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raubasine
ajmalicine

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 483-04-5Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:207-589-5
FDA UNII: 4QJL8OX71Z
Nikkaji Web:J13.108C
Beilstein Number:0097268
MDL:MFCD00042748
XlogP3-AA:2.70 (est)
Molecular Weight:352.43388000
Formula:C21 H24 N2 O3
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
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Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 258.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 524.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 519.00 °F. TCC ( 270.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 2.880 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 755.9 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Raubasine >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Ajmalicine, also known as ë-yohimbine or raubasine, is an antihypertensive drug used in the treatment of high blood pressure.
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Ajmalicine (HPLC) ≥95%
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Ajmalicine
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Ajmalicine ≥98.0% (HPLC)
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-child TDLo 12500 ug/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Chest. Vol. 76, Pg. 97, 1979.

intravenous-guinea pig LDLo 20 mg/kg
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 23, Pg. 600, 1973.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 165 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

intravenous-mouse LD50 20 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 233, Pg. 72, 1958.

oral-mouse LD50 400 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

intravenous-rabbit LD50 20 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

oral-rabbit LD50 500 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 200 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

intravenous-rat LD50 24 mg/kg
"Psychotropic Drugs and Related Compounds," 2nd ed., Usdin, E., and D.H. Efron, Washington, DC, 1972Vol. -, Pg. 117, 1972.

oral-rat LDLo 750 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 233, Pg. 72, 1958.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for raubasine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for raubasine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :441975
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
Chemidplus:0000483045
RTECS:AX7875000 for cas# 483-04-5
 
References:
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):441975
Pubchem (sid):134975006
Pherobase:View
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C09024
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Wikipedia2:View2
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 vinca rosea
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 ajmalicin
 ajmalicine
 alkaloid C
 alkaloid F
 alkaloid II
 circolene
16,17-didehydro-19-methyloxayohimban-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
 hydrosarpan
 lamuran
 methyl (19-methyl-16,17-dehydro-18-oxa-3alpha,15alpha,19beta,20beta-yohimban-16-carboxylat)
 methyl 16,17-didehydro-19alpha-methyl-18-oxayohimban-16-carboxylat
 ranitol
 raubaserp
 raubasil
 raubasin
 raumalina
 rauvasan
 sarpan
 tensyl
 tetrahydroserpentine
py-tetrahydroserpentine
 vincain
 vincein
 vinceine
oxayohimban-16-carboxylic acid, 16,17-didehydro-19-methyl-, methyl ester, (19-alpha)- (9CI)
delta-yohimbine
 

Articles:

PubMed:The metabolism of YiGan San and subsequent pharmacokinetic evaluation of four metabolites in rat based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Jasmonic acid effect on the fatty acid and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:[Alkaloids of Vinca rosea L. introduced to Western Georgia].
PubMed:Brugada syndrome presenting as an acute coronary syndrome.
PubMed:Engineering the MEP pathway enhanced ajmalicine biosynthesis.
PubMed:Identification and quantification of active alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Development of transcriptomic resources for interrogating the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids in medicinal plant species.
PubMed:Determination of indole alkaloids and highly volatile compounds in Rauvolfia verticillata by HPLC-UV and GC-MS.
PubMed:Synergistic and cytotoxic action of indole alkaloids produced from elicited cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:[Chemical constituents of Rauvolfia verticillata].
PubMed:Overexpression of ORCA3 and G10H in Catharanthus roseus plants regulated alkaloid biosynthesis and metabolism revealed by NMR-metabolomics.
PubMed:Characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Tryptophan decarboxylase plays an important role in ajmalicine biosynthesis in Rauvolfia verticillata.
PubMed:Profiling the indole alkaloids in yohimbe bark with ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Effect of sodium nitroprusside on growth and terpenoid indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures.
PubMed:Simultaneous quantification of four indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus cell line C20hi by UPLC-MS.
