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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 2.092e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for lycopsamine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for lycopsamine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Dietary exposure assessment to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the European population
View page or View pdf
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| EPI System: View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :107938 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| [(7R,8R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate |
| Chemidplus:0010285071 |
References:
| | [(7R,8R)-7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 107938 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135065632 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | butanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)-, [(1R,7aR)-2,3,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl]methyl ester, (2S,3S)- | | [(7R,8R)-7- | hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrrolizin-1-yl]methyl (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutanoate | | (1R-(1alpha,7(2S*,3S*),7abeta))-(2,3,5,7a- | tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-1H-pyrrolizin-7-yl)methyl 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(1-methylethyl)butanoate |
Articles:
| PubMed:Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii. |
| PubMed:Development and validation of a QuEChERS method coupled to liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry to determine pyrrolizidine and tropane alkaloids in honey. |
| PubMed:Penetration of lycopsamine from a comfrey ointment through human epidermis. |
| PubMed:Survey of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in seven varieties of Lappula squarrosa: An alternative source of heart-healthy vegetable oil. |
| PubMed:Quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in North American plants and honey by LC-MS: single laboratory validation. |
| PubMed:A Validated, Rapid HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Lycopsamine. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food and feed on the Belgian market. |
| PubMed:The comparative toxicity of a reduced, crude comfrey (Symphytum officinale) alkaloid extract and the pure, comfrey-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids, lycopsamine and intermedine in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). |
| PubMed:Pro-toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in the traditional Andean herbal medicine "asmachilca". |
| PubMed:Characterization and screening of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides from botanicals and dietary supplements using UHPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:An in vitro comparison of the cytotoxic potential of selected dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and some N-oxides. |
| PubMed:Recognition of pyrrolizidine alkaloid esters in the invasive aquatic plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Asteraceae). |
| PubMed:TLC densitometric method for screening of lycopsamine in comfrey root (Symphytum officinale L.) extracts using retrorsine as a reference compound. |
| PubMed:Development of a fast isocratic LC-MS/MS method for the high-throughput analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Australian honey. |
| PubMed:Semi-automated separation of the epimeric dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids lycopsamine and intermedine: preparation of their N-oxides and NMR comparison with diastereoisomeric rinderine and echinatine. |
| PubMed:Profiling of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in herbarium-preserved specimens of amsinckia species using HPLC-esi(+)MS. |
| PubMed:Development and validation of a rapid multiplex ELISA for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in honey and feed. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts as a common biological biomarker of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced tumorigenicity. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in Spanish honey collected from purple viper's bugloss (Echium spp.). |
| PubMed:Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids in two Cryptantha species: including two new open chain diesters one of which is amphoteric. |
| PubMed:Improved method for isolation of lycopsamine from roots of comfrey (Symphytum officinale). |
| PubMed:Comparison of metabolism-mediated effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a HepG2/C3A cell-S9 co-incubation system and quantification of their glutathione conjugates. |
| PubMed:Detection of high levels of pyrrolizidine-N-oxides in the endangered plant Cryptantha crassipes (Terlingua Creek cat's-eye) using HPLC-ESI-MS. |
| PubMed:Metabolism, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of comfrey. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey: comparison of analytical methods. |
| PubMed:Chiral stationary phases for separation of intermedine and lycopsamine enantiomers from Symphytum uplandicum. |
| PubMed:Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in comfrey by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Lycopsamine and cumambrin B from Eupatorium maculatum. |
| PubMed:Tissue distribution, core biosynthesis and diversification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the lycopsamine type in three Boraginaceae species. |
| PubMed:Absolute configuration of the creatonotines and callimorphines, two classes of arctiid-specific pyrrolizidine alkaloids. |
| PubMed:Major components in the hairpencil secretion of a butterfly, Euploea mulciber (Lepidoptera, Danaidae): their origins and male behavioral responses to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. |
| PubMed:Differential utilization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by males of a danaid butterfly, Parantica sita, for the production of danaidone in the alar scent organ. |
| PubMed:Acquisition, transformation and maintenance of plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the polyphagous arctiid Grammia geneura. |
| PubMed:Solid-phase extraction and HPLC-MS profiling of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides: a case study of Echium plantagineum. |
| PubMed:On-line structure characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Onosma stellulatum and Emilia coccinea by liquid chromatography-ion-trap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Sequestration and metabolism of protoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids by larvae of the leaf beetle Platyphora boucardi and their transfer via pupae into defensive secretions of adults. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Lithospermum canescens Lehm. |
| PubMed:Biochemical processing of plant acquired pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the neotropical leaf-beetle Platyphora boucardi. |
| PubMed:Toxic pyrrolyzidine alkaloids from three mongolian plants. a possible risk for cattle poisoning. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Pulmonaria obscura. |
| PubMed:Dual chemical sequestration: a key mechanism in transitions among ecological specialization. |
| PubMed:Sequestration, metabolism and partial synthesis of tertiary pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the neotropical leaf-beetle Platyphora boucardi. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Ageratum houstonianum Mill. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Echium rauwolfii and Echium horridum (Boraginaceae). |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium megalanthum. |
| PubMed:Preparative separation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by high-speed counter-current chromatography. |
| PubMed:Stereochemical inversion of pyrrolizidine alkaloids byMechanitis polymnia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae): Specificity and evolutionary significance. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the arctiid mothHyalurga syma. |
| PubMed:Investigation into the Presence of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Eupatorium cannabinum by Means of Positive and Negative Ion Chemical Ionization GC-MS. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids indicine, intermedine, lycopsamine, and analogues and their N-oxides. Potential antitumor agents. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Symphytum officinale L. and their percutaneous absorption in rats. |
| PubMed:[II1: TLC and HPLC-Analysis of Pyrrolizidine-N-oxid Alkaloids of Symphyti Radix]. |
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