| Name: | 2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,23-undecaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene |  
| CAS Number:  | 472-93-5 |  3D/inchi
 |  
| Other(deleted CASRN): | 10323-83-8 |  
| FDA UNII:  | DH369M0SOE |  
| Nikkaji Web: | J5.953F |  
| Beilstein Number: | 3226412 |  
| XlogP3: | 14.50 (est) |  
| Molecular Weight: | 536.88632000 |  
| Formula: | C40 H56 |  
| NMR Predictor: | Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox) |  
 
Category:natural substances and extractives 
  
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information: 
  
Physical Properties: 
| Assay: |  95.00 to 100.00 
 |  
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed:  | No |  
| Boiling Point: |  261.00 °C. @  760.00 mm Hg
 |  
| Soluble in: |  
|   | water, 1.054e-013 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |  
 
  
Organoleptic Properties: 
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |  
 
  
Cosmetic Information: 
  
Suppliers: 
  
Safety Information: 
|   |  
| Hazards identification |  
|   |  
|  Classification of the substance or mixture |  
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |  
| None found. |  
|  GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |  
|   |  
| Pictogram |  |  
|   |  
                                                                     
| Hazard statement(s) |  
| None found. |  
| Precautionary statement(s) |  
| None found. |  
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:  |  
| 
Not determined
 |  
| Dermal Toxicity:  |  
| 
Not determined
 |  
| Inhalation Toxicity:  |  
| 
Not determined
 |  
 
  
Safety in Use Information: 
| Category:  |  | natural substances and extractives |  
| Recommendation for gamma-carotene usage levels up to:  |  |   | not for fragrance use.
 |  
|   |  
| Recommendation for gamma-carotene flavor usage levels up to:  |  
|   | not for flavor use.
 |  
 
  
Safety References: 
| EPI System: View |  
| AIDS Citations:Search |  
| Cancer Citations:Search |  
| Toxicology Citations:Search |  
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |  
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |  
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5280791 |  
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |  
| WGK Germany:3 |  
| 2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,23-undecaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene |  
| Chemidplus:0000472935 |  
 
  
References: 
|   | 2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,23-undecaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene |  
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |  
| Pubchem (cid): | 5280791 |  
| Pubchem (sid): | 134975504 |  
 
  
Other Information: 
  
Potential Blenders and core components  note 
  
Potential Uses: 
  
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note 
  
Synonyms: 
| beta,psi- | carotene |  | gamma- | carotene, all-trans- |  | 2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,12,16,20,24- | hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,23-undecaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene |  
 