PubMed:Almitrine-Raubasine combination for dementia.
PubMed:Overexpression of an apoplastic peroxidase gene CrPrx in transgenic hairy root lines of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic determination of raubasine in its binary mixture with kinetic study of raubasine acid degradation.
PubMed:The expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose synthase and geraniol-10-hydroxylase or anthranilate synthase increases terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.
PubMed:Integrating carbon-halogen bond formation into medicinal plant metabolism.
PubMed:New method to enhance ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures based on the use of cyclodextrins.
PubMed:Construction and expression of a dual vector for chemo-enzymatic synthesis of plant indole alkaloids in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Stability-indicating methods for the determination of a mixture of almitrine and raubasine by derivative spectrophotometry.
PubMed:Brugada-like ECG pattern induced by tricyclic antidepressants.
PubMed:Pharmacological effects of Catharanthus roseus root alkaloids in acetylcholinesterase inhibition and cholinergic neurotransmission.
PubMed:Phytochemical characterization of the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa grown in U.S.A.
PubMed:Assessing the limitations to terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures through gene expression profiling and precursor feeding.
PubMed:Simple and reproducible HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus roots.
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of mitragynine in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:In vitro propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina using liquid medium, assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants, and simultaneous quantitation of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine.
PubMed:The effects of UV-B stress on the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.
PubMed:Cytotoxic and HIF-1alpha inhibitory compounds from Crossosoma bigelovii.
PubMed:Improved accumulation of ajmalicine and tetrahydroalstonine in Catharanthus cells expressing an ABC transporter.
PubMed:WITHDRAWN: Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people.
PubMed:Production and metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in cell cultures of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Madagascar periwinkle).
PubMed:[Studies on predict of absorption of corynanthine, yohimbine, ajmalicine and ajmaline across human intestinal epithelial by using human Caco-2 cells monolayers].
PubMed:Low levels of gibberellic acid control the biosynthesis of ajmalicine in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.
PubMed:[Studies on alkalodial constituents in leaves of Uncaria hirsuta].
PubMed:A differential response to chemical elicitors in Catharanthus roseus in vitro cultures.
PubMed:Differential secretion and accumulation of terpene indole alkaloids in hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus treated with methyl jasmonate.
PubMed:Alkaloids induce programmed cell death in bloodstream forms of trypanosomes (Trypanosoma b. brucei).
PubMed:Proteins prenylated by type I protein geranylgeranyltransferase act positively on the jasmonate signalling pathway triggering the biosynthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Development and validation of an HPLC-method for the determination of alkaloids in the stem bark extract of Nauclea pobeguinii.
PubMed:Molecular modelling of human CYP2D6 and molecular docking of a series of ajmalicine- and quinidine-like inhibitors.
PubMed:Alterations in lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus under treatment with triadimefon, a systemic fungicide.
PubMed:Water deficit stress effects on reactive oxygen metabolism in Catharanthus roseus; impacts on ajmalicine accumulation.
PubMed:Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress.
PubMed:Induction of drought stress tolerance by ketoconazole in Catharanthus roseus is mediated by enhanced antioxidant potentials and secondary metabolite accumulation.
PubMed:Antioxidant potentials and ajmalicine accumulation in Catharanthus roseus after treatment with giberellic acid.
PubMed:[Clinical research of effect of Yishen Yangnao capsule on vascular dementia].
PubMed:Transcription factor Agamous-like 12 from Arabidopsis promotes tissue-like organization and alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus suspension cells.
PubMed:Quantitative determination of reserpine, ajmaline, and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia serpentina by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Precursor limitations in methyl jasmonate-induced Catharanthus roseus cell cultures.
PubMed:Characterisation of oxidation products of Rauwolfia alkaloids.
PubMed:Epidermis is a pivotal site of at least four secondary metabolic pathways in Catharanthus roseus aerial organs.
PubMed:Effects of terpenoid precursor feeding on Catharanthus roseus hairy roots over-expressing the alpha or the alpha and beta subunits of anthranilate synthase.
