|
Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white to dark blue-green solid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 30.00 to 33.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 260.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Boiling Point: | 259.00 to 260.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
|
| Vapor Pressure: | 0.020000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 3.750 |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 40.17 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Flavor Type: dry |
| dry phenolic |
| Taste Description: dry phenolic |
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for 2,2'-bithiophene usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for 2,2'-bithiophene flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2,2'- | bithienyl | | 2,2- | bithiophene | | 2,2'- | dithienyl | | 2,2'- | dithiophene | | 2-(2- | thienyl)thiophene | | 2- | thiophen-2-ylthiophene | | 2,2'-bis | thiophene |
Articles:
| US Patents:3,931,166 - Certain 2,5-dimethyl-3-thiopyrazines |
| PubMed:Multifaceted strategy for the synthesis of diverse 2,2'-bithiophene derivatives. |
| PubMed:Nanostructuring of the conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxyphenyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl-2,2'-bithiophene] in liquid crystalline C12E4 in bulk water and aligned thin films. |
| PubMed:A simple and efficient synthesis of substituted 2,2'-bithiophene and 2,2':5',2″-terthiophene. |
| PubMed:Joint theoretical and experimental study on the phosphorescence of 2,2'-bithiophene. |
| PubMed:Single crystals of 5,5'-Bis(4'-methoxybiphenyl-4-yl)-2,2'-bithiophene for organic laser media. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, properties, and OFET characteristics of 5,5'-di(2-azulenyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (DAzBT) and 2,5-di(2-azulenyl)-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DAzTT). |
| PubMed:Novel (E)-5-styryl-2,2'-bithiophene derivatives as ligands for β-amyloid plaques. |
| PubMed:Receptor- and ligand-based study on novel 2,2'-bithienyl derivatives as non-peptidic AANAT inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Surface functionalization of copper via oxidative graft polymerization of 2,2'-bithiophene and immobilization of silver nanoparticles for combating biocorrosion. |
| PubMed:Bimetallic iron(3+) spin-crossover complexes containing a 2,2'-bithienyl bridging bis-QsalH ligand. |
| PubMed:Conformational analysis of 2,2'-bithiophene revisited: the maximum entropy method applied to large sets of H-H and 13C-H partially averaged dipolar couplings. |
| PubMed:Isolation of bioactive components from Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze using high-speed counter-current chromatography and time-controlled collection method. |
| PubMed:Novel coating for solid-phase microextraction: electropolymerization of a molecular receptor functionalized with 2,2'-bithiophene for the determination of environmental pollutants at trace levels. |
| PubMed:Effect of mono- versus di-ammonium cation of 2,2'-bithiophene derivatives on the structure of organic-inorganic hybrid materials based on iodo metallates. |
| PubMed:Accumulation of thiophenes by cell cultures of tagetes patula and the release of 5-(4-Hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene into the medium. |
| PubMed:Conformational analysis of 2,2'-bithiophene: a (1)H liquid crystal NMR study using the (13)C satellite spectra. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of near-infrared luminescence of ytterbium in triple-stranded binuclear helicates. |
| PubMed:Far- and mid-infrared of crystalline 2,2'-bithiophene: ab initio analysis and comparison with infrared response. |
| PubMed:New Solvatochromic Dyes of the 5-Dimethylamino-5'nitro-2,2'-bithiophene Type. |
| PubMed:Polyhydroxyoligothiophenes. 2. Hydrogen-Bonding-Oriented Solid State Conformation of 3,3'-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2'-bithiophene and Regioselective Synthesis of the Corresponding Head-to-Head/Tail-to-Tail Quater- and Sexithiophene. |
| PubMed:Raman and theoretical study of the solvent effects on the sizable intramolecular charge transfer in the push-pull 5-(dimethylamino)-5'-nitro-2,2'-bithiophene. |
| PubMed:The low-lying excited states of 2,2'-bithiophene: a theoretical analysis. |
| PubMed:A novel and direct synthesis of alkylated 2,2'-bithiophene derivatives using a combination of hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and BF3.Et2O. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and properties of novel bis(triarylamines) based on a 3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-bithiophene core. |
