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protopanaxatriol
dammar-24-ene-3,6,12,20-tetrol, (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-

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Name:(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
CAS Number: 34080-08-5Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: ZMK19P3WMP
MDL:MFCD01861517
XlogP3-AA:5.90 (est)
Molecular Weight:476.74124000
Formula:C30 H52 O4
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 590.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 464.00 °F. TCC ( 240.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 5.890 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 0.009397 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Protopanaxatriol, 20S- 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Protopanaxatriol >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: 20S-Protopanaxatriol (g-PPT), a dammarane-type tetracyclic terpene sapogenin, may be used to study its binding to and modulation of cell function via glucocortoid (GR) and oestrogen (ER) receptors.
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
20S-Protopanaxatriol
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Protopanaxatriol (HPLC) ≥98%
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Protopanaxatriol
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
20S-Protopanaxatriol
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for protopanaxatriol usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for protopanaxatriol flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :161798
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
Chemidplus:0034080085
 
References:
 (3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):161798
Pubchem (sid):135117429
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 ginseng leaf
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 dammar-24-ene-3,6,12,20-tetrol, (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-
(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14S,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6,12-triol
 

Articles:

PubMed:Tissue-specific distribution of ginsenosides in different aged ginseng and antioxidant activity of ginseng leaf.
PubMed:Cloning and heterologous expression of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes from Bacillus subtilis and its application in the glycosylation of ginsenoside Rh1.
PubMed:Two Ginseng UDP-Glycosyltransferases Synthesize Ginsenoside Rg3 and Rd.
PubMed:Molecular mechanisms governing differential pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides and potential for ginsenoside-perpetrated herb-drug interactions on OATP1B3.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Mucor spinosus.
PubMed:A novel strategy for rapid quantification of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol and 20(S)-protopanaxadiol saponins in Panax notoginsengP. ginseng and P. quinquefolium.
PubMed:Rapid identification of traditional Chinese herbal medicine by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry.
PubMed:A dual purpose cell line of an Indian congener of ginseng-Panax sikkimensis with distinct ginsenoside and anthocyanin production profiles.
PubMed:Bioavailability of ginsenosides from white and red ginsengs in the simulated digestion model.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rh1 induces mouse osteoblast growth and differentiation through the bone morphogenetic protein 2/runt-related gene 2 signalling pathway.
PubMed:Saponins in the genus Panax L. (Araliaceae): a systematic review of their chemical diversity.
PubMed:Identification of the protopanaxatriol synthase gene CYP6H for ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax quinquefolius.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 eliminates HIV-1 (D3)-transduced cytoprotective human macrophages by inhibiting the AKT pathway.
PubMed:Enhancement of ginsenoside biosynthesis and secretion by Tween 80 in Panax ginseng hairy roots.
PubMed:Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g1.
PubMed:[Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of ginsenosides after administration of sailuotong].
PubMed:Tissue distribution and excretion of herbal components after intravenous administration of a Chinese medicine (Shengmai injection) in rat.
PubMed:One-month toxicokinetic study of SHENMAI injection in rats.
PubMed:Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition.
PubMed:Metabolite profiling of ginsenoside Rg1 after oral administration in rat.
PubMed:Preparation of a monoclonal antibody against notoginsenoside R1, a distinctive saponin from Panax notoginseng, and its application to indirect competitive ELISA.
PubMed:Ginsenoside profiles and related gene expression during foliation in Panax ginseng Meyer.
PubMed:Ginsenoside-mediated blockade of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inactivation in human liver and intestine in vitro.
PubMed:Producing aglycons of ginsenosides in bakers' yeast.
PubMed:[Dynamics of ginsenoside biosynthesis in suspension culture of Panax notoginseng].
PubMed:[Chemical constituents from roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng cultivated in Jilin province].
PubMed:Biotransformation of saponins by endophytes isolated from Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Differential effects of ginsenoside metabolites on slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) and KCNQ1 K(+) channel currents.
PubMed:Ginseng saponins and the treatment of osteoporosis: mini literature review.
PubMed:Identification of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol metabolites in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:MiR-7-1 potentiated estrogen receptor agonists for functional neuroprotection in VSC4.1 motoneurons.
PubMed:The ginsenosides and carbohydrate profiles of ginseng cultivated under mountainous forest.
