of acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, mono- and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a-f) as food additives
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):10326-41-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :61503
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
(2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
Chemidplus:0010326417
 
References:
 (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):61503
Pubchem (sid):135017738
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00256
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB01311
FooDB:FDB003293
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00287
Export Tariff Code:2918.11.1000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 molasses
Search PMC Picture
 potato
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
(2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
(R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
D-2-hydroxypropanoic acid
(R)-2-hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-a-hydroxypropionic acid
(R)-alpha-hydroxypropionic acid
(-)-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid
(R)-(-)-lactic acid
D-lactic acid
D-(-)-lactic acid
D(-)-lactic acid
dextro-(-)-lactic acid
R-lactic acid
(R)-milchsaeure
 propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (2R)-
 propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (R)-
 

Articles:

PubMed:A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Safety Trial Evaluating d-Lactic Acid Production in Healthy Infants Fed a Lactobacillus reuteri-containing Formula.
J-Stage:A Membrane-Integrated Fermentation Reactor System: Its Effects in Reducing the Amount of Sub-Raw Materials for D-Lactic Acid Continuous Fermentation by Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus
J-Stage:Membrane-Integrated Fermentation System for Improving the Optical Purity of D-Lactic Acid Produced during Continuous Fermentation
PubMed:Crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of d-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus jensenii.
PubMed:Higher thermostability of l-lactate dehydrogenases is a key factor in decreasing the optical purity of d-lactic acid produced from Lactobacillus coryniformis.
PubMed:Oxidative response of neutrophils to platelet-activating factor is altered during acute ruminal acidosis induced by oligofructose in heifers.
PubMed:Disposition of glycolic acid into rat and rabbit embryos in vitro.
PubMed:[Impact of different pneumoperitioneal pressure on pathomorphism and function of intestines following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy].
PubMed:Homo-fermentative production of D-lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. employing casein whey permeate as a raw feed-stock.
PubMed:Genome Sequence of Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus DSM442, an Efficient Polymer-Grade D-Lactate Producer from Agricultural Waste Cottonseed as a Nitrogen Source.
PubMed:Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of biltong, a traditional salted dried meat of South Africa.
PubMed:Scaffolding for challenging environments: Materials selection for tissue engineered intestine.
PubMed:Photoautotrophic production of D-lactic acid in an engineered cyanobacterium.
PubMed:Acid hydrolysis of Curcuma longa residue for ethanol and lactic acid fermentation.
PubMed:Engineering and adaptive evolution of Escherichia coli W for L-lactic acid fermentation from molasses and corn steep liquor without additional nutrients.
PubMed:Effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, haematological and immunological characteristics of weanling piglets.
PubMed:A novel natural Nrf2 activator with PPARγ-agonist (monascin) attenuates the toxicity of methylglyoxal and hyperglycemia.
PubMed:Supplementation of medium with diammonium hydrogen phosphate enhanced the D-lactate dehydrogenase levels leading to increased D-lactic acid productivity.
PubMed:Influence of vaginal bacteria and D- and L-lactic acid isomers on vaginal extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer: implications for protection against upper genital tract infections.
PubMed:Intestinimonas butyriciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium from the mouse intestine.
PubMed:Production of L- and D-lactic acid from waste Curcuma longa biomass through simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation.
PubMed:Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of (R,R)-lactide from alkyl lactate to produce PDLA (poly D-lactic acid) and stereocomplex PLA (poly lactic acid).
PubMed:Successful correction of D-lactic acid neurotoxicity (drunken lamb syndrome) by bolus administration of oral sodium bicarbonate.
PubMed:[The timing of infusion of hypertonic saline to exert protective effect on intestinal barrier function in the rabbit with intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury].
PubMed:Efficient production of polymer-grade D-lactate by Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus DSM442 with agricultural waste cottonseed as the sole nitrogen source.
PubMed:[Impacts of electroacupuncture on intestinal permeability in sepsis patients].
PubMed:'Chiral compartmentation' in metabolism: enzyme stereo-specificity yielding evolutionary options.
PubMed:Mn²⁺/Mg ²⁺-dependent pyruvate kinase from a D-lactic acid-producing bacterium Sporolactobacillus inulinus: characterization of a novel Mn²⁺-mediated allosterically regulated enzyme.
PubMed:D-Lactic acid biosynthesis from biomass-derived sugars via Lactobacillus delbrueckii fermentation.
PubMed:Vaginal concentrations of lactic acid potently inactivate HIV.