| PubMed:3-boryl-2,2'-bithiophene as a versatile core skeleton for full-color highly emissive organic solids. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and functionalization of 3,3'-bis(spirodienone)-bridged 2,2'-bithiophene: a new building block for redox-active molecular switching materials. |
| PubMed:Spectroelectrochemical responses of thin-film conducting copolymers prepared electrochemically from mixtures of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 2,2'-bithiophene. |
| PubMed:X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of poly(2,2'-bithiophene) and its complexes. |
| PubMed:A versatile and efficient synthesis of bithiophene-based dicarboxaldehydes from a common synthon. |
| PubMed:Dipolar SAMs Reduce Charge Carrier Injection Barriers in n-Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, linear and nonlinear optical properties of phosphonato-substituted bithiophenes derived from 2,2'-biphenol. |
| PubMed:Pronounced Cosolvent Effects in Polymer:Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Sulfur-Rich Electron-Donating and Imide-Containing Electron-Accepting Polymers. |
| PubMed:Highly Crystalline Low Band Gap Polymer Based on Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione for High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells with a >400 nm Thick Active Layer. |
| PubMed:Spectral characteristics of carbonyl substituted 2,2'-bithiophenes in polymer matrices and low polar solvents. |
| PubMed:Alcohol-soluble bis(tpy)thiophenes: new building units for constitutional dynamic conjugated polyelectrolytes. |
| PubMed:Infrared Transition Moment Orientational Analysis on the Structural Organization of the Distinct Molecular Subunits in Thin Layers of a High Mobility n-Type Copolymer. |
| PubMed:Heavily n-Dopable π-Conjugated Redox Polymers with Ultrafast Energy Storage Capability. |
| PubMed:Single ion conducting, polymerized ionic liquid triblock copolymer films: high capacitance electrolyte gates for n-type transistors. |
| PubMed:GLC and GLC-mS analysis of thiophene derivatives in plants and in in vitro cultures of Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae). |
| PubMed:Semiconducting Polymers Consisting of Anthracene and Benzotriazole Units for Organic Solar Cells. |
| PubMed:Inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells employing polymer as the electron conductor. |
| PubMed:Structural characterization of highly oriented naphthalene-diimide-bithiophene copolymer films via vibrational spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:The lowest triplet states of bridged cis-2,2'-bithiophenes - theory vs. experiment. |
| PubMed:Determining the role of polymer molecular weight for high-performance all-polymer solar cells: its effect on polymer aggregation and phase separation. |
| PubMed:Theoretical studies on the effect of a bithiophene bridge with different substituent groups (R = H, CH₃, OCH₃ and CN) in donor-π-acceptor copolymers for organic solar cell applications. |
| PubMed:Hole-transporting small molecules based on thiophene cores for high efficiency perovskite solar cells. |
| PubMed:An efficient computational scheme for electronic excitation spectra of molecules in solution using the symmetry-adapted cluster-configuration interaction method: the accuracy of excitation energies and intuitive charge-transfer indices. |
| PubMed:Achieving a good life time in a vertical-organic-diode gas sensor. |
| PubMed:Organic semiconductor based on asymmetric naphthalene-thiophene molecule for organic thin film transistor. |
| PubMed:Solution-processable low-voltage and flexible floating-gate memories based on an n-type polymer semiconductor and high-k polymer gate dielectrics. |
| PubMed:Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with Highly Reduced Bimolecular Recombination and Field-Independent Charge Carrier Generation. |
| PubMed:A fused-ring acceptor unit in d-a copolymers benefits photovoltaic performance. |
| PubMed:Self-association of oligothiophenes in isotropic systems. |
| PubMed:Solar cell efficiency, self-assembly, and dipole-dipole interactions of isomorphic narrow-band-gap molecules. |
| PubMed:Symmetry and coplanarity of organic molecules affect their packing and photovoltaic properties in solution-processed solar cells. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and properties of thiophene-fused benzocarborane. |
| PubMed:Benzothienobenzothiophene-based conjugated oligomers as semiconductors for stable organic thin-film transistors. |
| PubMed:Structures and optical properties of tris(trimethylsilyl)silylated oligothiophene derivatives. |
