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Category:extraction solvents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless gas (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | -39.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 4990.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | -120.00 °F. TCC ( -84.40 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 0.770 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 767.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-dog LC > 32 pph/1H
Human & Experimental Toxicology. Vol. 14, Pg. 715, 1995.
inhalation-mouse LC50 1700000 mg/m3/2H
Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. Vol. (3), Pg. 25, 1996.
inhalation-rat LC50 1500000 mg/m3/4H
Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. Vol. (3), Pg. 25, 1996.
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | extraction solvents |
| Recommendation for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Recommendation for 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro- | | | freon 134a | | | HC 134a | | | HCFC 134a | | | HFC 134a | | | HFC-134a | | | hydrofluorocarbon 134A | | | norflurane | | | refrigerant 134a | | | refrigerant R 134a | | | refrigerant R134a | | 1,1,1,2- | tetrafluorethan |
Articles:
| PubMed:Quantification of Aerosol Hydrofluoroalkane HFA-134a Elimination in the Exhaled Human Breath Following Inhaled Corticosteroids Administration. |
| PubMed:Thermochemical Properties Enthalpy, Entropy, and Heat Capacity of C1-C4 Fluorinated Hydrocarbons: Fluorocarbon Group Additivity. |
| PubMed:Does acetaminophen/hydrocodone affect cold pulpal testing in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis? A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. |
| PubMed:Environmental fate of the next generation refrigerant 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf). |
| PubMed:Factors influencing aerodynamic particle size distribution of suspension pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| PubMed:Palatal anesthesia: comparison of four techniques for decreasing injection discomfort. |
| PubMed:Skin sterility after application of a vapocoolant spray. |
| PubMed:Hydroxyl radical reaction rate coefficients as a function of temperature and IR absorption cross sections for CF3CH=CH2 (HFO-1243zf), potential replacement of CF3CH2F (HFC-134a). |
| PubMed:R-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane) Inhalation Induced Reactive Airways Dysfunction Syndrome. |
| PubMed:Orofacial and digital frostbite caused by inhalant abuse. |
| PubMed:Airborne trifluoroacetic acid and its fraction from the degradation of HFC-134a in Beijing, China. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of dental pulp sensibility tests in a clinical setting. |
| PubMed:Pyrolysis of wood to biochar: increasing yield while maintaining microporosity. |
| PubMed:Blood and exhaled air can be used for biomonitoring of hydrofluorocarbon exposure. |
| PubMed:Estimated emissions of chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons based on an interspecies correlation method in the Pearl River Delta region, China. |
| PubMed:Identification of volatiles by headspace gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. |
| PubMed:Predictive values of thermal and electrical dental pulp tests: a clinical study. |
| PubMed:Cryosurgery by tetrafluoroethane: An answer to black gums. |
| PubMed:Performance of an electrothermal swing adsorption system with postdesorption liquefaction for organic gas capture and recovery. |
| PubMed:Optimization of subcritical fluid extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Laminaria japonica Aresch by response surface methodology. |
| PubMed:Development of a subcritical fluid extraction and GC-MS validation method for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine samples. |
| PubMed:Cryotherapeutic topical analgesics for pediatric intravenous catheter placement: ice versus vapocoolant spray. |
| PubMed:Cosuspensions of microcrystals and engineered microparticles for uniform and efficient delivery of respiratory therapeutics from pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| PubMed:Optimisation for subcritical fluid extraction of 17-methyltestosterone with 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane for HPLC analysis. |
| PubMed:Fast and simple extraction of pesticide residues in selected fruits and vegetables using tetrafluoroethane and toluene followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Development and validation of a subcritical fluid extraction and high performance liquid chromatography assay for medroxyprogesterone in aquatic products. |
| PubMed:Future emissions and atmospheric fate of HFC-1234yf from mobile air conditioners in Europe. |
| PubMed:Reverse aqueous microemulsions in hydrofluoroalkane propellants and their aerosol characteristics. |
| PubMed:Synthetic utilization of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| PubMed:Effect of topical vapocoolant spray on response to arthrocentesis and intravenous catheterization in unsedated horses. |
| PubMed:Stratum corneum permeation and percutaneous drug delivery of hydrophilic molecules enhanced by cryopneumatic and photopneumatic technologies. |
| PubMed:A randomized controlled trial of analgesia during vaccination in adults. |
| PubMed:Effect of repeated refrigerant spray applications using various carriers on pulpal temperature change. |
| PubMed:Supercritical fluid extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from house dust with supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). |
| PubMed:Estimated 2017 refrigerant emissions of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC-1234yf) in the United States resulting from automobile air conditioning. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of lamellar resection, cryotherapy, and adjunctive grafting for the treatment of canine limbal melanoma. |
| PubMed:Reproductive and developmental toxicity of hydrofluorocarbons used as refrigerants. |