PubMed:Improvement of ethanol production from D-lactic acid by constitutive expression of lactate transporter Jen1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Two new tryptophan derivatives from the seed kernels of Entada rheedei: effects on cell viability and HIV infectivity.
PubMed:Intestinal microbiota, probiotics and mental health: from Metchnikoff to modern advances: Part II - contemporary contextual research.
PubMed:Adsorption of lactic acid on chiral Pt surfaces--a density functional theory study.
PubMed:The effects of natural and modified clinoptilolite on intestinal barrier function and immune response to LPS in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Dimerumic acid attenuates receptor for advanced glycation endproducts signal to inhibit inflammation and diabetes mediated by Nrf2 activation and promotes methylglyoxal metabolism into d-lactic acid.
PubMed:Ethanol production from D-lactic acid by lactic acid-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae NAM34-4C.
PubMed:Characterization of monocarboxylate uptake and immunohistochemical demonstration of monocarboxylate transporters in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells.
PubMed:Efficient synthesis of L-lactic acid from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Probiotics can alleviate cardiopulmonary bypass-induced intestinal mucosa damage in rats.
PubMed:The mean seven years' results of the use of poly-L/D-lactic acid (PLDLA) interposition implant and bone packing in revision metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study.
PubMed:Collagen-nanofiber hydrogel composites promote contact guidance of human lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells and directed capillary tube formation.
PubMed:[Effects of rhubarb on the intestinal barrier function of patients with acute myocardial infarction-heart].
PubMed:Beneficial effect of splenic artery ligation on bacterial translocation after major liver resection in rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of tissue response and genotoxicity of poly(L/D-lactic acid) disks implanted in rat calvarium.
PubMed:Characterization of the major dehydrogenase related to d-lactic acid synthesis in Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293.
PubMed:D-lactic acid production from dry biomass of Hydrodictyon reticulatum by simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens.
PubMed:Glucokinase contributes to glucose phosphorylation in D-lactic acid production by Sporolactobacillus inulinus Y2-8.
PubMed:Feasibility of coupling dehydration-impregnation by soaking treatment of meat with fermentation by Lactobacillus sakei.
PubMed:Engineering Escherichia coli with acrylate pathway genes for propionic acid synthesis and its impact on mixed-acid fermentation.
PubMed:Adaptation of glycolysis and growth to acetate in Sporolactobacillus sp. Y2-8.
PubMed:Homofermentative production of D-lactic acid from sucrose by a metabolically engineered Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Effects of the Chinese medicine matrine on experimental C. parvum infection in BALB/c mice and MDBK cells.
PubMed:Adjusting a polymer formulation for an optimal bioresorbable stent: a 6-month follow-up study.
PubMed:Control of in vivo blood clearance time of polymeric micelle by stereochemistry of amphiphilic polydepsipeptides.
PubMed:Reconstruction of the trapeziometacarpal joint in inflammatory joint disease using interposition of autologous tendon or poly-L-D-lactic acid implants: a prospective clinical trial.
PubMed:Customizing the hydrolytic degradation rate of stereocomplex PLA through different PDLA architectures.
PubMed:Design and analysis of biorefineries based on raw glycerol: addressing the glycerol problem.
PubMed:Relative catalytic efficiency of ldhL- and ldhD-encoded products is crucial for optical purity of lactic acid produced by lactobacillus strains.
PubMed:[The protective effects of bifidobacterial adhesin on ischemic reperfusion injury of intestine in rats].
PubMed:A membrane-integrated fermentation reactor system: its effects in reducing the amount of sub-raw materials for D-lactic acid continuous fermentation by Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus.
PubMed:Effects of soybean agglutinin on intestinal barrier permeability and tight junction protein expression in weaned piglets.
PubMed:Calculation of infrared/Raman spectra and dielectric properties of various crystalline poly(lactic acid)s by density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) method.
PubMed:Membrane-integrated fermentation system for improving the optical purity of D-lactic acid produced during continuous fermentation.
PubMed:Analysis of the production process of optically pure D-lactic acid from raw glycerol using engineered Escherichia coli strains.
PubMed:Efficient production of D-(-)-lactic acid from broken rice by Lactobacillus delbrueckii using Ca(OH)2 as a neutralizing agent.
PubMed:Co-production of biomass and metabolites by cell retention culture of Leuconostoc citreum.
PubMed:Evolution of D-lactate dehydrogenase activity from glycerol dehydrogenase and its utility for D-lactate production from lignocellulose.
PubMed:Draft genome sequence of Sporolactobacillus inulinus strain CASD, an efficient D-lactic acid-producing bacterium with high-concentration lactate tolerance capability.