PubMed:Production of aglycone protopanaxatriol from ginseng root extract using Dictyoglomus turgidum β-glycosidase that specifically hydrolyzes the xylose at the C-6 position and the glucose in protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides.
PubMed:Production of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rh1 by hydrolyzing the outer glycoside at the C-6 position in protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides using β-glucosidase from Pyrococcus furiosus.
PubMed:Bioactive protopanaxatriol type saponins isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen.
PubMed:Effect of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on arterial stiffness in subjects with type-2 diabetes and concomitant hypertension.
PubMed:Bidirectional modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol on NMDA receptors via ERα and ERβ in the dentate gyrus of juvenile male rats.
PubMed:Production of ginsenoside aglycons and Rb1 deglycosylation pathway profiling by HPLC and ESI-MS/MS using Sphingobacterium multivorum GIN723.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rh1 eliminates the cytoprotective phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-transduced human macrophages by inhibiting the phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 1.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of a Mucilaginibacter sp. strain QM49 β-glucosidase and its use in the production of the pharmaceutically active minor ginsenosides (S)-Rh1 and (S)-Rg2.
PubMed:Characterizing a full spectrum of physico-chemical properties of (20S)- and (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 to be proposed as standard reference materials.
PubMed:Increase in the Contents of Ginsenosides in Raw Ginseng Roots in Response to Exposure to 450 and 470 nm Light from Light-Emitting Diodes.
PubMed:Protopanaxatriol ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and the in vitro invasion/migration of human astroglioma cells.
PubMed:Combinatorial metabolism notably affects human systemic exposure to ginsenosides from orally administered extract of Panax notoginseng roots (Sanqi).
PubMed:Ginsenjilinol, a new protopanaxatriol-type saponin with inhibitory activity on LPS-activated NO production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells from the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng.
PubMed:Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Metabolites, Compound K and Protopanaxatriol, on GABAC Receptor-Mediated Ion Currents.
PubMed:Estradiol replacement enhances cocaine-stimulated locomotion in female C57BL/6 mice through estrogen receptor alpha.
PubMed:[Screening of pregnane X receptor activation from ginsenosides].
PubMed:Panax ginseng extract rich in ginsenoside protopanaxatriol offers combinatorial effects in nitric oxide production via multiple signaling pathways.
PubMed:Rapid chemical profiling of saponins in the flower buds of Panax notoginseng by integrating MCI gel column chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.
PubMed:β-glucosidase from Penicillium aculeatum hydrolyzes exo-, 3-O-, and 6-O-β-glucosides but not 20-O-β-glucoside and other glycosides of ginsenosides.
PubMed:Enhancement of ginsenoside biosynthesis in cell cultures of Panax ginseng by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide elicitation.
PubMed:Different pharmacokinetics of the two structurally similar dammarane sapogenins, protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol, in rats.
PubMed:Inhibitory effect of protopanaxatriol ginseng metabolite M4 on the production of corticosteroids in ACTH-stimulated bovine adrenal fasciculata cells.
PubMed:Rivaroxaban, a direct inhibitor of the coagulation factor Xa interferes with hormonal-induced physiological modulations in human female osteoblastic cell line SaSO2.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rh1 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation.
PubMed:Metabolite profiling of ginsenoside Re in rat urine and faeces after oral administration.
PubMed:Oestrogens improve human pancreatic islet transplantation in a mouse model of insulin deficient diabetes.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol by Absidia corymbifera. Cytotoxic activity of the metabolites against human prostate cancer cells.
PubMed:Oestrogen receptor α agonist improved long-term ovariectomy-induced spatial cognition deficit in young rats.
PubMed:Studies on the chemical transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides R(e), R(g2), and R(f) using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS).
PubMed:Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Absidia corymbifera and their cytotoxic activities against two human prostate cancer cell lines.
PubMed:Characterization of the ginsenoside-transforming recombinant β-glucosidase from Actinosynnema mirum and bioconversion of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides.
PubMed:Cytochrome P450 CYP716A53v2 catalyzes the formation of protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol during ginsenoside biosynthesis in Panax ginseng.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Re ameliorates inflammation by inhibiting the binding of lipopolysaccharide to TLR4 on macrophages.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rg3 to ginsenoside Rh2 by Esteya vermicola CNU 120806.
PubMed:Pharmacodynamics of ginsenosides: antioxidant activities, activation of Nrf2, and potential synergistic effects of combinations.