| PubMed:Liquid-air partition coefficients of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC143a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (HFC125) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC245fa). |
| PubMed:The validity of pulp testing: a clinical study. |
| PubMed:A comparison of a refrigerant and a topical anesthetic gel as preinjection anesthetics: a clinical evaluation. |
| PubMed:All-atom force field for the prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria and interfacial properties of HFA134a. |
| PubMed:Solvent-solute interactions in hydrofluoroalkane propellants. |
| PubMed:Decomposition of hydrofluorocarbons in a dielectric-packed plasma reactor. |
| PubMed:[Pleural talcage and peroperative detection of a second halogen gas: careful to 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane]. |
| PubMed:Determination of reference ultrasound parameters for model and hydrofluoroalkane propellants using high-resolution ultrasonic spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:One-solvent extraction of astaxanthin from lactic acid fermented shrimp wastes. |
| PubMed:Stability and activity of lipase in subcritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a). |
| PubMed:Extrinsic allergic alveolitis with eosinophil infiltration induced by 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a): a case report. |
| PubMed:Use of the cold test as a measure of pulpal anesthesia during endodontic therapy: a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. |
| PubMed:Cryosurgical treatment of gingival melanin pigmentation with tetrafluoroethane. |
| PubMed:Toxicokinetics of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) in male volunteers after experimental exposure. |
| PubMed:Microscopic and thermodynamic properties of the HFA134a-water interface: atomistic computer simulations and tensiometry under pressure. |
| PubMed:Surfactant design for the 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane-water interface: ab initio calculations and in situ high-pressure tensiometry. |
| PubMed:Comparative study of cryogen spray cooling with R-134a and R-404a: implications for laser treatment of dark human skin. |
| PubMed:Application of the cell potential method to predict phase equilibria of multicomponent gas hydrate systems. |
| PubMed:CH-stretching overtone spectroscopy of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| PubMed:Survey of volatile organic compounds found in indoor and outdoor air samples from Japan. |
| PubMed:An overview of environmental hazards and exposure risk of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). |
| PubMed:A new method for separating HFC-134a from gas mixtures using clathrate hydrate formation. |
| PubMed:Cold testing through full-coverage restorations. |
| PubMed:[Corticoid dose aerosol without FCKW. New technology assures optimal particle size]. |
| PubMed:An atmospheric pressure chemical ionization study of the positive and negative ion chemistry of the hydrofluorocarbons 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and of perfluoro-n-hexane (FC-72) in air plasma at atmospheric pressure. |
| PubMed:Medical aerosol propellant interference with infrared anaesthetic gas monitors. |
| PubMed:On-line high-performance liquid chromatography method for analyte quantitation from pressurized metered dose inhalers. |
| PubMed:Application of magnetic resonance imaging to the investigation of the diffusivity of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethane in two polymers. |
| PubMed:Effect of spurt duration on the heat transfer dynamics during cryogen spray cooling. |
| PubMed:Experimental study of cryogen spray properties for application in dermatologic laser surgery. |
| PubMed:A glass capillary cell for in situ powder X-ray diffraction of condensed volatile compounds. Solid HCFC-123a and HCFC-124. |
| PubMed:Methodology for characterizing heat removal mechanism in human skin during cryogen spray cooling. |
| PubMed:Effects of mass flow rate and droplet velocity on surface heat flux during cryogen spray cooling. |
| PubMed:Dynamic behavior of cryogen spray cooling: effects of spurt duration and spray distance. |
| PubMed:Measurements of laser light attenuation following cryogen spray cooling spurt termination. |
| PubMed:Chemically assisted laser ablation ICP mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[Formulation of advancing products of pulmonary medicine absorption]. |
| PubMed:Quantification of the refrigerants R22 and R134a in mixtures by means of different polymers and reflectometric interference spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Comparison of carbon dioxide versus refrigerant spray to determine pulpal responsiveness. |
| PubMed:R-134a emissions from vehicles. |
| PubMed:Methodology for estimation of time-dependent surface heat flux due to cryogen spray cooling. |
| PubMed:Metering performance of several metered-dose inhalers with different spacers/holding chambers. |
| PubMed:Investigations on the liver toxicity of a blend of HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and HCFC-124 (2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in guinea-pigs. |
| PubMed:Laser-mediated cartilage reshaping with feedback-controlled cryogen spray cooling: biophysical properties and viability. |
| PubMed:An analysis of heat removal during cryogen spray cooling and effects of simultaneous airflow application. |
| PubMed:Cryogen spray cooling in laser dermatology: effects of ambient humidity and frost formation. |
| PubMed:Acute neurobehavioral effects in rats from exposure to HFC 134a or CFC 12. |
| PubMed:Characterisation of the aggregation behaviour in a salmeterol and fluticasone propionate inhalation aerosol system. |
| PubMed:Active skin cooling in conjunction with laser dermatologic surgery. |
| PubMed:Epidermal protection with cryogen spray cooling during high fluence pulsed dye laser irradiation: an ex vivo study. |
| PubMed:Human safety and pharmacokinetics of the CFC alternative propellants HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane) following whole-body exposure. |