PubMed:Poly-L/D-lactic acid anchors are associated with reoperation and failure of SLAP repairs.
PubMed:An automated plasma D-lactate assay with a new sample preparation method to prevent interference from L-lactate and L-lactate dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Sensitive determination of D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:D-lactic acid interferes with the effects of platelet activating factor on bovine neutrophils.
PubMed:Antimicrobial effects of weak acids on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under anaerobic conditions.
PubMed:Homo-D-lactic acid production from mixed sugars using xylose-assimilating operon-integrated Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Oxymatrine ameliorates L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
PubMed:Stereocomplexes Formed From Select Oligomers of Polymer d-lactic Acid (PDLA) and l-lactate May Inhibit Growth of Cancer Cells and Help Diagnose Aggressive Cancers-Applications of the Warburg Effect.
PubMed:D(-)-lactic acid production by Leuconostoc mesenteroides B512 using different carbon and nitrogen sources.
PubMed:An extreme and life-threatening case of recurrent D-lactate encephalopathy.
PubMed:Glyoxalase system in yeasts: structure, function, and physiology.
PubMed:Evaluation of post-surgical relapse in maxillary surgery using resorbable plate.
PubMed:Simplification of a complex microbial antilisterial consortium to evaluate the contribution of its flora in uncooked pressed cheese.
PubMed:A simple, sensitive and efficient assay for the determination of D- and L-lactic acid enantiomers in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:[Clinical research of Dahuang Fuzi decoction in auxiliary treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a multi-center observation in 206 patients].
PubMed:Continuous D-lactic acid production by a novel thermotolerant Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis QU 41.
PubMed:Carbon utilization profiles of Fusarium virguliforme isolates.
PubMed:Differential affinity of vitronectin versus collagen for synthetic biodegradable scaffolds for urethroplastic applications.
PubMed:Increased plasma d-lactic acid associated with impaired memory in rats.
PubMed:Stereo-complex crystallization of poly(lactic acid)s in block-copolymer phase separation.
PubMed:Natural populations of lactic acid bacteria isolated from vegetable residues and silage fermentation.
PubMed:Comparison of bioreplaceable interposition arthroplasty with metatarsal head resection of the rheumatoid forefoot.
PubMed:Cloning, expression, purification, and activity assay of proteins related to D-lactic acid formation in Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
PubMed:Spontaneous Formation of a Hydrogel Composed of Water-Soluble Phospholipid Polymers Grafted with Enantiomeric Oligo(lactic acid) Chains.
PubMed:Determination of the enantiomers of alpha-hydroxy- and alpha-amino acids in capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection.
PubMed:Escherichia coli strains engineered for homofermentative production of D-lactic acid from glycerol.
PubMed:Effect of graded levels of dietary betaine on ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities and intestinal bacterial metabolites in piglets.
PubMed:Safety and functional aspects of pre-selected lactobacilli for probiotic use in Iberian dry-fermented sausages.
PubMed:Kinetics of D-lactic acid production by Sporolactobacillus sp. strain CASD using repeated batch fermentation.
PubMed:Structure and property gradation from surface to bulk of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Poly(d-lactic acid) blended films as estimated from nanoscratch tests using scanning probe microscopy.
PubMed:Characterization of enzymes in the oxidation of 1,2-propanediol to D: -(-)-lactic acid by Gluconobacter oxydans DSM 2003.
PubMed:[Effects of cultivation conditions on the optical purity of L(+)-lactic acid].
PubMed:Ab initio elasticity of poly(lactic acid) crystals.
PubMed:Protective effect of glutamine-enriched early enteral nutrition on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after liver transplantation in rats.
PubMed:Effects of inulin and enzyme complex, individually or in combination, on growth performance, intestinal microflora, cecal fermentation characteristics, and jejunal histomorphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat- and barley-based diet.
PubMed:Strain improvement of Lactobacillus lactis for D-lactic acid production.
PubMed:A case of D-lactic acid encephalopathy associated with use of probiotics.
PubMed:An entropy spring model for the Young's modulus change of biodegradable polymers during biodegradation.
PubMed:Improved production of homo-D-lactic acid via xylose fermentation by introduction of xylose assimilation genes and redirection of the phosphoketolase pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway in L-Lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Metabolic properties of lactobacilli in women experiencing recurring episodes of bacterial vaginosis with vaginal pH >or= 5.
PubMed:Strain improvement of Sporolactobacillus inulinus ATCC 15538 for acid tolerance and production of D-lactic acid by genome shuffling.
PubMed:One-step recovery of marrow stromal cells on nanofibers.