  
Articles:
| PubMed:Metabolites contributing to Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA maturation and sclerotial differentiation revealed by UPLC-QTOF-MS metabolomics. |  
| PubMed:Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Lycopene β-Cyclase from Macrophytic Red Alga Bangia fuscopurpurea. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles derived from the Actinomycete Gordonia amicalis HS-11 as effective free radical scavengers. |  
| PubMed:Determination of target fat-soluble micronutrients in rainbow trout's muscle and liver tissues by liquid chromatography with diode array-tandem mass spectrometry detection. |  
| PubMed:Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 CruA (sll0147) encodes lycopene cyclase and requires bound chlorophyll a for activity. |  
| PubMed:Identification and characterization of yeasts isolated from sedimentary rocks of Union Glacier at the Antarctica. |  
| PubMed:Waste cooking oil: A new substrate for carotene production by Blakeslea trispora in submerged fermentation. |  
| PubMed:Improvement of Sporobolomyces ruberrimus carotenoids production by the use of raw glycerol. |  
| PubMed:Tolerance to Ultraviolet Radiation of Psychrotolerant Yeasts and Analysis of Their Carotenoid, Mycosporine, and Ergosterol Content. |  
| PubMed:Crystal structure of 1'-OH-carotenoid 3,4-desaturase from Nonlabens dokdonensis DSW-6. |  
| PubMed:Increased temperature produces changes in the bioactive composition of tomato, depending on its developmental stage. |  
| PubMed:Chloracidobacterium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov.: an anoxygenic microaerophilic chlorophotoheterotrophic acidobacterium. |  
| PubMed:Oxidative metabolites of lycopene and γ-carotene in gac (Momordica cochinchinensis). |  
| PubMed:Changes in color-related compounds in tomato fruit exocarp and mesocarp during ripening using HPLC-APcI(+)-mass Spectrometry. |  
| PubMed:From cheese whey to carotenes by Blakeslea trispora in a bubble column reactor. |  
| PubMed:Lipid-dissolved γ-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene in globular chromoplasts of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits. |  
| PubMed:Identification of a novel carotenoid, 2'-isopentenylsaproxanthin, by Jejuia pallidilutea strain 11shimoA1 and its increased production under alkaline condition. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid production from n-alkanes with a broad range of chain lengths by the novel species Gordonia ajoucoccus A2(T). |  
| PubMed:Tentative identification of torulene cis/trans geometrical isomers isolated from Sporidiobolus pararoseus by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry and preparation by column chromatography. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids, versatile components of oxygenic photosynthesis. |  
| PubMed:Oxidative stress response of Blakeslea trispora induced by iron ions during carotene production in shake flask culture. |  
| PubMed:Overexpression and characterization of lycopene cyclase (CrtY) from marine bacterium Paracoccus haeundaensis. |  
| PubMed:Characterization and singlet oxygen quenching activity of (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-ketotorulene and (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-keto-γ-carotene isolated from the yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhrous. |  
| PubMed:Characterization of an apo-carotenoid 13,14-dioxygenase from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans that converts β-apo-8'-carotenal to β-apo-13-carotenone. |  
| PubMed:Partial synthesis of serum carotenoids and their metabolites. |  
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of the biomarker okenone: χ-ring formation. |  
| PubMed:Isolation of a novel carotenoid, OH-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate, and related rare carotenoids from Rhodococcus sp. CIP and their antioxidative activities. |  
| PubMed:Stimulation of the biosynthesis of carotenes by oxidative stress in Blakeslea trispora induced by elevated dissolved oxygen levels in the culture medium. |  
| PubMed:The MAT1-2-1 mating-type gene upregulates photo-inducible carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides. |  
| PubMed:Associations of dietary dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables and fruits with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: modification by smoking. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid composition and antioxidant activity of the raw and boiled fruit mesocarp of six varieties of Bactris gasipaes. |  
| PubMed:Analysis and identification of astaxanthin and its carotenoid precursors from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous by high-performance liquid chromatography. |  