PubMed:Development of a novel system for producing ajmalicine and serpentine using direct culture of leaves in Catharanthus roseus intact plant.
PubMed:Transient effects of overexpressing anthranilate synthase alpha and beta subunits in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.
PubMed:Ajmalicine production in methyl jasmonate-induced Catharanthus roseus cell cultures depends on Ca2+ level.
PubMed:Fosmidomycin analogues as inhibitors of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus cells.
PubMed:Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) inhibitory constituents of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Plant cell culture monitoring using an in situ multiwavelength fluorescence probe.
PubMed:Expression of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic pathway genes corresponds to accumulation of related alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.
PubMed:Proteome analysis of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Simultaneous quantification of some pharmaceutical Catharanthus roseus leaf and root terpenoid indole alkaloids and their precursors in single runs by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Methyljasmonate accelerates catabolism of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus during leaf processing.
PubMed:Synthesis and biological evaluation with plant cells of new fosmidomycin analogues containing a benzoxazolone or oxazolopyridinone ring.
PubMed:Enhancement of ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures with methyl jasmonate is dependent on timing and dosage of elicitation.
PubMed:Alkaloid metabolism in wounded Catharanthus roseus seedlings.
PubMed:Growth and terpenoid indole alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus hairy root clones in relation to left- and right-termini-linked Ri T-DNA gene integration.
PubMed:Spectrophotometric determination of Rauwolfia alkaloids: estimation of reserpine in pharmaceuticals.
PubMed:Assessment of the therapeutic activity of a combination of almitrine and raubasine on functional rehabilitation following ischaemic stroke.
PubMed:Catharanthus roseus L. plants and explants infected with phytoplasmas: alkaloid production and structural observations.
PubMed:Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people.
PubMed:Production of ajmalicine and ajmaline in hairy root cultures of Rauvolfia micrantha Hook f., a rare and endemic medicinal plant.
PubMed:Role of the non-mevalonate pathway in indole alkaloid production by Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.
PubMed:Studies on production of ajmalicine in shake flasks by multiple shoot cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Plant-cell bioreactors with simultaneous electropermeabilization and electrophoresis.
PubMed:Vindoline biosynthesis is transcriptionally blocked in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.
PubMed:The effect of ajmalicine spiking and resin addition timing on the production of indole alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus cell cultures.
PubMed:Screening of Catharanthus roseus secondary metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Overexpression in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots of a truncated hamster 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase gene.
PubMed:[Effect of almitrine/raubasine on cerebral metabolism in the elderly].
PubMed:Influence of fungal elicitors on production of ajmalicine by cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people.
PubMed:Effects of stress factors, bioregulators, and synthetic precursors on indole alkaloid production in compact callus clusters cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Enhanced catharanthine production in catharanthus roseus cell cultures by combined elicitor treatment in shake flasks and bioreactors.
PubMed:Selection of fungal elicitors to increase indole alkaloid accumulation in catharanthus roseus suspension cell culture.
PubMed:Effects of buffered media upon growth and alkaloid production of Catharanthus roseus hairy roots.
PubMed:The effect of inoculum density and conditioned medium on the production of ajmalicine and catharanthine from immobilized Catharanthus roseus cells.
PubMed:A simple structured model for maintenance, biomass formation, and ajmalicine production by nondividing Catharanthus roseus cells.
PubMed:Transient studies of light-adapted cultures of hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus: growth and indole alkaloid accumulation.
PubMed:Effects of over-expression of strictosidine synthase and tryptophan decarboxylase on alkaloid production by cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Effect of elicitor dosage and exposure time on biosynthesis of indole alkaloids by Catharanthus roseus hairy root cultures.
PubMed:Clinical efficacy of almitrine-raubasine. An overview.
PubMed:Pharmacological features of an almitrine-raubasine combination. Activity at cerebral levels.