PubMed:Sporolactobacillus putidus sp. nov., an endospore-forming lactic acid bacterium isolated from spoiled orange juice.
PubMed:Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry screening of serum metabolomic biomarkers in hepatitis B virus infected cirrhosis patients.
PubMed:D-lactic acid production from cellooligosaccharides and beta-glucan using L-LDH gene-deficient and endoglucanase-secreting Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Bioabsorbable osteofixation devices in craniosynostosis. Clinical experience in 216 cases.
PubMed:Increased d-lactic Acid intestinal bacteria in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
PubMed:Genetic engineering of Enterobacter asburiae strain JDR-1 for efficient D(--) lactic acid production from hemicellulose hydrolysate.
PubMed:Homo-D-lactic acid fermentation from arabinose by redirection of the phosphoketolase pathway to the pentose phosphate pathway in L-lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Efficient synthesis of enantiomeric ethyl lactate by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-displaying yeasts.
PubMed:Novel stereocomplexed sol-gel transition hydrogels prepared from physical packing of self-assembled PEO-PPO-PEO and PPO-PEO-PPO copolymer nanoscale micelles.
PubMed:Reaction mechanism of the binuclear zinc enzyme glyoxalase II - A theoretical study.
PubMed:An economical approach for d-lactic acid production utilizing unpolished rice from aging paddy as major nutrient source.
PubMed:Efficient production of optically pure D-lactic acid from raw corn starch by using a genetically modified L-lactate dehydrogenase gene-deficient and alpha-amylase-secreting Lactobacillus plantarum strain.
PubMed:Analysis of Methylglyoxal Metabolism in CHO Cells Grown in Culture.
PubMed:Enantioselective oxidation of racemic lactic acid to D-lactic acid and pyruvic acid by Pseudomonas stutzeri SDM.
PubMed:Consumption pattern, biochemical composition and nutritional value of fermented pearl millet gruels in Burkina Faso.
PubMed:A chemically modified carbon paste electrode with d-lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotranferase enzyme sequences for d-lactic acid analysis.
PubMed:Aerobic fermentation of D-glucose by an evolved cytochrome oxidase-deficient Escherichia coli strain.
PubMed:Real-time imaging of crystallization in polylactide enantiomeric monolayers at the air-water interface.
PubMed:Migration of lactic acid, lactide and oligomers from polylactide food-contact materials.
PubMed:Fabrication of novel layer-by-layer assembly films composed of poly(lactic acid) and polylysine through cation-dipole interactions.
PubMed:Breeding of D(-)-lactic acid high producing strain by low-energy ion implantation and preliminary analysis of related metabolism.
PubMed:An overview on the role of methylglyoxal and glyoxalases in plants.
PubMed:Molecular enzymology of the glyoxalase system.
PubMed:In vitro degradation of poly-L-D-lactic acid (PLDLA) pellets and powder used as synthetic alloplasts for bone grafting.
PubMed:[D-lactic acidosis in a child with short bowel syndrome].
PubMed:Production of D-lactic acid by Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen deprivation.
PubMed:N-acetylmuramic acid 6-phosphate lyases (MurNAc etherases): role in cell wall metabolism, distribution, structure, and mechanism.
PubMed:One-year results of use of poly-L/D-lactic acid joint scaffolds and bone packing in revision metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty.
PubMed:Induction of heat shock protein 70 by sodium arsenite attenuates burn-induced intestinal injury in severe burned rats.
PubMed:[Effect of pH and fermentation time on yield and optical purity of lactic acid from kitchen wastes fermentation].
PubMed:Enhanced stereocomplex formation of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid) in the presence of stereoblock poly(lactic acid).
PubMed:Production of D-lactic acid from sugarcane molasses, sugarcane juice and sugar beet juice by Lactobacillus delbrueckii.
PubMed:Poly-L-D-lactic acid scaffold in the repair of porcine knee cartilage lesions.
PubMed:D-Lactic acid-induced neurotoxicity in a calf model.
PubMed:Changes in urinary level and configuration ratio of D-lactic acid in patients with short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:Enhanced isomer purity of lactic acid from the non-sterile fermentation of kitchen wastes.
PubMed:Monitoring release of ketoprofen enantiomers from biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) injectable implants.
PubMed:Electrospinning of poly(lactic acid) stereocomplex nanofibers.
PubMed:High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) assay for chiral separation of lactic acid enantiomers in urine using a teicoplanin based stationary phase.
PubMed:Lactobacillus casei metabolic potential to utilize citrate as an energy source in ripening cheese: a bioinformatics approach.
