| Category:licorice and licorice derivatives   US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:   Physical Properties: 
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |    Organoleptic Properties: 
| Odor Type: anise |  | licorice |  | Odor Description:at 100.00 %. licorice |  | Flavor Type: anise |  | licorice |  | Taste Description: licorice |  | Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |    Cosmetic Information:   Suppliers:   Safety Information: 
|  |  | Hazards identification |  |  |  | Classification of the substance or mixture |  | GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |  | None found. |  | GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |  |  |  | Pictogram |  |  |  |  | Hazard statement(s) |  | None found. |  | Precautionary statement(s) |  | None found. |  | Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |  | Not determined |  | Dermal Toxicity: |  | Not determined |  | Inhalation Toxicity: |  | Not determined |    Safety in Use Information: 
| Category: |  | licorice and licorice derivatives |  | Recommendation for glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root usage levels up to: |  |  | not for fragrance use. |  |  |  | Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |  | The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |  | publication number: 3 |  | Click here to view publication 3 |  |  | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |  | baked goods: | - | 75.00000 |  | beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 130.00000 |  | beverages(alcoholic): | - | - |  | breakfast cereal: | - | - |  | cheese: | - | - |  | chewing gum: | - | 3200.00000 |  | condiments / relishes: | - | - |  | confectionery froastings: | - | - |  | egg products: | - | - |  | fats / oils: | - | - |  | fish products: | - | - |  | frozen dairy: | - | - |  | fruit ices: | - | - |  | gelatins / puddings: | - | - |  | granulated sugar: | - | - |  | gravies: | - | - |  | hard candy: | - | 460.00000 |  | imitation dairy: | - | - |  | instant coffee / tea: | - | - |  | jams / jellies: | - | - |  | meat products: | - | - |  | milk products: | - | - |  | nut products: | - | - |  | other grains: | - | - |  | poultry: | - | - |  | processed fruits: | - | - |  | processed vegetables: | - | - |  | reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |  | seasonings / flavors: | - | - |  | snack foods: | - | - |  | soft candy: | - | - |  | soups: | - | - |  | sugar substitutes: | - | - |  | sweet sauces: | - | - |    Safety References: 
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |  | EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |  | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |  | glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root |  | Chemidplus:0977004311 |    References: 
|  | glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome/root |  | Pubchem (sid): | 135274690 |    Other Information: 
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |  | FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |    Potential Blenders and core components note  Potential Uses:   Occurrence (nature, food, other):note  Synonyms: 
|  | glycyrrhiza glabra root powder/paste |  |  | licorice rhizome/root |  |  | plant material derived from the dried rhizomes and roots of the licorice, glycyrrhiza glabra l., leguminosae |    Articles:
| PubMed:Comparative Analysis of Antibacterial Properties and Chemical Composition of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from Astrakhan Region (Russia) and Calabria Region (Italy). |  | PubMed:Evaluation of sodium benzoate and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract as heat-sensitizing additives against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mildly heated young coconut liquid endosperm. |  | PubMed:Enhancement of Hippocampal CA3 Neuronal Dendritic Arborization by Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract Treatment in Wistar Albino Rats. |  | PubMed:Qualitative identification of dibenzoylmethane in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. |  | PubMed:A Simple Semi-preparative Reversed-phase HPLC/PDA Method for Separation and Quantification of Glycyrrhizin in Nine Samples of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Collected from Different Geographical Origins. |  | PubMed:Liquorice, a unique "guide drug" of traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its role in drug interactions. |  | PubMed:Absolute configuration of naturally occurring glabridin. |  | PubMed:Beneficial effect of aqueous root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on learning and memory using different behavioral models: An experimental study. |  | PubMed:Transdermal microemulsions of Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: characterization, stability and evaluation of antioxidant potential. |  | PubMed:Improving the thrombin inhibitory activity of glycyrrhizin, a triterpenic saponin, through a molecular simplification of the carbohydrate moiety. |  | PubMed:Glycyrrhizin ameliorates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome-X in rat model. |  | PubMed:Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpene saponins and chemometrics analysis. |  | PubMed:Effect of GutGard in the Management of Helicobacter