PubMed:The inhibitory effect of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (ppt) towards UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
PubMed:Inhibition of P-glycoprotein leads to improved oral bioavailability of compound K, an anticancer metabolite of red ginseng extract produced by gut microflora.
PubMed:Effects of protopanaxatriol-ginsenoside metabolites on rat N-methyl-d-aspartic Acid receptor-mediated ion currents.
PubMed:Fungal sensitivity to and enzymatic deglycosylation of ginsenosides.
PubMed:Panax ginseng extract rich in ginsenoside protopanaxatriol attenuates blood pressure elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats by affecting the Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
PubMed:Improvement of dissolution and bioavailability of Ginsenosides by hot melt extrusion and cogrinding.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Re: Its chemistry, metabolism and pharmacokinetics.
PubMed:Metabolite profiling and pharmacokinetics of herbal compounds following oral administration of a cardiovascular multi-herb medicine (Qishen yiqi pills) in rats.
PubMed:Co-transformation of Panax major ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rg₁ to minor ginsenosides C-K and F₁ by Cladosporium cladosporioides.
PubMed:Effects of Ginsenoside Metabolites on GABAA Receptor-Mediated Ion Currents.
PubMed:The in vitro structure-related anti-cancer activity of ginsenosides and their derivatives.
PubMed:Protective effect of ginseng sapogenins against 2,2'-azobis (1-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced LLC-PK₁ cell damage.
PubMed:Target separation of a new anti-tumor saponin and metabolic profiling of leaves of Panax notoginseng by liquid chromatography with eletrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:A novel ginsenosidase from an Aspergillus strain hydrolyzing 6-O-multi-glycosides of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides, named ginsenosidase type IV.
PubMed:Comparative study on saponin fractions from Panax notoginseng inhibiting inflammation-induced endothelial adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Re lowers blood glucose and lipid levels via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells and high-fat diet fed mice.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of ginsenoside-Rg₁ by Absidia coerulea and the reversal activity of the metabolites towards multi-drug resistant tumor cells.
PubMed:Effects of Minor Ginsenosides, Ginsenoside Metabolites, and Ginsenoside Epimers on the Growth of Caenorhabditis elegans.
PubMed:Dual functions of ginsenosides in protecting human endothelial cells against influenza H9N2-induced inflammation and apoptosis.
PubMed:Preventive effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides on liver inflammation and apoptosis in hyperlipidemic apoE KO mice.
PubMed:AMP-activated protein kinase: a potential target for ginsenosides?
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ginsenoside (G-Re, G-Rg1, G-Rg2, G-F1, G-Rh1) and protopanaxatriol in human plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study of G-Re in volunteers.
PubMed:Differential effects of ginsenoside metabolites on HERG k channel currents.
PubMed:Effect of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol and its epimeric derivatives on myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol.
PubMed:Development of a rapid and convenient method to separate eight ginsenosides from Panax ginseng by high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection.
PubMed:Spinal estrogen receptor alpha mediates estradiol-induced pronociception in a visceral pain model in the rat.
PubMed:Ginseng for cognition.
PubMed:Development of new staining technology "eastern blotting" using monoclonal antibody.
PubMed:Protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng.
PubMed:[Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides Rg1 and its metabolites in rats].
PubMed:Gender-specific reduction in contraction is associated with increased estrogen receptor expression in single vascular smooth muscle cells of female rat.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of five active hydrolysis ingredients from Panax quinquefolium L. by HPLC-ELSD.
PubMed:Single-chain variable fragment antibody against ginsenoside Re as an effective tool for the determination of ginsenosides in various ginsengs.
PubMed:Antihepatocarcinoma activity of lactic acid bacteria fermented Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Cellular uptake of ginsenosides in Korean white ginseng and red ginseng and their apoptotic activities in human breast cancer cells.
PubMed:Microsomal cytochrome p450-mediated metabolism of protopanaxatriol ginsenosides: metabolite profile, reaction phenotyping, and structure-metabolism relationship.
PubMed:Anti-Obesity effects of protopanaxdiol types of Ginsenosides isolated from the leaves of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in mice fed with a high-fat diet.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rh1 suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in IFN-gamma-stimulated microglia via modulation of JAK/STAT and ERK signaling pathways.
PubMed:Mass spectrometric imaging of ginsenosides localization in Panax ginseng root.
PubMed:Characterization of metabolism and in vitro permeability study of notoginsenoside R1 from Radix notoginseng.