PubMed:[Influence of carbachol on intestinal dysfunction after traumatic or burn injury].
PubMed:Xylooligosaccharide fermentation with Leuconostoc lactis.
PubMed:Arguments for a lower carbohydrate-higher fat diet in patients with a short small bowel.
PubMed:Nonstarter lactic acid bacteria biofilms and calcium lactate crystals in Cheddar cheese.
PubMed:[D-lactic acidosis in an 11-year-old patient with short bowel syndrome].
PubMed:D-lactic acid production by metabolically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Application of optical isomer analysis by diastereomer derivatization GC/MS to determine the condition of patients with short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:DFT study of vibrational circular dichroism spectra of D-lactic acid-water complexes.
PubMed:Protective effects of organic acids on survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in acidic environments.
PubMed:Crystallization and some properties of D-lactate dehydrogenase from Staphylococcus sp. LDH-1.
PubMed:Compositional factors associated with calcium lactate crystallization in smoked Cheddar cheese.
PubMed:Safety of D(-)-lactic acid producing bacteria in the human infant.
PubMed:Production of D-lactic acid from defatted rice bran by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
PubMed:Yeast mediates lactic acidosis suppression after antibiotic cocktail treatment in short small bowel?
PubMed:The glycolytic metabolite methylglyoxal activates Pap1 and Sty1 stress responses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
PubMed:Poly(lactide) stereocomplexes: formation, structure, properties, degradation, and applications.
PubMed:Recurrent D-lactic acidosis in a child with short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:Recycling of the anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid derived from cell wall murein involves a two-step conversion to N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate.
PubMed:Preventive and curative effects of probiotics in atopic patients.
PubMed:Functional activity of a monocarboxylate transporter, MCT1, in the human retinal pigmented epithelium cell line, ARPE-19.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of l- and d-lactic acid in plasma by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Stereoblock poly(lactic acid): synthesis via solid-state polycondensation of a stereocomplexed mixture of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid).
PubMed:Tissue reactions of in situ formed dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation after subcutaneous implantation in rats.
PubMed:Biodegradable self-expanding poly-L/D-lactic acid vascular stent: a pilot study in canine and porcine iliac arteries.
PubMed:Influence of D-lactate on metabolic acidosis and on prognosis in neonatal calves with diarrhoea.
PubMed:Analysis of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, DL-lactic acid, glycolic acid, ethylene glycol and other glycols in body fluids by a direct injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for wide use.
PubMed:D(-)-lactic acid-producing probiotics, D(-)-lactic acidosis and infants.
PubMed:Plasma D-lactic acid level: a useful marker to distinguish perforated from acute simple appendicitis.
PubMed:Differential inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by D- and L-lactic acid.
PubMed:Production of D-lactic acid by bacterial fermentation of rice starch.
PubMed:Production of optically pure D-lactic acid by Nannochlorum sp. 26A4.
PubMed:Lipase-catalyzed transformation of poly(lactic acid) into cyclic oligomers.
PubMed:Stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric poly(lactic acid)s. 12. spherulite growth of low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid)s from the melt.
PubMed:Unusual D-lactic acid acidosis from propylene glycol metabolism in overdose.
PubMed:The use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring interbody fusion and bioabsorbable cages: an ex vivo pilot study.
PubMed:The response of the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans to carbon dioxide and other host odours.
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis in short-bowel syndrome managed with antibiotics and probiotics.
PubMed:Performance of SuSi: a method for generating atomistic models of amorphous polymers based on a random search of energy minima.
PubMed:In situ crosslinked biodegradable hydrogels loaded with IL-2 are effective tools for local IL-2 therapy.
PubMed:[Analytical chemical studies on high-performance recognition and detection of bio-molecules in life].
PubMed:Biomechanical evaluation of a new technique for rotator cuff repair.
PubMed:Influence of heat impact in reconstituted skim milk on the properties of yoghurt fermented by ropy or non-ropy starter cultures.
PubMed:Production of D(-)-lactic acid from cellulose by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens.
PubMed:[An experiment of gut barrier function damage following multiple firearm injuries in a porcine model].
PubMed:Determination of serum D-lactic and L-lactic acids in normal subjects and diabetic patients by column-switching HPLC with pre-column fluorescence derivatization.
PubMed:The effect of sodium acetate on the activity of L- and D-lactate dehydrogenases in Lactobacillus sakei NRIC 1071(T) and other lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:Functional replacement of the Escherichia coli D-(-)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhA) with the L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase gene (ldhL) from Pediococcus acidilactici.