pylori: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study. |  | PubMed:Application of Glycyrrhiza glabra root as a novel adsorbent in the removal of toluene vapors: equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic study. |  | PubMed:Anti-convulsant action and amelioration of oxidative stress by Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract in pentylenetetrazole- induced seizure in albino rats. |  | PubMed:[Genetic effects of root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on different test-systems]. |  | PubMed:In vitro studies on protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts against cadmium-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. |  | PubMed:Treatment of licorice seeds with colchicine: changes in seedling DNA levels and anthocyanin and glycyrrhizic acid contents of derived callus cultures. |  | PubMed:Chromolithic method development, validation and system suitability analysis of ultra-sound assisted extraction of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:High throughput screening to identify natural human monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. |  | PubMed:An evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts. |  | PubMed:Licorice induced hypokalemia, edema, and thrombocytopenia. |  | PubMed:Licochalcone a inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. |  | PubMed:ISSR and RAPD based evaluation of genetic stability of encapsulated micro shoots of Glycyrrhiza glabra following 6 months of storage. |  | PubMed:Glycyrrhizin and long-term histopathologic changes in a murine model of asthma. |  | PubMed:Biogeography of symbiotic and other endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Glycyrrhiza species in China. |  | PubMed:Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™). |  | PubMed:Agonistic and antagonistic estrogens in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). |  | PubMed:Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediators by an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its phytoconstituents. |  | PubMed:Ameliorative effects of glycyrrhizin on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. |  | PubMed:Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera Grown in Iran, as a Possible Renewable Source for Anticonvulsant Compounds. |  | PubMed:Black licorice ingestion: Yet another confounding agent in patients with melena. |  | PubMed:Metabolic profiling of roots of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) from different geographical areas by ESI/MS/MS and determination of major metabolites by LC-ESI/MS and LC-ESI/MS/MS. |  | PubMed:Leaves Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |  | PubMed:Dual inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™) on COX and LOX products. |  | PubMed:18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits periodontitis via glucocorticoid-independent nuclear factor-κB inactivation in interleukin-10-deficient mice. |  | PubMed:The effect of licorice drink on the systemic exposure of verapamil in rabbits. |  | PubMed:The Effect of Licorice Drink on the Systemic Exposure of Verapamil in Rabbits. |  | PubMed:Natural anti-inflammatory products and leukotriene inhibitors as complementary therapy for bronchial asthma. |  | PubMed:Antidyslipidaemic activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in high fructose diet induced dsyslipidaemic Syrian golden hamsters. |  | PubMed:Licorice and licochalcone-A induce autophagy in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by suppression of Bcl-2 expression and the mTOR pathway. |  | PubMed:A rapid screening method for prenylated flavonoids with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in licorice root extracts. |  | PubMed:Hepatoprotective and anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects of glycyrrhizin and matrine. |  | PubMed:Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-atherogenic properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra root using in vitro models. |  | PubMed:[Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding Psammosilene tunicoides squalene synthase]. |  | PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, plays a dual role in regulating gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo. |  | PubMed:In vitro effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the growth of clinical isolates of Candida albicans. |  | PubMed:Anti-proliferative effect of licochalcone A on vascular smooth muscle cells. |  | PubMed:Glycyrrhizin reduces secondary inflammatory process after spinal cord compression injury in mice. |  | PubMed:Glycyrrhizin attenuates the development of carrageenan-induced lung injury in mice. |  | PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid from licorice, relaxes guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo: role of cGMP/PKG pathway. |  | PubMed:Activation of rapid signaling pathways and the subsequent transcriptional regulation for the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells by the treatment with an extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root. |  | PubMed:Role of P-glycoprotein in limiting the brain penetration of glabridin, an active isoflavan from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:Chemoprofile and bioactivities of