PubMed:Stroke and functional rehabilitation: the Chinese experience.
PubMed:Transient studies of nutrient uptake, growth, and indole alkaloid accumulation in heterotrophic cultures of hairy roots of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:A three-dimensional protein model for human cytochrome P450 2D6 based on the crystal structures of P450 101, P450 102, and P450 108.
PubMed:[Separation and preparation of indole alkaloids in Lycorma delicatula White. by HPLC].
PubMed:Enzymology of indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:The role of glucose in ajmalicine production by catharanthus roseus cell cultures.
PubMed:Two-stage batch process for the production of ajmalicine by Catharanthus roseus: The link between growth and production stage.
PubMed:Determination of ajmalicine in reserpine raw materials by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Relation between dissolved oxygen concentration and ajmalicine production rate in high-density cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Memory disorders in 8,037 elderly patients with age-associated memory impairment: multicenter trial with a 6-month follow-up under almitrine-raubasine.
PubMed:Quantitative electroencephalography in aging brain and cerebrovascular disease: the effects of almitrine-raubasine.
PubMed:Pathophysiology of postischemic hypoxia and cerebral protection: implications of the almitrine and raubasine combination.
PubMed:Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression after transient brain ischemia: evidence for a pharmacological modulation by almitrine-raubasine.
PubMed:Cerebral ischemia: from pharmacology to modern techniques and clinical implications. Value of almitrine-raubasin (Duxil Duxaril). International symposium, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China, May 14, 1994.
PubMed:The negligible role of carbon dioxide and ethylene in ajmalicine production by Catharanthus roseus cell suspensions.
PubMed:Relationship between cell morphology and indole alkaloid production in suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:In vitro metabolism of dorzolamide, a novel potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, in rat liver microsomes.
PubMed:Effects of oxygen and nutrients limitation on ajmalicine production and related enzyme activities in high density cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Large-scale cultivation of Catharanthus roseus cells: production of ajmalicine in a 20-l airlift bioreactor.
PubMed:Suspension culture of Catharanthus roseus crown gall cell induced by Agrobacterium C58.
PubMed:2,4-D and alkaloid accumulation in periwinkle cell suspensions.
PubMed:Putative sites of cytokinin action during their enhancing effect on indole alkaloid accumulation in periwinkle cell suspensions.
PubMed:Effect of terpenoid precursor feeding and elicitation on formation of indole alkaloids in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Development of a pharmacophore for inhibition of human liver cytochrome P-450 2D6: molecular modeling and inhibition studies.
PubMed:Induction of ajmalicine formation and related enzyme activities in Catharanthus roseus cells: effect of inoculum density.
PubMed:Production of indole alkaloids by selected hairy root lines of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Neurologic and histologic evaluation of almitrine+raubasine (Duxil) in middle cerebral artery occlusion in cats.
PubMed:Scaleup of ajmalicine production by plant cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase from elicited Sanguinaria canadensis cell cultures.
PubMed:Structure of a chiral intermediate in the synthesis of (+)-19-epiajmalicine.
PubMed:Effects of four non-cholinergic cognitive enhancers in comparison with tacrine and galanthamine on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
PubMed:Stimulated indole alkaloid release from Catharanthus roseus immobilized cultures. Initial studies.
PubMed:Characterization of the alpha-2C adrenergic receptor subtype in the opossum kidney and in the OK cell line.
PubMed:Secondary metabolite biosynthesis in cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don immobilized by adhesion to glass fibres.
PubMed:Induction of catharanthine synthesis and stimulation of major indole alkaloids production by Catharanthus roseus cells under non-growth-altering treatment with Pythium vexans extracts.
PubMed:Structure of a key intermediate in the synthesis of (-)-5-carboxytetrahydroalstonine and (-)-tetrahydroalstonine.
PubMed:Uptake and accumulation of ajmalicine into isolated vacuoles of cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. and its conversion into serpentine.
PubMed:Factors involved in drug interference on enzyme activities of three mitochondrial populations from rat hippocampus.
