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Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| Soluble in: |
| | water, 134.5 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 1000 mg/kg
United States Patent Document. Vol. #4229439,
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis |
| Recommendation for petunidin usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Recommendation for petunidin flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
|
Safety References:
References:
| | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 73386 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135032657 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2-(3,4- | dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-1-benzopyrylium chloride | | 2-(3,4- | dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol;chloride | | 3,3',4',5,7- | pentahydroxy-5'-methoxy-, chloride (8CI) | | 3,3',4',5,7- | pentahydroxy-5'-methoxyflavylium chloride (7CI) | | | petunidin chloride | | | petunidol |
Articles:
| PubMed:Targeted analysis of bioactive phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Macedonian red wines. |
| PubMed:A comparison of fruit quality parameters of wild bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) growing at different locations. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin characterization, total phenolic quantification and antioxidant features of some Chilean edible berry extracts. |
| PubMed:Tracing flavonoid degradation in grapes by MS filtering with stable isotopes. |
| PubMed:Changes in polyphenols and expression levels of related genes in 'duke' blueberries stored under high CO2 levels. |
| PubMed:Rapid quantitative analysis of individual anthocyanin content based on high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection with the pH differential method. |
| PubMed:Separation and identification of anthocyanin extracted from mulberry fruit and the pigment binding properties toward human serum albumin. |
| PubMed:Characterization and quantitation of anthocyanins and other phenolics in native Andean potatoes. |
| PubMed:Nitrogen supply affects anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes in grapevine cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon berries. |
| PubMed:Isolation and structural elucidation of anthocyanidin 3,7-β-O-diglucosides and caffeoyl-glucaric acids from calafate berries. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins from the flowers of Nagai line of Japanese garden Iris (Iris ensata). |
| PubMed:NMR methodologies in the analysis of blueberries. |
| PubMed:Detection of non-coloured anthocyanin-flavanol derivatives in Rioja aged red wines by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin structure determines susceptibility to microbial degradation and bioavailability to the buccal mucosa. |
| PubMed:Characterization of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Solanum scabrum and Solanum burbankii berries. |
| PubMed:Identification of anthocyanins in black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties. |
| PubMed:Correlation between species-specific metabolite profiles and bioactivities of blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). |
| PubMed:Studies on the preparative isolation and stability of seven main anthocyanins from Yan 73 grape. |
| PubMed:Isolation of high-purity anthocyanin mixtures and monomers from blueberries using combined chromatographic techniques. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanidins, novel FAK inhibitors, attenuate PDGF-BB-induced aortic smooth muscle cell migration and neointima formation. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in Cynthiana grape (Vitis aestivalis) by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxic effect against 3T3 fibroblasts cells of saffron floral bio-residues extracts. |
| PubMed:Comparative evaluation of antimutagenicity of commonly consumed fruits and activity-guided identification of bioactive principles from the most potent fruit, Java plum (Syzygium cumini). |
| PubMed:Effects of a high fat meal matrix and protein complexation on the bioaccessibility of blueberry anthocyanins using the TNO gastrointestinal model (TIM-1). |
| PubMed:Tuning color variation in grape anthocyanins at the molecular scale. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of methylated metabolites of anthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins profile, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of black currant ethanolic extracts as influenced by genotype and ethanol concentration. |
| PubMed:Developmental effects on phenolic, flavonol, anthocyanin, and carotenoid metabolites and gene expression in potatoes. |
| PubMed:Phenolic profiles of Vitis davidii and Vitis quinquangularis species native to China. |
| PubMed:Nutraceutical properties and polyphenolic profile of berry skin and wine of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Aglianico). |
| PubMed:[Chemical constituents of the fruits of Lycium ruthenicum]. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) and identification of the major anthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in combination with lactic acid bacteria on intestinal oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mouse. |
| PubMed:Pelargonidin activates the AhR and induces CYP1A1 in primary human hepatocytes and human cancer cell lines HepG2 and LS174T. |
| PubMed:Evolution of flavonoids in Mouratón berries taken from both bunch halves. |
