|
Category:coloring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | red to dark red powder or liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 907.00 to 908.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
|
| Flash Point: | 600.00 °F. TCC ( 315.56 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.532 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 1300 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | None - None found. |
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
|
Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | coloring agents |
| Recommendation for carmine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 3 |
| Click here to view publication 3 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | 7.00000 | 300.00000 |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | - |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 200.00000 |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | 10.00000 | 100.00000 |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | 40.00000 |
| milk products: | - | - |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
|
Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive
View page or View pdf
|
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):1390-65-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :14950 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid |
| Chemidplus:0001390654 |
| Chemidplus:0001328605 |
References:
| | 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 1390-65-4 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 14950 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 126691174 |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 1328-60-5 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135310583 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | alum lake of carminic acid | | 1,5- | anhydro-1-(7-carboxy-1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yl)hexitol | | 1- | anthroic acid, 9,10-dihydro-2,5,7, 8-tetrahydroxy-4-methyl-9,10-dioxo-6- (2,3,4, 5-tetrahydroxyhexanoyl)- | | | b rose liquid | | | carmine FCC | | | carmine powder | | | coccus cacti l. color principle | | | cochineal | | | cochineal extract lake | | | hexitol, 1,5-anhydro-1-C-(7-carboxy-9,10-dihydro-1,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-8-methyl-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracenyl)- | | | kanikama base EX-4275 | | | kanikama base EX-SGY-1887 | | | natural red 4 | | 3,5,6,8- | tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-9,10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid | | 3,5,6,8- | tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]anthracene-2-carboxylic acid | | | tomat-O-red |
Articles:
| PubMed:New composite nitrite-free and low-nitrite meat-curing systems using natural colorants. |
| PubMed:Fast determination of seven synthetic pigments from wine and soft drinks using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Quantitative determination of carmine in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of dyes in wines by HPLC coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Structure elucidation and chromatographic identification of anthraquinone components of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) detected in historical objects. |
| PubMed:Colloidal approach to prepare colour blends from colourants with different solubility profiles. |
| PubMed:Modulation of accessibility of subdomain IB in the pH-dependent interaction of bovine serum albumin with Cochineal Red A: a combined view from spectroscopy and docking simulations. |
| PubMed:Determination of seven certified color additives in food products using liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Exposure assessment of synthetic colours approved in Korea. |
| PubMed:The hazardous effects of the three natural food dyes on developmental stages and longevity of Drosophila melanogaster. |
| PubMed:Thermal stability of selected natural red extracts used as food colorants. |
| PubMed:Medication dyes as a source of drug allergy. |
| PubMed:On the application of nanostructured electrodes prepared by Ti/TiO2/WO3 "template": a case study of removing toxicity of indigo using visible irradiation. |
| PubMed:Aminocarminic acid in E120-labelled food additives and beverages. |
| PubMed:[Determination of sixteen food additives in beverage by capillary zone electrophoresis]. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and bioactivity study of 2-acylamino-substituted N'-benzylbenzohydrazide derivatives. |
| PubMed:Spectroscopic studies of DNA interactions with food colorant indigo carmine with the use of ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe. |
| PubMed:First record of the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, infesting Withania somnifera in India. |
| PubMed:Lac color inhibits development of rat thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of plasma hyaluronan-binding protein. |