| PubMed:Substrate steered crystallization of naphthyl end-capped oligothiophenes into nanofibers: the influence of methoxy-functionalization. |
| PubMed:The role of regioregularity, crystallinity, and chain orientation on electron transport in a high-mobility n-type copolymer. |
| PubMed:High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on phenothiazine dyes containing double anchors and thiophene spacers. |
| PubMed:Thiophene occurrence in different Tagetes species: agricultural biomasses as sources of biocidal substances. |
| PubMed:Inkjet-printing-based soft-etching technique for high-speed polymer ambipolar integrated circuits. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and transistor properties of asymmetric oligothiophenes: relationship between molecular structure and device performance. |
| PubMed:Remarkable order of a high-performance polymer. |
| PubMed:Orientation-dependent electronic structures and charge transport mechanisms in ultrathin polymeric n-channel field-effect transistors. |
| PubMed:Dialkoxybithiazole: a new building block for head-to-head polymer semiconductors. |
| PubMed:Emission enhancement of a carbazole-based fluorophore on a quantum dot surface. |
| PubMed:Theoretical study of the solvatochromism of a donor-acceptor bithiophene. |
| PubMed:Segregated versus mixed interchain stacking in highly oriented films of naphthalene diimide bithiophene copolymers. |
| PubMed:Local electronic properties at organic-metal interfaces: thiophene derivatives on Pt(111). |
| PubMed:Novel conjugated polymers based on dithieno[3,2-b:6,7-b]carbazole for solution processed thin-film transistors. |
| PubMed:Photocurrent generation in carbon nitride and carbon nitride/conjugated polymer composites. |
| PubMed:Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae of the essential oil and 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2, 2'-bithienyl isolated from Chrysactinia mexicana roots. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of new donor-acceptor type copolymers based on fluorene derivatives for photovoltaic solar cells. |
| PubMed:SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL BITHIOPHENE-SUBSTITUTED HETEROCYCLES BEARING CARBONITRILE GROUPS. |
| PubMed:Enhanced mobility in P3HT-based OTFTs upon blending with a phenylene-thiophene-thiophene-phenylene small molecule. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of low-molecular-weight π-conjugated polymers covered by persilylated β-cyclodextrin. |
| PubMed:Current mode atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) study for local electrical characterization of conjugated polymer blends. |
| PubMed:Gated photochromism in triarylborane-containing dithienylethenes: a new approach to a "lock-unlock" system. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterizations of regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophene) with alternating dodecyl/1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl side chains. |
| PubMed:Parameterization of the torsional potential for calix[4]arene-substituted poly(thiophene)s. |
| PubMed:A tailored hybrid BODIPY-oligothiophene donor for molecular bulk heterojunction solar cells with improved performances. |
| PubMed:Thiophene derivatives with antileishmanial activity isolated from aerial parts of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. |
| PubMed:Phosphorescence vs fluorescence in cyclometalated platinum(II) and iridium(III) complexes of (oligo)thienylpyridines. |
| PubMed:Two new thiophenes from Echinops latifolius and their phototoxic activities. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and photovoltaic properties of ester group functionalized polythiophene derivatives. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetrasulfides through multifold carbon-sulfur cross-coupling reactions with indium tri(organothiolates) in a one-pot procedure. |
| PubMed:Effect of substituents on redox, spectroscopic and structural properties of conjugated diaryltetrazines--a combined experimental and theoretical study. |
| PubMed:Electronic and optical properties of 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']bithiophene derivatives and their 4-heteroatom-substituted analogues: a joint theoretical and experimental comparison. |
| PubMed:A three-step synthetic approach to asymmetrically functionalized 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophenes. |
| PubMed:Electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of electropolymerized poly(thienylsilole)s. |
| PubMed:Isomer restriction on a nanoparticle surface and enhanced blue emission. |