| PubMed:Spectroscopic studies of carotenoid-to-bacteriochlorophyll energy transfer in LHRC photosynthetic complex from Roseiflexus castenholzii. |  
| PubMed:Excited state properties of aryl carotenoids. |  
| PubMed:Identification of carotenoids produced from cheese whey by Blakeslea trispora in submerged fermentation. |  
| PubMed:Functional analysis of gamma-carotene ketolase involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis of Deinococcus radiodurans. |  
| PubMed:Deviation of the neurosporaxanthin pathway towards beta-carotene biosynthesis in Fusarium fujikuroi by a point mutation in the phytoene desaturase gene. |  
| PubMed:A novel carotenoid 1,2-hydratase (CruF) from two species of the non-photosynthetic bacterium Deinococcus. |  
| PubMed:In vitro characterization of a recombinant Blh protein from an uncultured marine bacterium as a beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase. |  
| PubMed:Dietary predictors of serum total carotene in low-income women living in São Paulo, south-east Brazil. |  
| PubMed:Pigment organization in the photosynthetic apparatus of Roseiflexus castenholzii. |  
| PubMed:Characterization of the rice carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 reveals a novel route for geranial biosynthesis. |  
| PubMed:C(35)-apocarotenoids in the yellow mutant Neurospora crassa YLO. |  
| PubMed:Substrate specificity of a recombinant chicken beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase that converts beta-carotene into retinal. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids in a Corynebacterineae, Gordonia terrae AIST-1: carotenoid glucosyl mycoloyl esters. |  
| PubMed:Variation in the carotenoid composition of the lycopene-rich Brazilian fruit Eugenia uniflora L. |  
| PubMed:Isorenieratene biosynthesis in green sulfur bacteria requires the cooperative actions of two carotenoid cyclases. |  
| PubMed:Effect of biomass pre-treatment and solvent extraction on beta-carotene and lycopene recovery from Blakeslea trispora cells. |  
| PubMed:Conversion of the lycopene monocyclase of Myxococcus xanthus into a bicyclase. |  
| PubMed:Culture characteristics of carotenoid-producing filamentous fungus T-1, and carotenoid production. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid profiles of yeasts belonging to the genera Rhodotorula, Rhodosporidium, Sporobolomyces, and Sporidiobolus. |  
| PubMed:Tomato juice decreases LDL cholesterol levels and increases LDL resistance to oxidation. |  
| PubMed:Identification of the gene responsible for torulene cleavage in the Neurospora carotenoid pathway. |  
| PubMed:Diversity and function of Chloroflexus-like bacteria in a hypersaline microbial mat: phylogenetic characterization and impact on aerobic respiration. |  
| PubMed:Retinal biosynthesis in fungi: characterization of the carotenoid oxygenase CarX from Fusarium fujikuroi. |  
| PubMed:Simple method for the extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of carotenoid pigments from red yeasts (Basidiomycota, Fungi). |  
| PubMed:The biotechnological potential of the al-2 gene from Neurospora [correction of Neurospra] crassa for the production of monocyclic keto hydroxy carotenoids. |  
| PubMed:Chlorobium chlorochromatii sp. nov., a symbiotic green sulfur bacterium isolated from the phototrophic consortium "Chlorochromatium aggregatum". |  
| PubMed:Structure elucidation of deoxylutein II isomers by on-line capillary high performance liquid chromatography-(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. |  
| PubMed:Torularhodin and torulene are the major contributors to the carotenoid pool of marine Rhodosporidium babjevae (Golubev). |  
| PubMed:Analysis of carotenoid composition in petals of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). |  
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of the xanthophyll plectaniaxanthin as a stress response in the red yeast Dioszegia (Tremellales, Heterobasidiomycetes, Fungi). |  
| PubMed:Lipids of Haloferax alexandrinus strain TM(T): an extremely halophilic canthaxanthin-producing archaeon. |  
| PubMed:Monocyclic carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous). |  
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of the B808-866 light-harvesting complex from green filamentous bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. |  
| PubMed:Metabolic engineering for synthesis of aryl carotenoids in Rhodococcus. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids from new apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) varieties and their relationship with flesh and skin color. |  
| PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of five carotenoids in tomato by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. |  
| PubMed:Antioxidative properties of lycopene and other carotenoids from tomatoes: synergistic effects. |  