| PubMed:Circular dichroism of anthocyanidin 3-glucoside self-aggregates. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte. |
| PubMed:Black soybean anthocyanins inhibit adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. |
| PubMed:Schizanthus grahamii and Schizanthus hookeri. Is there any relationship between their anthocyanin compositions and their different pollination syndromes? |
| PubMed:Isolation of bilberry anthocyanidin 3-glycosides bearing ortho-dihydroxyl groups on the B ring by forming an aluminum complex and their antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:Bathochromic and stabilising effects of sugar beet pectin and an isolated pectic fraction on anthocyanins exhibiting pyrogallol and catechol moieties. |
| PubMed:Anti-oxidative analysis, and identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in different coloured rice. |
| PubMed:The effect of self-aggregation on the determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic constants of the network of chemical reactions in 3-glucoside anthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva. |
| PubMed:Optimization of the Extraction of Anthocyanins from the Fruit Skin of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk and Identification of Anthocyanins in the Extract Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). |
| PubMed:Edible Myrciaria vexator fruits: bioactive phenolics for potential COPD therapy. |
| PubMed:Quantitative NMR: an applicable method for quantitative analysis of medicinal plant extracts and herbal products. |
| PubMed:Differences in the structure of anthocyanins from the two amphibious plants, Lobelia cardinalis and Nesaea crassicaulis. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin identification and composition of wild Vitis spp. accessions by using LC-MS and LC-NMR. |
| PubMed:Study of anthocyanic profiles of twenty-one hybrid grape varieties by liquid chromatography and precursor-ion mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Blueberry anthocyanins at doses of 0.5 and 1 % lowered plasma cholesterol by increasing fecal excretion of acidic and neutral sterols in hamsters fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. |
| PubMed:Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of black soybean anthocyanins via inactivation of ASK1-JNK/p38 pathways and mobilization of cellular sialic acids. |
| PubMed:The B gene of pea encodes a defective flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, and confers pink flower color. |
| PubMed:Differential effects of environment on potato phenylpropanoid and carotenoid expression. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of anthocyanin/ellagitannin-enriched extracts from Syzygium cumini L. (Jamun, the Indian Blackberry). |
| PubMed:Visualization of anthocyanin species in rabbiteye blueberry Vaccinium ashei by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:High performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and corresponding juices. |
| PubMed:Different localization patterns of anthocyanin species in the pericarp of black rice revealed by imaging mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following ingestion of Concord grape juice by humans. |
| PubMed:HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of flavonoid compounds in 5 seedless table grapes grown in Apulian Region. |
| PubMed:Feasibility study of FT-MIR spectroscopy and PLS-R for the fast determination of anthocyanins in wine. |
| PubMed:Characterization of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of a purple tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). |
| PubMed:Identification of (poly)phenolic compounds in concord grape juice and their metabolites in human plasma and urine after juice consumption. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin composition and extractability in berry skin and wine of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Aglianico. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effects of muscadine anthocyanins on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities. |
| PubMed:Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in seed coats of 60 Chinese black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) varieties. |
| PubMed:Exceptionally fast uptake and metabolism of cyanidin 3-glucoside by rat kidneys and liver. |
| PubMed:Estimation of the intake of anthocyanidins and their food sources in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins from new red leaf tea 'Sunrouge'. |
| PubMed:Phenolic compounds in berries and flowers of a natural hybrid between bilberry and lingonberry (Vaccinium × intermedium Ruthe). |
| PubMed:Food grade lingonberry extract: polyphenolic composition and in vivo protective effect against oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:Optimization of conditions for anthocyanin hydrolysis from red wine using response surface methodology (RSM). |
| PubMed:Characterization and quantification of polyphenols in Amazon grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius). |
| PubMed:Specific poly-phenolic compounds in cell culture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Gamay Fréaux. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins extracted from Chinese blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) and its anticancer effects on DLD-1 and COLO205 cells. |