PubMed:Quantitative comparison of ginsenosides and polyacetylenes in wild and cultivated American ginseng.
PubMed:Protopanaxatriol metabolites identified by LC-MS/MS after oral administration in mice.
PubMed:Validated quantification for selective cellular uptake of ginsenosides on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Isolation, synthesis and structures of ginsenoside derivatives and their anti-tumor bioactivity.
PubMed:New achievements in ginseng research and its future prospects.
PubMed:Microbial conversion of rare ginsenoside Rf to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Aspergillus niger.
PubMed:(3R,6R,12R,20S,24S)-3,6,12-Triacetyl-20,24-ep-oxy-dammarane-3,6,12,25-tetra-ol.
PubMed:Mating changes the subcellular distribution and the functionality of estrogen receptors in the rat oviduct.
PubMed:The ginsenoside protopanaxatriol protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury and cell death by modulating intracellular redox status.
PubMed:Cytoskeletal changes underlie estrogen's acute effects on synaptic transmission and plasticity.
PubMed:[Metabolic study of ginsenoside Re in rats].
PubMed:Antioxidant and apoptotic effects of korean white ginseng extracted with the same ratio of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
PubMed:Estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) subtype-specific ligands increase transcription, p44/p42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and growth in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.
PubMed:Improvement of memory in mice and increase of hippocampal excitability in rats by ginsenoside Rg1's metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol.
PubMed:Induction of chemoprotective phase 2 enzymes by ginseng and its components.
PubMed:Characterization of pharmacokinetic profiles and metabolic pathways of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed:Effect of a putative ERalpha antagonist, MPP, on food intake in cycling and ovariectomized rats.
PubMed:Effects of extrusion process variables on extractable ginsenosides in wheat-ginseng extrudates.
PubMed:Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol bind to glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in endothelial cells.
PubMed:Determination of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 and its aglycone 20(S)-protopanaxatriol in rat plasma by sensitive LC-APCI-MS method and its application to pharmacokinetic study.
PubMed:[Clinical value of protoparaxotril saporlirs combined with aspirin in the secondary prevention of cerebral infarction].
PubMed:Potential role of ginseng in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
PubMed:Two new dammarane triterpene glycosides from the rhizomes of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Comparison of the antiobesity effects of the protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol-type saponins of red ginseng.
PubMed:ERalpha, but not ERbeta, mediates the expression of sexual behavior in the female rat.
PubMed:Protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in Panax notoginseng cells.
PubMed:Antitumor agents. 261. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(s)-protopanaxatriol as antiangiogenic agents and total assignment of (1)H NMR spectra.
PubMed:The protective effects of ginsenosides on human erythrocytes against hemin-induced hemolysis.
PubMed:Marked production of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and compound K by enzymatic method.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of ginsenosides and their hydrolyzed metabolites on daunorubicin transport in KB-C2 cells.
PubMed:Investigation of the hydrolysis of ginsenosides by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Mutations of arginine 222 in pre-transmembrane domain I of mouse 5-HT(3A) receptor abolish 20(R)- but not 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) inhibition of 5-HT-mediated ion currents.
PubMed:Manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity of Panax notoginseng cells in flask and bioreactor cultivations with addition of phenobarbital.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol-type saponins by Absidia coerulea.
PubMed:Biotransformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Mucor spinosus and the cytotoxic structure activity relationships of the transformed products.
PubMed:Eastern blotting and immunoaffinity concentration using monoclonal antibody for ginseng saponins in the field of traditional chinese medicines.
PubMed:Effect of ginsenosides on glucose uptake in human Caco-2 cells is mediated through altered Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 expression.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of new special ginsenosidase hydrolyzing multi-glycisides of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, ginsenosidase type I.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Re and notoginsenoside R1: Immunologic adjuvants with low haemolytic effect.
PubMed:Immunological-adjuvant saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Adjuvant effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins from ginseng roots on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice.
PubMed:Utilization study of stems and leaves of Tienchi Ginseng. I. Anti-hypertensive effect of stems and leaves of Tienchi Ginseng on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP).
PubMed:[Analysis of ginsenosides in Sheng-Mai-Yin decoction by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray mass spectrometry].
PubMed:A ginsenoside metabolite, 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, triggers apoptosis in activated rat hepatic stellate cells via caspase-3 activation.