PubMed:Genotoxic, mutagenic and recombinogenic effects of rauwolfia alkaloids.
PubMed:Identification of indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation with the thermospray ion repeller.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of major indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:The effects of raubasine and dihydroergocristine on an age-related deficit in passive avoidance learning in rats.
PubMed:Efficacy of almitrine-raubasine in cognitive disorders of aging: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical and psychometric study.
PubMed:Progress in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia: the almitrine-raubasine approach.
PubMed:A review of the EEG effects of the combination of almitrine and raubasine in animals and humans.
PubMed:Metabolic and circulatory evaluation of cerebral ischemic accident in humans by positron emission tomography: a pilot study with almitrine-raubasine.
PubMed:Long-term effects and safety of almitrine-raubasine in age-associated cognitive decline.
PubMed:Almitrine-raubasine and cognitive impairment in the elderly: results of a 6-month controlled multicenter study.
PubMed:[Duxil and cognitive deficiency in the elderly. Results of a 6-month controlled multicenter study].
PubMed:[Neuronal and astrocytic plasticity: metabolic aspects].
PubMed:Role of synaptosomal enzymatic alterations and drug treatment in brain aging.
PubMed:Electrochemical detection of indole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus in high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Comparative effects of almitrine and raubasine, singly and in combination, on electroencephalographic activity in young and old rats.
PubMed:Peripheral neuropathies during treatment with almitrine: report of 46 cases.
PubMed:Acute effects of noradrenalin related vasoactive agents on the ototoxicity of aspirin: an experimental study in the guinea pig.
PubMed:Alkaloid production by transformed root cultures of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Characterization of Alkaloid Uptake by Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Protoplasts.
PubMed:Double-blind, placebo-controlled quantitative EEG and psychometric studies in elderlies on vigilance-promoting effects of an almitrine/raubasine combination (Duxil).
PubMed:Stimulation of Indole Alkaloid Content in Vanadium-Treated Catharanthus roseus Suspension Cultures.
PubMed:[Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of duxil in chronic cerebral insufficiency. Analysis of 4636 patients at cerebrovascular risk].
PubMed:[Exploration of the effects of duxil on the central nervous system by quantified electroencephalography].
PubMed:[Evaluation of the activity of duxil in the endocochlear hypoacusis of ischemic origin].
PubMed:[First Forum on Updates on Cerebral Ischemia Pathology. Seville, 1-4 October 1987. Proceedings].
PubMed:[Experimental models in cerebral ischemia: application to the study of duxil].
PubMed:[Evaluation of acute and chronic cerebral ischemia in man by positron and single photon emission tomography: application to the study of duxil].
PubMed:Curative effect of an almitrine-raubasine combination in the postischemic syndrome following transient cerebral ischemia in dogs.
PubMed:Economic assessment of plant cell culture for the production of ajmalicine.
PubMed:Stimulation of Indole Alkaloid Production in Cell Suspension Cultures of Catharanthus roseus by Abscisic Acid.
PubMed:Modifications in cerebral lipid metabolism by severe glucose deprivation during aging.
PubMed:Ajmalicine, Serpentine, and Catharanthine Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Bioreactor Cultures.
PubMed:Time-Course Studies in Indole Alkaloid Accumulation and Changes in Tryptophan Decarboxylase and Strictosidine Synthase Activities: A Comparison in Three Strains of Catharanthus roseus Cells.
PubMed:[Psychometric evaluation of the effects of an almitrine-raubasine combination in the intellectual deterioration of aged subjects. A double-blind controlled trial versus placebo].
PubMed:[Quantified electroencephalogram: value in the evaluation of therapy of cerebral aging].
PubMed:[Metabolic and blood circulation evaluation of acute ischemic cerebral accident in humans using positron emission tomography].
PubMed:[Effects of aging and various pharmacologic agents on the brain energy metabolism in the course of post-hypoglycemic recuperation in the rat].