| PubMed:The biological activity of the wine anthocyanins delphinidin and petunidin is mediated through Msn2 and Msn4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:A new allele of flower color gene W1 encoding flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase is responsible for light purple flowers in wild soybean Glycine soja. |
| PubMed:Cooked blueberries: anthocyanin and anthocyanidin degradation and their radical-scavenging activity. |
| PubMed:Functional characterization of a UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase from the seed coat of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). |
| PubMed:Variability in the distribution of phenolic compounds in milled fractions of chickpea and horse gram: evaluation of their antioxidant properties. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins profile of grape berries of Vitis amurensis, its hybrids and their wines. |
| PubMed:Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments. |
| PubMed:The red wine extract-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is mediated by a great variety of polyphenolic compounds. |
| PubMed:Determination and comparison of flavonoids and anthocyanins in Chinese sugarcane tips, stems, roots and leaves. |
| PubMed:Analysis and tentative structure elucidation of new anthocyanins in fruit peel of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) using LC-MS/MS: Contribution to the overall antioxidant activity. |
| PubMed:Identification and characterization of anthocyanins in yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L.) by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) analysis. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin and flavonol variation in bog bilberries (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) in Finland. |
| PubMed:Berry anthocyanins and anthocyanidins exhibit distinct affinities for the efflux transporters BCRP and MDR1. |
| PubMed:Comparative study on iron release from soybean (Glycine max) seed ferritin induced by anthocyanins and ascorbate. |
| PubMed:Separation and elucidation of anthocyanins in the fruit of mockstrawberry (Duchesnea indica Focke). |
| PubMed:Degradation of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in blueberry jams/stuffed fish. |
| PubMed:Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of invasion in human hepatoma cells by anthocyanins from meoru. |
| PubMed:Fast analysis of isobaric grape anthocyanins by Chip-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:sPhospholipase A(2) is inhibited by anthocyanidins. |
| PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanins in caucasian blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) native to Turkey. |
| PubMed:Structure of anthocyanins from Eugenia jambolana fruit. |
| PubMed:Changes of anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, and antioxidant activity in bilberry extract during dry heating. |
| PubMed:Bog blueberry anthocyanins alleviate photoaging in ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced human dermal fibroblasts. |
| PubMed:Eugenia jambolana Lam. berry extract inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human breast cancer but not non-tumorigenic breast cells. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin composition and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) of milled and pearled purple, black, and common barley. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin degradation of blueberry-aronia nectar in glass compared with carton during storage. |
| PubMed:Ultrasound extracted flavonoids from four varieties of Portuguese red grape skins determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin composition of wild bananas in Thailand. |
| PubMed:Structures and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins in many accessions of eggplant and its related species. |
| PubMed:Red wine anthocyanins are rapidly absorbed in humans and affect monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels and antioxidant capacity of plasma. |
| PubMed:Identification of Cabernet Sauvignon anthocyanin gut microflora metabolites. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant capacity of seed coat, dehulled bean, and whole black soybeans in relation to their distributions of total phenolics, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and isoflavones. |
| PubMed:Determination of anthocyanins and exploration of relationship between their composition and petal coloration in crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia hybrid). |
| PubMed:Fruit quality, antioxidant capacity, and flavonoid content of organically and conventionally grown blueberries. |
| PubMed:Dietary flavonoid sources in Australian adults. |
| PubMed:Increasing antioxidant activity and reducing decay of blueberries by essential oils. |
| PubMed:Molecular aspects of Anthocyanin fruit tomato in relation to high pigment-1. |
| PubMed:Study of diversity of anthocyanin composition in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits. |
| PubMed:Survey of bioactive components in Western Canadian berries. |
| PubMed:Molar absorptivities and reducing capacity of pyranoanthocyanins and other anthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant profiling of native Andean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) reveals cultivars with high levels of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, chlorogenic acid, and petanin. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins present in selected tropical fruits: acerola, jambolão, jussara, and guajiru. |