| PubMed:Photopolymerization of conductive polymeric metal nanoparticles. |
| PubMed:Naphthalenedicarboximide- vs perylenedicarboximide-based copolymers. Synthesis and semiconducting properties in bottom-gate N-channel organic transistors. |
| PubMed:Thermochemistry of bithiophenes and thienyl radicals. A calorimetric and computational study. |
| PubMed:Dinuclear palladium-azido complexes containing thiophene derivatives: reactivity toward organic isocyanides and isothiocyanates. |
| PubMed:p-Channel organic semiconductors based on hybrid acene-thiophene molecules for thin-film transistor applications. |
| PubMed:Model complexes for metallated polythiophenes: gold(I) and palladium(II) complexes of bis(diphenylphosphino)oligothiophenes. |
| PubMed:Thiophenes from Echinops latifolius. |
| PubMed:Isolation of the insecticidal components of Tagetes minuta (Compositae) against mosquito larvae and adults. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of Novel Heteroquaterphenoquinones and Their Electrochemical, Structural, and Spectroscopic Characterization. |
| PubMed:Content of thiophenes in transformed root cultures of argentinian species of tagetes. |
| PubMed:Quaterthiophenes with terminal indeno[1,2-b]thiophene units as p-type organic semiconductors. |
| PubMed:Two-photon excitation behavior of thiophene-based oligomers and a polymer. |
| PubMed:Selective monolithiation of dibromobiaryls using microflow systems. |
| PubMed:Water-stable organic transistors and their application in chemical and biological sensors. |
| PubMed:n-channel polymers by design: optimizing the interplay of solubilizing substituents, crystal packing, and field-effect transistor characteristics in polymeric bithiophene-imide semiconductors. |
| PubMed:Spider-like oligothiophenes. |
| PubMed:Ultrafast photoinduced charge separation dynamics in polythiophene/SnO2 nanocomposites. |
| PubMed:Optical properties of N-succinimidyl bithiophene and the effects of the binding to biomolecules: comparison between coupled-cluster and time-dependent density functional theory calculations and experiments. |
| PubMed:Thiophene-thiophene versus phenyl-phenyl coupling in 2-(Diphenylamino)-Thiophenes: an ESR-UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemical study. |
| PubMed:Lamination method for the study of interfaces in polymeric thin film transistors. |
| PubMed:Palladium-catalyzed C-H homocoupling of thiophenes: facile construction of bithiophene structure. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and spectroscopic and electrochemical characterisation of a conducting polythiophene bearing a chiral beta-substituent: polymerisation of (+)-4,4 bi. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and Characterization of a New p-n Diblock Light-Emitting Copolymer. |
| PubMed:New antifungal bithienylacetylenes from Blumea obliqua. |
| PubMed:Potentiometric response of poly(3-octylthiophene), poly(3-methylthiophene) and polythiophene in aqueous solutions. |
| PubMed:Photopolymerization of metal nanoparticles on multiwall carbon nanotubes. |
| PubMed:Binary stacks of [CuC6F5]4 with arenes. |
| PubMed:Solvatochromic shift of donor-acceptor substituted bithiophene in solvents of different polarity: quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations. |
| PubMed:Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors and unipolar inverters using self-assembled interface dipoles on gate dielectrics. |
| PubMed:Bis[bis-(4-alkoxyphenyl)amino] derivatives of dithienylethene, bithiophene, dithienothiophene and dithienopyrrole: palladium-catalysed synthesis and highly delocalised radical cations. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and ion sensing properties of new colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors based on bithienyl-imidazo-anthraquinone chromophores. |
| PubMed:Electronic communication and negative binding cooperativity in diborylated bithiophenes. |
| PubMed:Photoelectrochemistry of conducting polymers modified with electron-acceptor moieties. |
| PubMed:Antifeedant and toxicity effects of thiophenes from four Echinops species against the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus. |
| PubMed:Easily processable phenylene-thiophene-based organic field-effect transistors and solution-fabricated nonvolatile transistor memory elements. |
| PubMed:Solvent-free, microwave-assisted synthesis of thiophene oligomers via Suzuki coupling. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of thiophenes in Tagetes patula. |
| PubMed:Butenylbithiophene, alpha-terthienyl and hydroxytremetone as contact allergens in cultivars of marigold (Tagetes sp.). |
|
3D/inchi