PubMed:Experimental approach of treatment of cerebral ischemia by a combination of raubasine and almitrine.
PubMed:Increased accumulation of indole alkaloids by some cell lines of Catharanthus roseus in response to addition of vanadyl sulphate.
PubMed:Increased synthesis of ajmalicine and catharanthine by cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus in response to fungal culture-filtrates.
PubMed:[Neuropathies and almitrine. 14 cases].
PubMed:Regulation of product synthesis in cell cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Effect of culture temperature.
PubMed:Growth kinetics of Dioscorea deltoidea and Catharanthus roseus in batch culture.
PubMed:[The influence of aging on cerebral energy metabolism following post-hypoglycemic recovery in the rat. Pharmacologic application].
PubMed:Pilot study of the effect of raubasine on platelet biological activity.
PubMed:Selectivity of raubasine stereoisomers for alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the rat.
PubMed:Effects of Iskedyl and its two constituents raubasine and dihydroergocristine on the release of [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]serotonin in canine basilar arteries.
PubMed:Indole alkaloid accumulation and tryptophan decarboxylase activity in Catharanthus roseus cells cultured in three different media.
PubMed:[A multicenter study of tinnitus. Epidemiology and therapy].
PubMed:Evaluation of cerebrovascular processes and their reactions to pharmacotherapy by means of ultrasonic methods.
PubMed:Alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don cell cultures. XIII. Effects of bioregulators on indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
PubMed:[Differential inhibition of raubasine and tetrahydroalstonine on the vasopressor response to sympathetic nervous stimulation and intravenous noradrenaline in the pithed rat].
PubMed:[Therapy of organic psychosyndromes of cerebrovascular origin with a vasoactive drug combination].
PubMed:[Vasoactive drugs in peripheral arterial perfusion disorders. Problems, principles and results of the determination of therapeutic efficacy].
PubMed:Partial purification and characterization of a NADPH dependent tetrahydroalstonine synthase from Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.
PubMed:Peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with almitrine dimesylate.
PubMed:Influence of aging and exogenous substances on cerebral energy metabolism in posthypoglycemic recovery.
PubMed:Influence of Sucrose on Levels of Ajmalicine, Serpentine, and Tryptamine in Catharanthus roseus Cells in vitro.
PubMed:Benzodiazepine agonist-type activity of raubasine, a rauwolfia serpentina alkaloid.
PubMed:Inhibition of the alpha 1 and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated pressor response in pithed rats by raubasine, tetrahydroalstonine and akuammigine.
PubMed:Effects of raubasine stereoisomers on pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the rat vas deferens.
PubMed:Role of drugs in recovery of metabolic function of rat brain following severe hypoglycemia.
PubMed:[Classification of cerebrovascular processes using ultrasound methods].
PubMed:[Effect of various vasoactive drugs on synaptic transmission in the orthosympathetic ganglia in man].
PubMed:Stem bark alkaloids of Rauvolfia caffra.
PubMed:Cerebral and cerebellar metabolic changes induced by drugs during the recovery period after profound hypoglycemia.
PubMed:The Role of 9- and/or 10-oxygenated Derivatives of Geraniol, Geranial, Nerol, and Neral in the Biosynthesis of Loganin and Ajmalicine.
PubMed:Differential role of M-1 and M-2 receptors in sympathetic ganglia of the pithed normotensive rat in alpha adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
PubMed:Alpha-1 adrenoceptors and calcium in isolated canine coronary arteries.
PubMed:[Glycosylated hemoglobin and raubasine in experimental streptozotocin diabetes].
PubMed:Beneficial effect of papaverine plus raubasine in peripheral arterial insufficiency.
PubMed:[New approach to the treatment of arteritis using a combination of drugs and hypervolemia with clinical and biological monitoring].
PubMed:[Demonstration of the therapeutic activity of 5023 SE on intellectual and psychomotor efficacy in elderly impaired patients. Double-blind controlled study versus placebo].