| PubMed:Reactivity of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins. Studies on aromatic hydrogen-deuterium exchange reactions in methanol. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of anthocyanin content in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit crude drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography method]. |
| PubMed:Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in extreme phenotypes for berry pigmentation of naturally occurring grapevines. |
| PubMed:Influence of vine vigor on grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot Noir) anthocyanins. 2. Anthocyanins and pigmented polymers in wine. |
| PubMed:Influence of vine vigor on grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot Noir) anthocyanins. 1. Anthocyanin concentration and composition in fruit. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins in wild blueberries of Quebec: extraction and identification. |
| PubMed:Identification of dimeric anthocyanins and new oligomeric pigments in red wine by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. |
| PubMed:Effect of anthocyanin fractions from selected cultivars of Georgia-grown blueberries on apoptosis and phase II enzymes. |
| PubMed:Flavonoid content of U.S. fruits, vegetables, and nuts. |
| PubMed:Characterization of hemiacetal forms of anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-glycopyranosides. |
| PubMed:Effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (Vitis vinifera L.) pinot noir fruit and extraction in a model system. |
| PubMed:Superoxide radical- and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of anthocyanins; structure-activity relationship and their synergism. |
| PubMed:Bioavailability and tissue distribution of anthocyanins in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract in rats. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the anthocyanin composition during ripening of Syrah grapes grown using organic or conventional agricultural practices. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: structure-activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system. |
| PubMed:Polyphenols in wild and weedy Mexican common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. |
| PubMed:Preparative isolation and NMR characterization of carboxypyranoanthocyanins. |
| PubMed:New flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments and anthocyanin composition in guatemalan beans (Phaseolus spp.). |
| PubMed:Screening for anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring. |
| PubMed:Delphinidin, a dietary anthocyanidin, inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 phosphorylation. |
| PubMed:Flavonoids in flowers of 16 Kalanchoë blossfeldiana varieties. |
| PubMed:Electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies on the free radical scavenging activity of wine anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins from red wine--their stability under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. |
| PubMed:Effect of red grapes co-winemaking in polyphenols and color of wines. |
| PubMed:Some advances in the knowledge of grape, wine and distillates chemistry as achieved by mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Identification and characterization of anthocyanins by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in common foods in the United States: vegetables, nuts, and grains. |
| PubMed:Systematic identification and characterization of anthocyanins by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in common foods in the United States: fruits and berries. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins protect against A2E photooxidation and membrane permeabilization in retinal pigment epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:Identification of anthocyanins in Rhamnus alaternus L. berries. |
| PubMed:Human tumor cell growth inhibition by nontoxic anthocyanidins, the pigments in fruits and vegetables. |
| PubMed:Glucosyltransferase: the gene arrangement and enzyme function. |
| PubMed:Insulin secretion by bioactive anthocyanins and anthocyanidins present in fruits. |
| PubMed:Delphinidin accumulation is associated with abnormal flower development in petunias. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identification of anthocyanins of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa, Mol.) tubers. |
| PubMed:Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of anthocyanin composition of dark blue bee pollen from Echium plantagineum. |
| PubMed:Comparison of anthocyanin pigment and other phenolic compounds of Vaccinium membranaceum and Vaccinium ovatum native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. |
| PubMed:Identification of flavonoids in Hakmeitau beans (Vigna sinensis) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS). |
| PubMed:Effect of the maceration technique on the relationships between anthocyanin composition and objective color of Syrah wines. |
| PubMed:Instrumental factors influencing absorption measurements for fluid food color determination. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and cellular activities of anthocyanins and their corresponding vitisins A--studies in platelets, monocytes, and human endothelial cells. |
| PubMed:Production of highly 13C-labeled polyphenols in Vitis vinifera cell bioreactor cultures. |