| PubMed:Novel beta-carotene ketolases from non-photosynthetic bacteria for canthaxanthin synthesis. |  
| PubMed:[Carotenoids and fatty acids in red yeasts Sporobolomyces roseus and Rhodotorula glutinis]. |  
| PubMed:Genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum. |  
| PubMed:1-Hydroxy monocyclic carotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium that produces myxol. |  
| PubMed:The role of carotenoids in the photoadaptation of the brown-colored sulfur bacterium Chlorobium phaeobacteroides. |  
| PubMed:Asymmetrically acting lycopene beta-cyclases (CrtLm) from non-photosynthetic bacteria. |  
| PubMed:Oxygenated lycopene and dehydrated lutein in tomato puree. |  
| PubMed:Characterization of the chlorosome antenna of the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Chloronema sp. strain UdG9001. |  
| PubMed:Structural and functional analysis of a lycopene beta-monocyclase gene isolated from a unique marine bacterium that produces myxol. |  
| PubMed:Nutritional deficiencies in German middle-class male alcohol consumers: relation to dietary intake and severity of liver disease. |  
| PubMed:A new carotenoid glycosyl ester isolated from a marine microorganism, Fusarium strain T-1. |  
| PubMed:Chemistry, distribution, and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health. |  
| PubMed:Identification and quantification of carotenoid pigments in aeciospores of the daisy rust fungus, Puccinia distincta. |  
| PubMed:No changes in serum fat-soluble vitamin and carotenoid concentrations with the intake of plant sterol/stanol esters in the context of a controlled diet. |  
| PubMed:Roseiflexus castenholzii gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium that lacks chlorosomes. |  
| PubMed:Absence of carotenes and presence of a tertiary methoxy group in a carotenoid from a thermophilic filamentous photosynthetic bacterium Roseiflexus castenholzii. |  
| PubMed:A novel, selective, and efficient route to carotenoids and related natural products via Zr-catalyzed carboalumination and Pd- and Zn-catalyzed cross coupling. |  
| PubMed:A single five-step desaturase is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway to beta-carotene and torulene in Neurospora crassa. |  
| PubMed:Latin American food sources of carotenoids. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid and ultrastructure variations in plastids of Arum italicum Miller fruit during maturation and ripening. |  
| PubMed:Novel hydroxycarotenoids with improved antioxidative properties produced by gene combination in Escherichia coli. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid pigments in Rosa mosqueta hips, an alternative carotenoid source for foods. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids from guava (Psidium guajava l.): isolation and structure elucidation. |  
| PubMed:Nutrient content of tomatoes and tomato products. |  
| PubMed:Synthesis of atypical cyclic and acyclic hydroxy carotenoids in Escherichia coli transformants. |  
| PubMed:Purification and biochemical characterization of a hydroxyneurosporene desaturase involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the carotenoid spheroidene in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. |  
| PubMed:New carotenoids from the thermophilic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum: 1',2'-dihydro-gamma-carotene, 1',2'-dihydrochlorobactene, and OH-chlorobactene glucoside ester, and the carotenoid composition of different strains. |  
| PubMed:Thermocryptoxanthins: novel intermediates in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway of Thermus thermophilus |  
| PubMed:Expression, purification and properties of lycopene cyclase from Erwinia uredovora. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid biosynthesis in wild type and mutant strains of Mucor circinelloides. |  
| PubMed:Biochemical characterization of purified zeta-carotene desaturase from Anabaena PCC 7120 after expression in Escherichia coli. |  
| PubMed:Chloroflexus aggregans sp. nov., a filamentous phototrophic bacterium which forms dense cell aggregates by active gliding movement. |  
| PubMed:Isolation, structural elucidation, and partial synthesis of lutein dehydration products in extracts from human plasma. |  
| PubMed:[Essential antioxidants in cardiovascular diseases--lessons for Europe]. |  
| PubMed:[Effect of ripening and drying on pro-vitamin A carotenoid content in pepper (Capsicum annuum var. Anaheim)]. |  
| PubMed:Determination of several retinoids, carotenoids and E vitamers by high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to plasma and tissues of rats fed a diet rich in either beta-carotene or canthaxanthin. |  
| PubMed:In vivo channeling of substrates in an enzyme aggregate for beta-carotene biosynthesis. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols as biological singlet molecular oxygen quenchers. |  