Taverniera cuneifolia (Roth) Arn.: a wild relative and possible substitute of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |  | PubMed:Role of P-glycoprotein in the intestinal absorption of glabridin, an active flavonoid from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats. |  | PubMed:Protective effects of isoliquiritigenin in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. |  | PubMed:Simultaneous HPLC analysis, with isocratic elution, of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots and confectionery products. |  | PubMed:Chemopreventive properties of the ethanol extract of chinese licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) root: induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. |  | PubMed:Effect of licorice root on peripheral blood indexes upon vibration exposure. |  | PubMed:Separation and analysis of glycyrrhizin, 18beta-glycyrrhetic acid and 18alpha-glycyrrhetic acid in liquorice roots by means of capillary zone electrophoresis. |  | PubMed:Assays of physical stability and antioxidant activity of a topical formulation added with different plant extracts. |  | PubMed:Licorice flavonoids suppress abdominal fat accumulation and increase in blood glucose level in obese diabetic KK-A(y) mice. |  | PubMed:[Effects of nutrient solution concentration on inorganic and glycyrrhizin contents of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn]. |  | PubMed:Licochalcone-A, a novel flavonoid isolated from licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), causes G2 and late-G1 arrests in androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells. |  | PubMed:Differential expression of three oxidosqualene cyclase mRNAs in Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:Isoliquiritigenin inhibits the growth of prostate cancer. |  | PubMed:Chemical modification of glycyrrhizic acid as a route to new bioactive compounds for medicine. |  | PubMed:Antioxidant effect of licorice root on blood catalase activity in vibration stress. |  | PubMed:Protection of DNA and microsomal membranes in vitro by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against gamma irradiation. |  | PubMed:Immunological studies of Revitonil, a phytopharmaceutical containing Echinacea purpurea and Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. |  | PubMed:[Comparative study of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza echinata L. of different origin. Medicinal plant polysaccharides III]. |  | PubMed:Flavonoid constituents from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. |  | PubMed:Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes. |  | PubMed:Biosynthesis of the dimethylallyl moiety of glabrol in Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures via a non-mevalonate pathway. |  | PubMed:Antimicrobial flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root cultures. |  | PubMed:Activation of macrophages by crude polysaccharide fractions obtained from shoots of Glycyrrhiza glabra and hairy roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in vitro. |  | PubMed:[Polysaccharides of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Glycyrrhiza echinata L. Medicinal plants II]. |  | PubMed:Seasonal variation of glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin glycosides in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |  | PubMed:Structural aspects of the inhibitory effect of glabridin on LDL oxidation. |  | PubMed:The antioxidative effects of the isoflavan glabridin on endogenous constituents of LDL during its oxidation. |  | PubMed:Antioxidant constituents from licorice roots: isolation, structure elucidation and antioxidative capacity toward LDL oxidation. |  | PubMed:Inhibition of human complement by beta-glycyrrhetinic acid. |  | PubMed:Distribution Pattern of Saponins in Different Organs of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:A further contribution to the triterpenoid constituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. |  | PubMed:Triterpenoid biosynthesis in tissue cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera. |  | PubMed:Biotransformation of 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid by cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:Examination of triterpenoids produced by callus and cell suspension cultures of Glycyrrhiza glabra. |  | PubMed:[Identification of some flavonic aglycones in root extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra L]. |  | PubMed:Isolation of two new flavonoids from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra var. typica. |  | PubMed:[Differences between the root and rhizome of Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) and those of smooth licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)]. |  | PubMed:[Liquiritoside, flavonoside from root of licorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra L]. |  | PubMed:Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of standardized extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GutGard™). |  | PubMed:Exploring the possible metabolism mediated interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra extract with CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. |  | PubMed:Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra in mice. |    |