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis secondary to short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:[Determination of enantiomeric purity for lactic acid in fermentation broth by Rhizopus oryzae with high performance liquid chromatography].
PubMed:Production of optically pure D-lactic acid in mineral salts medium by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli W3110.
PubMed:Lactic acid is absorbed from the small intestine of sheep.
PubMed:Lactic acid bacteria found in fermented fish in Thailand.
PubMed:Effects of sodium acetate on the production of stereoisomers of lactic acid by Lactobacillus sakei and other lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:The effect of sodium acetate on the growth yield, the production of L- and D-lactic acid, and the activity of some enzymes of the glycolytic pathway of Lactobacillus sakei NRIC 1071(T) and Lactobacillus plantarum NRIC 1067(T).
PubMed:The influence of apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells on intestinal barrier integrity after scald in rats.
PubMed:In vitro hydrolysis of blends from enantiomeric poly(lactide)s. Part 4: well-homo-crystallized blend and nonblended films.
PubMed:Cell adhesion and morphology in porous scaffold based on enantiomeric poly(lactic acid) graft-type phospholipid polymers.
PubMed:Lactobacillus pantheris sp. nov., isolated from faeces of a jaguar.
PubMed:Biosensors designed for environmental and food quality control based on screen-printed graphite electrodes with different configurations.
PubMed:Stereocomplex formation by enantiomeric poly(lactic acid) graft-type phospholipid polymers for tissue engineering.
PubMed:Effect of L-malic and citric acids metabolism on the essential amino acid requirements for Oenococcus oeni growth.
PubMed:Performance testing of Zymomonas mobilis metabolically engineered for cofermentation of glucose, xylose, and arabinose.
PubMed:Steady-state measurements of lactic acid production in a wild-type and a putative D-lactic acid dehydrogenase-negative mutant of Zymomonas mobilis: influence of glycolytic flux.
PubMed:Passive cigarette smoke and the renal glyoxalase system.
PubMed:Isolation, characterization, and fermentative pattern of a novel thermotolerant Prototheca zopfii var. hydrocarbonea strain producing ethanol and CO2 from glucose at 40 degrees C.
PubMed:[The prevention of infection complicating acute necrotizing pancreatitis:an experimental study].
PubMed:Behaviors of D- and L-lactic acids during the brewing process of sake (Japanese rice wine).
PubMed:Novel substrate specificity of designer 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase derived from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
PubMed:Directed biosynthesis of new enniatins.
PubMed:[Impact of lactic acid fermentation in the large intestine on acute lactic acidosis in cattle].
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of D-lactic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid in rat plasma using a column-switching HPLC with fluorescent derivatization with 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-PZ).
PubMed:Biodegradable hydrogels based on stereocomplex formation between lactic acid oligomers grafted to dextran.
PubMed:Physically crosslinked dextran hydrogels by stereocomplex formation of lactic acid oligomers: degradation and protein release behavior.
PubMed:Strength retention of self-reinforced drawn poly-L/DL-lactide 70/30 (SR-PLA70) rods and fixation properties of distal femoral osteotomies with these rods. An experimental study on rats.
PubMed:A survey of lipolytic and glycolytic end-products in commercial Cheddar enzyme-modified cheese.
PubMed:Don't forget to test for D-lactic acid in short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:Enantiomeric determination of L- and D-lactic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid by chiral ligand exchange high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Novel catalytic mechanism of nucleophilic substitution by asparagine residue involving cyanoalanine intermediate revealed by mass spectrometric monitoring of an enzyme reaction.
PubMed:Microbial populations, fermentation end-products, and aerobic stability of corn silage treated with ammonia or a propionic acid-based preservative.
PubMed:Assay of D-lactate in urine of infants and children with reference values taking into account data below detection limit.
PubMed:Lactobacilli and acidosis in children with short small bowel.
PubMed:Vancomycin binding to low-affinity ligands: delineating a minimum set of interactions necessary for high-affinity binding.
PubMed:Biocompatibility testing of a new bioabsorbable X-ray positive SR-PLA 96/4 urethral stent.
PubMed:Biodegradable polymeric microcellular foams by modified thermally induced phase separation method.
PubMed:Crystal structure of human glyoxalase II and its complex with a glutathione thiolester substrate analogue.
PubMed:Continuous assay for VanX, the D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase required for high-level vancomycin resistance.
PubMed:Influence of lactobacillus spp. from An inoculant and of weissella and leuconostoc spp. from forage crops on silage fermentation
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis. A review of clinical presentation, biochemical features, and pathophysiologic mechanisms.