PubMed:[Effects of 5023 SE on PaO2 at rest in elderly patients with cerebral impairment. A double-blind cross-over trial versus placebo].
PubMed:[Comparison of the effects of almitrine, raubasine and 5023 SE on arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise].
PubMed:[Effects of 5023 SE on experimental cerebral ischemia in gerbils].
PubMed:[Ultrastructural study of acute ischemia at the peripheral level. Effects of 5023 SE].
PubMed:[Ultrastructural study of acute ischemia at the cerebral level. Effects of 5023 SE].
PubMed:[Pharmacological approach to a treatment of senescence and cerebrovascular deficiencies related to hypoxia. Application to 5023 SE].
PubMed:[Alpha-blocking activity of raubasine-dihydroergocristine combination in the demedullated rat].
PubMed:alpha-Adrenoceptor blocking properties of raubasine in pithed rats.
PubMed:[Individualization of hypotensive therapy].
PubMed:Efficient incorporation of 10-hydroxygeraniol and 10-hydroxynerol into indole alkaloids by a cell suspension culture of Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:Effects of agents used in the pharmacotherapy of cerebrovascular disease on the oxygen consumption of isolated cerebral mitochondria.
PubMed:Pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity of raubasine in the rat vas deferens.
PubMed:[Antinoradrenergic activity of raubasine on isolated thoracic aorta and vas deferens of rat (author's transl)].
PubMed:Alkaloid Production in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures VIII.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of a combination of raubasine, dihydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine in dogs and human beings.
PubMed:Anxiolytics antagonize yohimbine's discriminative stimulus properties.
PubMed:[Effect of hypotensive agents in combination with oxygen on hemocoagulation in hypertension].
PubMed:[Raubasine-peridural infiltration combination in therapy of obstructive arteriopathies of the lower extremities].
PubMed:[Effect of raubasine and pipratecol on platelet aggregation and on the platelet release reaction].
PubMed:[Effect of a tissue oxygenator (almitrine + raubasine) on the metabolism of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of rabbits submitted by hypoxia].
PubMed:Purification and properties of strictosidine synthetase (an enzyme condensing tryptamine and secologanin) from Catharanthus roseus cultured cells.
PubMed:Effect of a Raubasine-Pipratecol association (Isosarpan) on the sympathetic control of cerebral circulation.
PubMed:[Adaptation of peripheral circulation to exertion in hyperthermia. II. Effects of raubasine].
PubMed:[Ajmalicine assay in Catharanthus roseus G. Don. A comparison between densitometric, spectrometric and hight performance liquid chromatographic methods (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Use of raubasine in long-term therapy of obliterating arteriopathies].
PubMed:[Determination of raubasine by high performance liquid chromatograph].
PubMed:[Fungal activity of various alkaloids isolated from Catharanthus roseus G. Don].
PubMed:The intra-arterial injection of Iskedyl for hyperselective vascular exploration.
PubMed:Indole aldaloid biosynthesis: partial purification of "ajmalicine synthetase" from Catharanthus roseus.
PubMed:[The Martorell ischemic hypertensive leg ulcer].
PubMed:Absorption and excretion of 3H-raubasine in human subjects and dogs.
PubMed:Synthesis of a tetracyclic ajmalicine analogue.
PubMed:[Bioavailability of raubasine in various pharmaceutical forms in the dog].
PubMed:Synthesis of ajmalicine and related indole alkaloids by cell free extracts of Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.
PubMed:[Action of raubasine (new formulation) in arterial occlusive diseases (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Evidence for the action of raubasine from a new formulation of Lamuran tablets].
PubMed:[Predictability of the activity of drug combinations--yes or no (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Gycoside serum concentrations under maintenance therapy with Lanicor, Card-Lamuran, MF708d, and Lanitop (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Plasma levels and biliary and urinary elimination of raubasine, dehydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine after venous administration in anesthetized dogs].