| PubMed:Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats. |
| PubMed:Seed colour loci, homoeology and linkage groups of the C genome chromosomes revealed in Brassica rapa-B. oleracea monosomic alien addition lines. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, and analysis of the quantitative structure-activity relationships of 4-phenyl-acyl-substituted 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-2,8-dione derivatives. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of potential genotoxicity of five food dyes using the somatic mutation and recombination test. |
| PubMed:Optical spectroscopic exploration of binding of Cochineal Red A with two homologous serum albumins. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, structure, and acaricidal/insecticidal activity of novel spirocyclic tetronic acid derivatives containing an oxalyl moiety. |
| PubMed:Intrinsic UV absorption spectrometry observed with a liquid core waveguide as a sensor technique for monitoring ozone in water. |
| PubMed:[Use of the granulocytic myeloperoxidase release reaction to diagnose food additive allergies]. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, and biological activities of milbemycin analogues. |
| PubMed:Methods for the determination of European Union-permitted added natural colours in foods: a review. |
| PubMed:Design, synthesis, and insecticidal activities of novel monohalovinylated pyrethroids. |
| PubMed:Controlling the bleeding of carmine colorant in crabstick. |
| PubMed:[Absolute quantification of carminic acid in cochineal extract by quantitative NMR]. |
| PubMed:Modified nondestructive colorimetric method to evaluate the variability of oxygen diffusion rate through wine bottle closures. |
| PubMed:Toxicity of xanthene food dyes by inhibition of human drug-metabolizing enzymes in a noncompetitive manner. |
| PubMed:Prevalence of Toxocara canis in stray dogs, northern Iran. |
| PubMed:Determination of carmine food dye (E120) in foodstuffs by stripping voltammetry. |
| PubMed:Spectroscopic and theoretical study of the "azo"-dye E124 in condensate phase: evidence of a dominant hydrazo form. |
| PubMed:Carmine dye and cochineal extract: hidden allergens no more. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of indigo dye by newly isolated naphthalene-degrading strain Pseudomonas sp. HOB1 and its application in dyeing cotton fabric. |
| PubMed:Allergy to carmine red (E120) is not dependent on concurrent mite allergy. |
| PubMed:[Food additive hypersenisivity--near myth]. |
| PubMed:Carmine hypersensitivity masquerading as azithromycin hypersensitivity. |
| PubMed:Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a major 38-kd cochineal allergen. |
| PubMed:Recombinant aryl hydrocarbon receptors for bioassay of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in transgenic tobacco plants. |
| PubMed:Reflectometric cutinase assay for rapid screening of contaminants and residues of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. |
| PubMed:Eight years of severe allergic reactions in Finland: a register-based report. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of tartrazine, patent blue V, and indigo carmine in commercial products by partial least squares and principal component regression methods. |
| PubMed:[Microbial biosynthesis and biotransformation of indigo and indigo-like pigments]. |
| PubMed:Purple urine bag syndrome: a community-based study and literature review. |
| PubMed:[Case of urticaria due to cochineal dye in red-colored diet]. |
| PubMed:The history, chemistry and modes of action of carmine and related dyes. |
| PubMed:Purple urine bag syndrome: a rare and interesting phenomenon. |
| PubMed:Revised procedures for the certification of carmine (C.I. 75470, Natural red 4) as a biological stain. |
| PubMed:Determination of 13 synthetic food colorants in water-soluble foods by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector. |
| PubMed:Use of novel nest boxes by carmine bee-eaters (Merops nubicus) in captivity. |
| PubMed:Wax encapsulation of water-soluble compounds for application in foods. |
| PubMed:Impact of storage position on oxygen ingress through different closures into wine bottles. |
| PubMed:A method for determining identity and relative purity of carmine, carminic acid and aminocarminic acid. |
| PubMed:[Allergy to food colouring. A prospective study in ten children]. |
| PubMed:Occupational asthma to carmine in a butcher. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of complex spectral-pH three-way arrays by modified bilinear least-squares: determination of four different dyes in interfering systems. |
| PubMed:Flow and conduit formation in the external fluid-transport system of a suspension feeder. |
| PubMed:[Identification and determination of the isomer and subsidiary color in food blue no. 2 (indigo carmine) by LC/MS and HPLC]. |
| PubMed:Influence of synthetic and natural food dyes on activities of CYP2A6, UGT1A6, and UGT2B7. |