| PubMed:Comparison of HPLC methods for determination of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in bilberry extracts. |
| PubMed:Complete assignment of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) anthocyanins separated by capillary zone electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:Fruit maturity and juice extraction influences ellagic acid derivatives and other antioxidant polyphenolics in muscadine grapes. |
| PubMed:Characterization and inheritance of the Anthocyanin fruit (Aft) tomato. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of extracts, condensed tannin fractions, and pure flavonoids from Phaseolus vulgaris L. seed coat color genotypes. |
| PubMed:Flavonols and anthocyanins of bush butter, Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam, fruit. changes in their composition during ripening. |
| PubMed:[Polyphenols and anthocyanins in fruits, grapes juices and wines, and evaluation of their antioxidant activity]. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin profile of Korean cultivated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanins from the fruits of baguaçu (Eugenia umbelliflora Berg). |
| PubMed:Bioavailability of anthocyanidin-3-glucosides following consumption of red wine and red grape juice. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin composition of Cabernet Sauvignon and Tempranillo grapes at different stages of ripening. |
| PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Production of anthocyanins by Catharanthus roseus. |
| PubMed:Monitoring changes in anthocyanin and steroid alkaloid glycoside content in lines of transgenic potato plants using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant activity of anthocyanins and their aglycons. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin composition of the fruit of Coriaria myrtifolia L. |
| PubMed:Synergistic antioxidant effect of catechin and malvidin 3-glucoside on free radical-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid in micelles. |
| PubMed:Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanins from black currants (Ribes nigrum L.). |
| PubMed:Ellagic acid and flavonoid antioxidant content of muscadine wine and juice. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic synthesis of [3'-O-methyl-(3)H]malvidin-3-glucoside from petunidin-3-glucoside. |
| PubMed:Flavonoid and carbohydrate contents in Tropea red onions: effects of homelike peeling and storage. |
| PubMed:Screening for potential pigments derived from anthocyanins in red wine using nanoelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Isolation and determination of anthocyanins in seed coats of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). |
| PubMed:Two diacylated malvidin glycosides from Petunia hybrida flowers. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin-rich extract decreases indices of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in vitamin E-depleted rats. |
| PubMed:Determination of anthocyanidins in berries and red wine by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanin p-coumaroyltransferase in flowers of Iris ensata. |
| PubMed:Effect of postharvest ultraviolet irradiation on resveratrol and other phenolics of cv. Napoleon table grapes. |
| PubMed:Differences in the floral anthocyanin content of red petunias and Petunia exserta. |
| PubMed:Comparison of anthocyanin distribution in different blueberry sources by capillary zone electrophoresis. |
| PubMed:DNA triplex stabilization property of natural anthocyanins. |
| PubMed:Seven acylated anthocyanins in the blue flowers of Hyacinthus orientalis. |
| PubMed:Light and developmental regulation of the Anp-controlled anthocyanin phenotype of bean pods. |
| PubMed:Anthocyanidins and Flavonols, Major nod Gene Inducers from Seeds of a Black-Seeded Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). |
| PubMed:Anthocyanin-Flavonol Co-pigmentation in Blue Seed Coats of Ophiopogon jaburan. |
| PubMed:Properties and genetic control of anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase in flowers of Petunia hybrida. |
| PubMed:Genetic control of anthocyanin-O-methyltransferase activity in flowers of Petunia hybrida. |
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Isol. from bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus), giant granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis), Amonum subulatum (Nepal cardamon) and other plants. Also found in red table wine and red wine vinegar. Glycosides also widely distributed
Petunidin is an anthocyanin.; Anthocyanins are water soluble pigments belonging to the flavonoids compound family involved in nature in a wide range of functions such as flowers, fruits, and seeds pigmentation to attract pollinators, to disperse seeds, to protect against UV light damage, and in plant defense to protect against pathogen attack. Because anthocyanins impart much of the color and flavor of fruits and vegetables, they are usually components of the human diet and are not only considered exclusively as food products but also as therapeutic agents; in fact, anthocyanins have been suggested to protect against oxidative stress, coronary heart diseases, certain cancers, and other age-related diseases. At least part of these presumed health-promoting features can be attributed to the antioxidant properties of these compounds whose chemical structure appears ideal for free radical scavenging. (PMID: 16277406)
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3D/inchi