PubMed:[Iskedyl and general anesthesia. Measurement of the systolic ejection volume and peripheral resistance using the arterial pressure curves].
PubMed:[Quantitative rheographic study of the effects of a new drug combination: raubasine/dihydroergocristine].
PubMed:[Effect of the combination of raubasine and hydrogenated ergot alkaloids on the isolated and perfused rat caudal artery and rabbit internal carotid artery].
PubMed:Catharanthus alkaloids XXXI: isolation of ajmalicine, pericalline, tetrahydroalstonine, vindolinine, and ursolic acid from Catharanthus trichophyllus roots.
PubMed:[Modification of cerebrovascular diseases through the oral administration of raubasine].
PubMed:[Acute effect of intravenous administration of raubasine on the peripheral pulse in patients with diabetic arterial diseases].
PubMed:[Clinical experience with a new peripheral vasodilator agent, in which are combined raubasine, and 2 ergot alkaloids in the treatment of peripheral diabetic angiopathy].
PubMed:[Prolonged intravenous and intra-arterial administration of large doses of Raubasine in peripheral arterial diseases].
PubMed:[Effect of raubasine and dihydroergocristine on arteriosclerotic and hypertensive cerebral diseases].
PubMed:[Effect of raubasine in treatment of peripheral arterious circulation disorders].
PubMed:[Headaches in patients with vascular deficiency and their treatment with a raubasine-dihydroergocristine association].
PubMed:[Our experience in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases with raubasine].
PubMed:[Raubasine in otorhinolaryngology].
PubMed:[Blood pressure behavior under high dosage of raubasine in man].
PubMed:[Study of the association of raubasine and dihydroergocristine in the aged patient with vascular disease].
PubMed:[Defluine (an association of raubasine and ergot derivatives) in the treatment of senile cerebral vascular diseases of a sclerotic nature].
PubMed:[Rheocencephalographic changes in cerebral vascular diseases in the aged treated with the association of Raubasine and ergot alkaloids].
PubMed:[Clinical action in vascular pathology of the limbs, of an original association of raubasine and 711 SE].
PubMed:[Pharmacological study of pipratecol (JP 711) and of a pharmaceutical combination raubasine-JP 711].
PubMed:[On a case of Lermoyez' disease, treated by Raubasine].
PubMed:[The effect of raubasine on the vein tonus and venous capacity of the lower leg].
PubMed:[The effect of high doses of raubasine on the rehabilitation of patients with cerebrovascular disorders].
PubMed:[Control of various pharmaceutical products. V. Determination of Ajmalicine].
PubMed:[The association of raubasine and ergot derivatives in therapy of peripheral vascular diseases].
PubMed:[Promotion of organ circulation by raubasine].
PubMed:[The effect of Raubasine on the circulation of the extremities].
PubMed:[Experimentation with raubasine in high doses in neurology and geriatrics].
PubMed:[Raubasine in combination with ergot alkaloid derivatives in the therapy of closed injuries of the brain].
PubMed:[A STUDY OF THE CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOTS OF RAUWOLFIA YUNNANENSIS TSIANG. I. ISOLATION OF AJMALICINE AND RESERPINE].
PubMed:[Raubasine in arterial pathology of the extremities].
PubMed:[RAUBASINE IN ARTERIAL PATHOLOGY OF THE EXTREMITIES].
PubMed:[RAUBASINE IN THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASES].
PubMed:[Clinical experience with Raubasine].
PubMed:[Raubasine. Clinical trials].
PubMed:[Effect of raubasine on the rabbit electroencephalogram].
PubMed:[Application of raubasine in the treatment of angina pectoris & cerebral atherosclerosis].
PubMed:[The paper electrophoretic separation and quantitative determination of rescinnamine and ajmalicine].
PubMed:[Results from the study of a new sympatholytic alkaloid, raubasine, in therapy of arteritis].
PubMed:[Combined effects of the Rauwolfia alkaloids reserpine and raubasine].
 
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