PubMed:Absorption and fate of L- and D-lactic acid in ruminants.
PubMed:Determination of protein loading in biodegradable polymer microspheres containing tetanus toxoid.
PubMed:Absorbable Adams-DeWeese caval clip: an experimental study.
PubMed:Abnormal fecal flora in a patient with short bowel syndrome. An in vitro study on effect of pH on D-lactic acid production.
PubMed:Effect of lactic acid isomers on keratinocyte ceramide synthesis, stratum corneum lipid levels and stratum corneum barrier function.
PubMed:Comparative effectiveness of alpha-hydroxy acids on skin properties.
PubMed:D-lactic acid in synovial fluid. A rapid diagnostic test for bacterial synovitis.
PubMed:A reagentless amperometric electrode based on carbon paste, chemically modified with D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD(+), and mediator containing polymer for D-lactic acid analysis. II. On-line monitoring of fermentation process.
PubMed:A reagentless amperometric electrode based on carbon paste, chemically modified with D-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD(+), and mediator containing polymer for D-lactic acid analysis. I. Construction, composition, and characterization.
PubMed:[Role of glyoxalases and methylglyoxal in cell proliferation and differentiation].
PubMed:Improved spectrophotometric assay for beta-lactam residues in kidney tissue.
PubMed:On-line estimation of biological variables during pH controlled lactic acid fermentations.
PubMed:Fecal lactate and short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:[D-lactate, D-lactic acidosis. Biochemical review of D-lactic acid metabolism and its clinical implications].
PubMed:Lipolysis, proteolysis and formation of volatile components during ripening of a fermented sausage with Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus xylosus as starter cultures.
PubMed:Synovial-fluid D-lactic acid in bacterial and other acute joint effusions.
PubMed:In vitro biosynthesis of peptolide SDZ 90-215 by a 1.2 MDa multienzyme polypeptide.
PubMed:Analysis of glyoxalase-I from normal and tumor tissue from human colon.
PubMed:Substrate specificities of cyclosporin synthetase and peptolide SDZ 214-103 synthetase. Comparison of the substrate specificities of the related multifunctional polypeptides.
PubMed:pH and Glucose Profiles in Aggregates of Bacillus laevolacticus.
PubMed:Microflora and acidification properties of yogurt and yogurt-related products fermented with commercially available starter cultures.
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis: a treatable encephalopathy in pediatric patients.
PubMed:[Clinical examination of acetated Ringer solution in patients with normal liver function and those with liver dysfunction].
PubMed:1H NMR study of lithium D-lactate.
PubMed:Accumulation of S-D-lactoylglutathione and transient decrease of glutathione level caused by methylglyoxal load in isolated hepatocytes.
PubMed:[Metabolic factors of vasomotor regulation of the inner retina].
PubMed:Glucose and sucrose fermenting capacity of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria used as starters in fermented salads.
PubMed:Continuous production of ammonium lactate by Streptococccus cremoris in a three-stage reactor.
PubMed:Effect of coliform bacteria, feed deprivation, and pH on ruminal D-lactic acid production by steer or continuous-culture microbial populations changed from forage to concentrates.
PubMed:Postprandial plasma D-lactate concentrations after yogurt ingestion.
PubMed:D-lactic acid production as a monitor of the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:Lactic acid and pH as indicators of spoilage for vacuum-packed cooked ring sausages.
PubMed:D-lactic acid metabolism after an oral load of DL-lactate.
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis in short bowel syndrome--an examination of possible mechanisms.
PubMed:Dietary management of D-lactic acidosis in short bowel syndrome.
PubMed:Oxygen uptake and its relation to pH in a human salivary system during fermentation of glucose.
PubMed:Carbohydrate fermentation by gut microflora in preterm neonates.
PubMed:In vivo characteristics of low molecular weight copoly (D,L-lactic acid) formulations with controlled release of LH-RH agonist.
PubMed:The human red blood cell glyoxalase system in diabetes mellitus.
PubMed:D-lactic acid measurements in the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
PubMed:Sensitive determination of D-lactic acid in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Modification of the glyoxalase system in human red blood cells by glucose in vitro.
PubMed:Modification of the glyoxalase system in human HL60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells during differentiation to neutrophils in vitro.
PubMed:Biotransformation of muroctasin in mice.
PubMed:Production of volatile fatty acids as a result of bacterial interactions in the cecum of gnotobiotic rats and chickens fed a lactose-containing diet.
PubMed:Modification of the glyoxalase system during the functional activation of human neutrophils.