PubMed:Dammarenediol-II synthase, the first dedicated enzyme for ginsenoside biosynthesis, in Panax ginseng.
PubMed:Selective estrogen receptor-alpha but not -beta agonist treatment modulates brain alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors.
PubMed:Ginsenoside content and variation among and within American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations.
PubMed:Metabolites of ginsenosides as novel BCRP inhibitors.
PubMed:Ginsenoside metabolites, rather than naturally occurring ginsenosides, lead to inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes.
PubMed:Chemical characteristics for different parts of Panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-ELSD.
PubMed:Effects of ginsenosides and their metabolites on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes.
PubMed:Influence of ginsenoside Rh1 and F1 on human cytochrome p450 enzymes.
PubMed:[Alkaline-degradation products of ginsenosides from leaves and stems of Panax quinquefolium].
PubMed:Ginsenoside 20S-protopanaxatriol (PPT) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
PubMed:Natural products from ginseng inhibit [3H]batrachotoxinin A 20-alpha-benzoate binding to Na+ channels in mammalian brain.
PubMed:Structure and biological activity of protopanaxatriol-type saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Induction and characterization of adventitious roots directly from the explants of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Effect of ginseng saponins on a rat visceral hypersensitivity model.
PubMed:In vitro metabolism of ginsenosides by the ginseng root pathogen Pythium irregulare.
PubMed:Metabolism of ginsenoside Re by human intestinal microflora and its estrogenic effect.
PubMed:Transformation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Re from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms.
PubMed:Evidence that the tertiary structure of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg(3) with tight hydrophobic packing near the chiral center is important for Na(+) channel regulation.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Mucor spinosus.
PubMed:Simultaneous rapid quantification of ginsenoside Rg1 and its secondary glycoside Rh1 and aglycone protopanaxatriol in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction.
PubMed:Protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides differentially modulate type 1 and type 2 cytokines production from murine splenocytes.
PubMed:Stereospecificity of ginsenoside Rg3 action on ion channels.
PubMed:Immunoenhancing activity of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside-F3 in murine spleen cells.
PubMed:[Isolation and identification of minor bioactive saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng].
PubMed:Selection of high ginsenoside producing ginseng hairy root lines using targeted metabolic analysis.
PubMed:The inhibitory effect of intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginsenosides on CYP3A activity.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of triterpene saponins in ginseng drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Mechanistic studies on protopanaxadiol, Rh2, and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract induced cytotoxicity in intestinal Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: metabolic activation of ginsenoside: deglycosylation by intestinal bacteria and esterification with fatty acid.
PubMed:Proof of the mysterious efficacy of ginseng: basic and clinical trials: suppression of adrenal medullary function in vitro by ginseng.
PubMed:Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: the role of ginsenosides.
PubMed:Differential effect of ginsenoside metabolites on the 5-HT3A receptor-mediated ion current in Xenopus oocytes.
PubMed:Ginsenosides 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and Rh2 reduce cell proliferation and increase sub-G1 cells in two cultured intestinal cell lines, Int-407 and Caco-2.
PubMed:20(S)-Protopanaxatriol, one of ginsenoside metabolites, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
PubMed:In vitro inhibition of adrenal catecholamine secretion by steroidal metabolites of ginseng saponins.
PubMed:Differential effect of bovine serum albumin on ginsenoside metabolite-induced inhibition of alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
PubMed:Modulating effects of Korean ginseng saponins on ovarian function in immature rats.
PubMed:Degradation of ginsenosides in humans after oral administration.
PubMed:In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes.
PubMed:Enzymatic preparation of ginsenosides Rg2, Rh1, and F1 from protopanaxatriol-type ginseng saponin mixture.
PubMed:Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by protopanaxatriol ginsenosides from Korean red ginseng.
PubMed:Enzymatic preparation of ginsenosides Rg2, Rh1, and F1.
PubMed:Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia.
PubMed:[Research on the transformation of ginsenoside Rg1 by intestinal flora].
PubMed:Axonal and dendritic extension by protopanaxadiol-type saponins from ginseng drugs in SK-N-SH cells.
PubMed:Ginsenosides inhibit EGF-induced proliferation of renal proximal tubule cells via decrease of c-fos and c-jun gene expression in vitro.
PubMed:Ginsenosides protect apical transporters of cultured proximal tubule cells from dysfunctions induced by h(2)o(2).