| PubMed:Identification of carotenoids in Erwinia herbicola and in a transformed Escherichia coli strain. |  
| PubMed:Photobleaching in the unicellular green alga Dunaliella parva 19/9. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid pigments of genus Rhodococcus. |  
| PubMed:Assessment of provitamin A determination by open column chromatography/visible absorption spectrophotometry. |  
| PubMed:Analysis of lipophilic pigments from a phototrophic microbial mat community by high performance liquid chromatography. |  
| PubMed:Pigment organization and energy transfer in the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus : II. The chlorosome. |  
| PubMed:Genetic regulation of carotene biosynthesis in selected tomato strains: aspects of beta-carotene biosynthesis and B gene specificity. |  
| PubMed:Chloroherpeton thalassium gen. nov. et spec. nov., a non-filamentous, flexing and gliding green sulfur bacterium. |  
| PubMed:Substrate transfer in carotene biosynthesis in Phycomyces. |  
| PubMed:Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis in Micrococcus roseus. |  
| PubMed:Structure of the principal carotenoid pigment of Cellulomonas biazotea. |  
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of aryl carotenoids: inhibitor studies of chlorobactene biosynthesis in Chlorobium limicola f. thiosulfatophilum. |  
| PubMed:Carotenogenesis associated with arthrosporulation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. |  
| PubMed:Isolation and Characterization of Carotenoid-rich Lipid Globules from Peridinium foliaceum. |  
| PubMed:Studies on the near-UV effect on carotenogenesis in Verticillium agaricinum. |  
| PubMed:The carotenoids of Flavobacterium strain R1560. |  
| PubMed:N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and UV induced mutants of the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid glucosides and menaquinones from the gliding bacterium Herpetosiphon giganteus Hp a2. |  
| PubMed:Bacterial carotenoids. LII. C50-Carotenoids. 18. Synthesis of the model compounds (2R,6S,2'R,6'S)-2,2'-dimethyl-gamma, gamma-carotene and (2R,2'R,6'S)-2,2'-dimethyl-beta,gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:4-Keto-gamma-carotene(beta, psi-caroten-4-one), the major pigment of an Arthrobacter sp. |  
| PubMed:Enzymatic synthesis of C40 carotenes by cell-free preparation from Halobacterium cutirubrum. |  
| PubMed:[Thermus ruber obligate thermophilic bacteria in the thermal springs of Kamchatka]. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoid pigments of Mycobacterium kansasii. |  
| PubMed:Animal carotenoids. 8. Synthesis of beta, gamma-carotene and gamma, gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:A carotenogenic enzyme aggregate in Phycomyces: evidence from quantitive complementation. |  
| PubMed:[Studies on the carotenoids in petals of Oenothera : I. Qualitative and quantitative determinations in standard yellow, sulfurea and vetaurea flowers]. |  
| PubMed:Animal carotenoids. 7. Carotenes of two colour variants of the aphid Macrosiphum liriodendri--identification of natural gamma, gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:[Light dependent carotenoid synthesis : VI. Time course of synthesis of various carotenoids in Fusarium aquaeductuum after various inductive treatments]. |  
| PubMed:Lipids produced by Epicoccum nigrum in submerged culture. |  
| PubMed:[The identification of carotenoids from leaves and algae separated by thin-layer chromatography]. |  
| PubMed:[Gamma-carotene in Synchytrium taraxaci]. |  
| PubMed:[Extraction and quantitative determination of carotenoids and chlorophylls of leaves, algae and isolated chloroplasts with the aid of thin-layer chromatography]. |  
| PubMed:Carotenoids and related compounds. 13. Synthesis of 4-keto-gamma-carotene and its 1'-hydroxy-1',2'-dihydro derivative. |  
| PubMed:BIOSYNTHESIS OF YEAST CAROTENOIDS. |  
| PubMed:Gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:Stereoisomerization of the polycis compounds, pro-gamma-carotene and prolycopene in chickens and hens. |  
| PubMed:A rich source of gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:Contribution to the structure of pro-gamma-carotene and prolycopene obtained from various sources. |  
| PubMed:Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity; a comparison of all-trans-gamma-carotene and pro-gamma-carotene with all-trans-beta-carotene in the chick. |  
| PubMed:Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity; pro-gamma-carotene (a poly-cis compound) and its all-trans isomer in the rat. |  
| PubMed:Stereochemical configuration and provitamin A activity; some cis-trans isomers of gamma-carotene. |  
| PubMed:CAROTENOIDS OF TELIAL GALLS OF GYMNOSPORANGIUM JUNIPERI-VIRGINIANAE LK. |  
 
  
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