| PubMed:Production of superoxide radical in reductive metabolism of a synthetic food-coloring agent, indigocarmine, and related compounds. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of photo-mutagenicity and photo-cytotoxicity of food coloring agents. |
| PubMed:Environmental factors affecting productivity, indican content, and indigo yield in Polygonum tinctorium Ait., a subtropical crop grown under temperate conditions. |
| PubMed:Determination of food colorants by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. |
| PubMed:Formation of natural indigo derived from woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) in relation to product purity. |
| PubMed:[Determination of synthetic food dyes in food by capillary electrophoresis]. |
| PubMed:A novel method for the determination of synthetic colors in ice cream samples. |
| PubMed:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity by indirubin and indigo. |
| PubMed:Color quality of pigments in cochineals (Dactylopius coccus Costa). Geographical origin characterization using multivariate statistical analysis. |
| PubMed:[Asthma and allergy due to carmine dye]. |
| PubMed:Occupational asthma induced by inhaled carmine among butchers. |
| PubMed:Decreased ethanol preference and wheel running in Nurr1-deficient mice. |
| PubMed:Adipose tissue as a source of inflammatory cytokines in health and disease: focus on end-stage renal disease. |
| PubMed:[Simultaneous rapid determination of eight food additives in foods by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. |
| PubMed:[Identification of acid-stable carmine in imported apple syrup product]. |
| PubMed:Optimizing conditions for the extraction of pigments in cochineals (Dactylopius coccus Costa) using response surface methodology. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 1B1, 1A1 and 1A2 by antigenotoxic compounds, purpurin and alizarin. |
| PubMed:Determining eight colorants in milk beverages by capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:Structure of acid-stable carmine. |
| PubMed:Erythromycin as a prokinetic agent in preterm infants. |
| PubMed:The effect of low-dose erythromycin on whole gastrointestinal transit time of preterm infants. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. |
| PubMed:Preventive effects of anthraquinone food pigments on the DNA damage induced by carcinogens in Drosophila. |
| PubMed:[Food additives: effects on pregnancy and lactation]. |
| PubMed:Ingredient and labeling issues associated with allergenic foods. |
| PubMed:The role of natural color additives in food allergy. |
| PubMed:Hydrolysed protein accelerates the gastrointestinal transport of formula in preterm infants. |
| PubMed:Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients. |
| PubMed:Carmine dye. |
| PubMed:[Food additives as a cause of medical symptoms: relationship shown between sulfites and asthma and anaphylaxis; results of a literature review]. |
| PubMed:Influence of He-Ne laser irradiation of soybean seeds on seed mycoflora, growth, nodulation, and resistance to Fusarium solani. |
| PubMed:Analysis of natural food pigments by capillary electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:Anaphylaxis after ingestion of carmine colored foods: two case reports and a review of the literature. |
| PubMed:Development of a medium for differentiation between Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7. |
| PubMed:Randomised controlled trial of trophic feeding and gut motility. |
| PubMed:Factors affecting the perception of naturalness and flavor strength in citrus drinks. |
| PubMed:Determination of eight synthetic food colorants in drinks by high-performance ion chromatography. |
| PubMed:Influence of the pharmacological modification of gastric emptying on lactose digestion and gastrointestinal symptoms. |
| PubMed:Occupational asthma and food allergy due to carmine. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of iron bioavailability in infant weaning foods fortified with haem concentrate. |
| PubMed:Estimates of maximum limits of food colours use in Brazil through the Danish Budget Method and the Bär and Würtzen-modified method. |
| PubMed:Cancer chemopreventive activity of synthetic colorants used in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic preparations. |
| PubMed:Separation and recovery of food coloring dyes using aqueous biphasic extraction chromatographic resins. |
| PubMed:Modifications of allergenicity linked to food technologies. |
| PubMed:Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120). |
| PubMed:Popsicle-induced anaphylaxis due to carmine dye allergy. |
| PubMed:Indigo formation by microorganisms expressing styrene monooxygenase activity. |
| PubMed:Development and validation of a quantitative method for determination of carmine (E120) in foodstuffs by liquid chromatography: NMKL Collaborative Study. |
| PubMed:Reductive and hydrolytic activities of enteric bacteria on food colours. |