PubMed:Structure-function relationship exists for ginsenosides in reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the human leukemia (THP-1) cell line.
PubMed:Can ginsenosides protect human erythrocytes against free-radical-induced hemolysis?
PubMed:Prevention of growth and metastasis of murine melanoma through enhanced natural-killer cytotoxicity by fatty acid-conjugate of protopanaxatriol.
PubMed:Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of ginsenosides.
PubMed:[Comparative study of cytotoxic and hemolytic effects of triterpenoids isolated from Ginseng and Sea cucumber].
PubMed:Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds.
PubMed:Double staining of ginsenosides by Western blotting using anti-ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 monoclonal antibodies.
PubMed:In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of panaxytriol isolated from ginseng.
PubMed:Effects of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on cell-to-cell communication function mediated by gap junctions.
PubMed:Enzymatic synthesis of two ginsenoside Re-beta-xylosides.
PubMed:Regioselective enzymatic glycosylation of natural polyhydroxylated compounds: galactosylation and glucosylation of protopanaxatriol ginsenosides.
PubMed:Transglycosylation to ginseng saponins by cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases.
PubMed:Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity.
PubMed:The inhibitory effects of ginsenosides on protein tyrosine kinase activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
PubMed:Enzymatic preparation of genuine prosapogenin, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1, from ginsenosides Re and Rg1.
PubMed:Four new saponins from the root bark of Aralia elata.
PubMed:Reduction of electrically evoked neural activity by ginseng saponin in rat hippocampal slices.
PubMed:Korean red ginseng saponins with low ratios of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponin improve scopolamine-induced learning disability and spatial working memory in mice.
PubMed:Protopanaxatriol ginsenosides inhibit glucose uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells by arachidonic acid release.
PubMed:The ginsenoside Rg3 evokes endothelium-independent relaxation in rat aortic rings: role of K+ channels.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg3 mediates endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to ginsenosides in rat aorta: role of K+ channels.
PubMed:Determination of ginsenoside Rf and Rg2 from Panax ginseng using enzyme immunoassay.
PubMed:Effects of the ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on morphine-induced hyperactivity and reinforcement in mice.
PubMed:Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins.
PubMed:Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link?
PubMed:Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol for study on human urinary excretion of ginsenosides after ingestion of ginseng preparations.
PubMed:[Minor saponins from leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer].
PubMed:Effects of triterpenoid glycosides of the dammaran series and their aglycons on phase transitions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
PubMed:Ginsenosides increase secretion of lipoprotein lipase by 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
PubMed:Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria.
PubMed:Determination of aglycones of ginsenosides in ginseng preparations sold in Sweden and in urine samples from Swedish athletes consuming ginseng.
PubMed:[Effect of ginseng ginsenosides on phase transitions of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine membranes].
PubMed:[Action of triterpene glycosides of the dammarane series and their aglycones on the K+ and H+ ion currents in erythrocytes, induced by the ionophore A23187 and divalent ions].
PubMed:[Action of triterpene glycosides of the dammarane series and their aglycones on lipid membranes].
PubMed:Reversal of daunomycin and vinblastine resistance in multidrug-resistant P388 leukemia in vitro through enhanced cytotoxicity by triterpenoids.
PubMed:Ginsenosides of the protopanaxatriol group cause endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat aorta.
PubMed:Analysis of ginsenosides by chromatography and mass spectrometry: release of 20 S-protopanaxadiol and 20 S-protopanaxatriol for quantitation.
PubMed:[Chemical constituents of the fruit of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer].
PubMed:Combination of HPLC and 252-Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry for identifying composition of ginseng tinctures.
PubMed:Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VII. Comparison of the decomposition modes of ginsenoside-Rb1 and -Rb2 in the digestive tract of rats.
PubMed:Studies on absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. VI. The decomposition products of ginsenoside Rb2 in the stomach of rats.
PubMed:A New Minor Saponin from the Leaves of Panax ginseng.
PubMed:Distinctive effect of ginseng saponins on development of morphine tolerance in guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens.
PubMed:A non-opioid mechanism in the inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on electrically evoked contractions of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens.
PubMed:Effects of purified ginseng saponins on multilamellar liposomes.
PubMed:American ginseng. III. Pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in the rabbit.
PubMed:Stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by ginseng saponin.
PubMed:Chemico-pharmacological studies on saponins of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. II. Pharmacological part.
 
Notes:
triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol.
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