| PubMed:Polystyrene microsphere spray standards based on CFC-free inhaler technology. |
| PubMed:Long-term safety of a non-chlorofluorocarbon-containing triamcinolone acetonide inhalation aerosol in patients with asthma. Azmacort HFA Study Group. |
| PubMed:Solubilization of hydrophilic compounds in 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane with a cationic surfactant |
| PubMed:Cryogen spray cooling during laser tissue welding. |
| PubMed:Safety of cryogen spray cooling during pulsed laser treatment of selected dermatoses. |
| PubMed:Cryogen spray cooling and higher fluence pulsed dye laser treatment improve port-wine stain clearance while minimizing epidermal damage. |
| PubMed:Cumulative dose response study comparing HFA-134a albuterol sulfate and conventional CFC albuterol in patients with asthma. |
| PubMed:Compatibility evaluation of metered-dose inhaler valve elastomers with tetrafluoroethane (P134a), a non-CFC propellant. |
| PubMed:Surfactant dissolution and water solubilization in chlorine-free liquified gas propellants. |
| PubMed:Summarizing the effectiveness of supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from natural matrix environmental samples. |
| PubMed:Metered-dose inhaler formulations with beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate using the ozone friendly propellant R 134a. |
| PubMed:A comparative study of human skin thermal response to sapphire contact and cryogen spray cooling. |
| PubMed:Centrifugal Distortion Analysis of the Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane |
| PubMed:Tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134A) propellant-driven aerosols of proteins. |
| PubMed:Adsorbability of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoromethane (HFC134a) onto Plasma-Treated Activated Carbon in CF4 and CCl4 |
| PubMed:Subchronic toxicity and teratogenicity of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124). |
| PubMed:HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane): effects of inhalation exposure upon reproductive performance, development and maturation of rats. |
| PubMed:Toxicology of chlorofluorocarbon replacements. |
| PubMed:Clinical evaluation of CFC-free metered dose inhalers. |
| PubMed:Clinical pharmacology of HFA134a. |
| PubMed:Safety of propellants. |
| PubMed:An overview of the toxicology of HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane). |
| PubMed:HFA-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane); lack of oncogenicity in rodents after inhalation. |
| PubMed:A theoretical study of the thermal response of skin to cryogen spray cooling and pulsed laser irradiation: implications for treatment of port wine stain birthmarks. |
| PubMed:Gas-uptake pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124) in the rat, mouse, and hamster. |
| PubMed:Disposition of inhaled 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA134A) in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Measurement by 18F-labeling and whole-body gamma-counting. |
| PubMed:GR106642X: a new, non-ozone depleting propellant for inhalers. |
| PubMed:Salmeterol inhaler using a non-chlorinated propellant, HFA134a: systemic pharmacodynamic activity in healthy volunteers. |
| PubMed:Determination of the chlorofluorocarbon substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFA-134a) in human and animal blood using gas chromatography with headspace analysis. |
| PubMed:1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane: repeat exposure inhalation toxicity in the rat, developmental toxicity in the rabbit, and genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and in vivo disposition studies of 18F-labeled HFA-134a. |
| PubMed:Dynamic monitoring of total-body absorption by 19F NMR spectroscopy: one hour ventilation of HFA-134a in male and female rats. |
| PubMed:The minimal metabolism of inhaled 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane to trifluoroacetic acid in man as determined by high sensitivity 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine samples. |
| PubMed:Formation of trifluoroacetic acid from the atmospheric degradation of hydrofluorocarbon 134a: a human health concern? |
| PubMed:Interaction of fluoroethane chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) substitutes with microsomal cytochrome P450. Stimulation of P450 activity and chlorodifluoroethene metabolism. |
| PubMed:Metabolic fate and disposition of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) in rat following a single exposure by inhalation. |
| PubMed:Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of selected halon replacement candidates. |
| PubMed:Pentahaloethane-based chlorofluorocarbon substitutes and halothane: correlation of in vivo hepatic protein trifluoroacetylation and urinary trifluoroacetic acid excretion with calculated enthalpies of activation. |
| PubMed:Dominant role of cytochrome P-450 2E1 in human hepatic microsomal oxidation of the CFC-substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| PubMed:Defluorination of the CFC-substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane: comparison in human, rat and rabbit hepatic microsomes. |
| PubMed:Metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons: current knowledge and needs for the future. |
| PubMed:Oxidation of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane in rat liver microsomes is catalyzed primarily by cytochrome P-450IIE1. |
| PubMed:Oxidative defluorination of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane by rat liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Modulation of glucose metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes by 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. |
| PubMed:Defluorination of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) by rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane: an inhalation anesthetic agent of intermediate potency. |
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3D/inchi