| PubMed:Effect of natural food colorings on immunoglobulin production in vitro by rat spleen lymphocytes. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of carminic acid, alpha- and beta-bixin, and alpha- and beta-norbixin, and the determination of carminic acid in foods. |
| PubMed:Anaphylaxis following ingestion of carmine. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of cytogenetic activity of food dyes]. |
| PubMed:[Detection of food additives by enzyme immunoassay]. |
| PubMed:Enzyme immunoassay for carminic acid in foods. |
| PubMed:Food anaphylaxis following ingestion of carmine. |
| PubMed:Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of cochineal administered to mice in the diet. |
| PubMed:[A study of the content of synthetic food dyes in gelatin jellies]. |
| PubMed:Identification of unlawful food dyes by thin-layer chromatography-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[A 13-week toxicity study of simultaneous administration of cochineal and aluminum potassium sulfate in rats]. |
| PubMed:Occupational asthma and immunologic responses induced by inhaled carmine among employees at a factory making natural dyes. |
| PubMed:Bio-metabolism of green S and indigo carmine through caecal microflora of rats. |
| PubMed:Sustained food vacuole formation by axenic Paramecium tetraurelia and the inhibition of membrane recycling by Alcian Blue. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity studies in vitro and in vivo on carminic acid (natural red 4). |
| PubMed:Food ingestion and egestion in mating reactive populations of Paramecium primaurelia. |
| PubMed:Microbiological research on soft drinks: discolouring of natural-flavoured products. |
| PubMed:Carcinogenicity study of cochineal in B6C3F1 mice. |
| PubMed:Effects of certain food dyes on chromosomes of Allium cepa. |
| PubMed:Quantitative fecal carbohydrate excretion in premature infants. |
| PubMed:Lack of improved growth outcome related to nonnutritive sucking in very low birth weight premature infants fed a controlled nutrient intake: a randomized prospective study. |
| PubMed:Stress effects on gastrointestinal transit in the rat. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of carminic acid in yogurt. |
| PubMed:Nutrient balance studies in premature infants fed premature formula or fortified preterm human milk. |
| PubMed:Simple method for the analysis of food dyes on reversed-phase thin-layer plates. |
| PubMed:Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat. |
| PubMed:Three-generation reproduction study on carmine of cochineal in the rat. |
| PubMed:Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the potential teratogenicity of FD & C Blue No. 2 in rats and rabbits. |
| PubMed:Carminic acid-promoted oxygen radical damage to lipid and carbohydrate. |
| PubMed:Zinc and copper balances in preterm infants. |
| PubMed:Multigeneration study of FD & C Blue No. 2 in rats. |
| PubMed:Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Blue No. 2 in mice. |
| PubMed:The effect of ranitidine on the absorption of food cobalamins. |
| PubMed:Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Blue No. 2 in rats. |
| PubMed:Dye marked antibiotics for lactating cow mastitis therapy. |
| PubMed:[Mutagenic effect of the food-coloring agents tartrazine and indigo carmine]. |
| PubMed:Red dye No. 2 and the red pigment carmine enhance aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and guanylate cyclase activities. |
| PubMed:Enzyme-mediated mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium of contaminants of synthetic indigo products. |
| PubMed:Determination of indigo carmine in boiled sweets and similiar confectionary products. |
| PubMed:[Detection of a natural organic dye, cochineal, in meat products]. |
| PubMed:Metabolic fate of food colorants. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxicity of food dyes on cultured fetal rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:[Intolerance to acetylsalicylacid and food additives in patients suffering from recurrent urticaria (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed:A review of the specifications and toxicity of synthetic food colors permitted in Canada. |
| PubMed:Binding of dyes to chlorhexidine-treated hydroxyapatite. |
| PubMed:Detection and identification of natural water-soluble colouring matters in foods. |
| PubMed:[Identification of synthetic food dyes by a method of thin-layer chromatography]. |
| PubMed:[Assessment of the lactose test and its value in detecting intolerance to milk sugar]. |
| PubMed:Particle ejection from the cytoproct of Tetrahymena. |
| PubMed:Qualitative tests for added coloring matter in meat products. |
| PubMed:Some carmine substitutes in biological microtechnique. |
| PubMed:Food colours--harmless aesthetics or epicurean luxuries? |
| PubMed:Long-term toxicity of indigo carmine in mice. |
| PubMed:Short-term toxicity study on indigo carmine in the pig. |
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3D/inchi