PubMed:Effect of parenteral nutrition and enteral feeding on D-lactic acidosis in a patient with short bowel.
PubMed:Temperature affects the diffusion of small molecules through cytosol of fish muscle.
PubMed:Use of D-lactic acid measurements in the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
PubMed:[D(-)Lactic acid--a metabolism problem].
PubMed:Long-term monitoring of D-lactic acidosis in a child.
PubMed:Severe illness caused by the products of bacterial metabolism in a child with a short gut.
PubMed:Metabolism of D(-)lactic acid in rats given high intragastral doses.
PubMed:The analysis of picomole amounts of L(+)- and D(-)-lactic acid in samples of dental plaque using bacterial luciferase.
PubMed:Growth and end product formation of two psychrotrophic Lactobacillus spp. and Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509T at different pH values and temperatures.
PubMed:Galactose fermentation and classification of thermophilic lactobacilli.
PubMed:D-Lactic acidosis in children: an unusual metabolic complication of small bowel resection.
PubMed:[Yersinia enterocolitica survival in Bulgarian yogurt and Vita yogurt (experimental studies)].
PubMed:Catabolism of arginine by the mixed bacteria in human salivary sediment under conditions of low and high glucose concentration.
PubMed:Caecotrophy-dependent changes in the metabolic fate of D(-) lactic acid in rabbits.
PubMed:D-Malic enzyme of Pseudomonas fluorescens.
PubMed:D-lactic acidosis simulating a hypothalamic syndrome after bowel bypass.
PubMed:Effects of lasalocid or monensin on lactate-producing or -using rumen bacteria.
PubMed:D(-)Lactic acid--a physiological isomer in the rat.
PubMed:Kinetics of acetylsalicylate and D-lactate transport across isolated frog gastric mucosa.
PubMed:Concanavalin A increases glyoxalase enzyme activities in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes.
PubMed:Automated micro method for enzymatic L(+) and D(-) lactic acid determinations in biological fluids containing cellular extracts.
PubMed:[Studies on the etiology and biochemistry of rumen acidosis. 5. Kinetics of elimination of D(-) lactic acid from the blood].
PubMed:Utilization of a depsipeptide substrate for trapping acyl-enzyme intermediates of penicillin-sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidases.
PubMed:Isolation and characteristics of a skatole-producing Lactobacillus sp. from the bovine rumen.
PubMed:[Etiology and biochemistry of rumen acidosis. 4. Distribution of D(-)lactic acid following infusion in goat, sheep and cow].
PubMed:Ultrastructural localization of catalase and L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase in microperoxisomes of Hydra.
PubMed:D(--)Lactic acid formation and D(--)lactate dehydrogenase in octopus spermatozoa.
PubMed:[Fermentative degradation of 2-14C-mannose with Leuconostoc mesenteroides (author's transl)].
PubMed:Physiologic studies of experimentally grain-engorged cattle and sheep.
PubMed:Oxidation and excretion of D-lactic acid by rats.
PubMed:D(--)-lactic acid and d(--)-lactate dehydrohgenase in octopus spermatozoa.
PubMed:Gastric absorption of L(+) and D(-) lactic acid and their effects on the transmucosal ion transport in innervated, non-secreting cat stomachs.
PubMed:The production of L(+) and D(-) lactic acid and volatile acids by human dental plaque and the effect of plaque buffering and acidic strength on pH.
PubMed:Influence of carboxylic acids on the stereospecific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent lactate dehydrogenases of Leuconostoc mesenteroides.
PubMed:Effect of Light on the Rate of Glycolysis in Scenedesmus obliquus.
PubMed:Disappearance of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid in saliva.
PubMed:[D(-)lactic acid dehydrogenases of yeast].
PubMed:Excretion of D-lactic acid by humans.
PubMed:[Clinical treatment of psoriasis with dextro-lactic acid].
PubMed:The effect of D-lactic acid on the oxygen consumption and lactic acid content of the blood in rabbits.
PubMed:A method for the determination of D(-)-lactic acid.
PubMed:A D-lactic acid-requiring mutant of lactobacillus casei.
PubMed:THE CONFIGURATIONAL RELATIONSHIP OF DEXTRO-METHYLETHYL CARBINOL TO DEXTRO-LACTIC ACID.
 
Notes:
Widely distributed in nature - starch, molasses, potatoes etc. Lactic acid is chiral and has two optical isomers. One is known as L-(+)-lactic acid or (S)-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-(-)-lactic acid or (R)-lactic acid. L-(+)-Lactic acid is the biologically important isomer. (Wikipedia)
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