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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystals (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 270.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 2.220 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 54.63 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 25 mg/kg
Schweizerische Zietschrift fuer Allgemeine Pathologie und Bakteriologie. Vol. 22, Pg. 557, 1959.
oral-mouse LD50 500 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 61, 1979.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 1000 mg/kg
"CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980Vol. 8(2), Pg. 218, 1982.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for tomatine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Recommendation for tomatine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| beta-d- | galactopyranoside, (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25s)-spirosolan-3-yl O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3))-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)- | | | lycopersicin | | (3beta,5alpha,22beta,25S)- | spirosolan-3-yl O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(beta-D-xylopyranosyl)-(1-3))-O-(beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-beta-d-galactopyranoside | | | tomatidine, glycoside | | | tomatin |
Articles:
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatography LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry method for tomatidine and non-target metabolites quantification in organic and normal tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids in Solanaceae plants: incorporation of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-al into tomatine with tomato seedlings. |
| PubMed:Cholesterol aided etching of tomatine gold nanoparticles: a non-enzymatic blood cholesterol monitor. |
| PubMed:Systems-based discovery of tomatidine as a natural small molecule inhibitor of skeletal muscle atrophy. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of tomatine against hydrogen peroxide-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. |
| PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of steroidal alkaloids on glutamate-induced toxicity by preserving mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:The cytotoxic effect of α-tomatine in MCF-7 human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells depends on its interaction with cholesterol in incubation media and does not involve apoptosis induction. |
| PubMed:Anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and other health benefits of tomato compounds lycopene, α-tomatine, and tomatidine in pure form and in fresh and processed tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Steroidal glycoalkaloid profiling and structures of glycoalkaloids in wild tomato fruit. |
| PubMed:Alpha-tomatine synergises with paclitaxel to enhance apoptosis of androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:The anticancer activity of alpha-tomatine against mammary adenocarcinoma in mice. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine inhibits invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 by reducing matrix metalloproteinases expression. |
| PubMed:Screening test for rapid food safety evaluation by menadione-catalysed chemiluminescent assay. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of steroidal alkaloids in Solanaceae plants: involvement of an aldehyde intermediate during C-26 amination. |
| PubMed:Detoxification of α-tomatine by Cladosporium fulvum is required for full virulence on tomato. |
| PubMed:Alpha-tomatine attenuation of in vivo growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumors of human prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells is accompanied by inactivation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. |
| PubMed:Is the C:N ratio a reliable indicator of C allocation to primary and defence-related metabolisms in tomato? |
| PubMed:The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| PubMed:A long-term comparison of the influence of organic and conventional crop management practices on the content of the glycoalkaloid α-tomatine in tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Suppression of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells invasion/migration by α-tomatine through activating PKCα/ERK/NF-κB-dependent MMP-2/MMP-9 expressions. |
| PubMed:Green tomato extract attenuates high-fat-diet-induced obesity through activation of the AMPK pathway in C57BL/6 mice. |
| PubMed:α-Tomatine-mediated anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo through cell cycle- and caspase-independent pathways. |
| PubMed:A novel flow cytometric HTS assay reveals functional modulators of ATP binding cassette transporter ABCB6. |
| PubMed:Role of hedgehog signaling in malignant pleural mesothelioma. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine promotes the inhibition of 24-alkylated sterol biosynthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of α-, β(1)-, γ-, and δ-tomatine and tomatidine against human breast (MDA-MB-231), gastric (KATO-III), and prostate (PC3) cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine, a tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT). |
| PubMed:GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM1 is required for steroidal alkaloid glycosylation and prevention of phytotoxicity in tomato. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine acts in synergy with aminoglycoside antibiotics against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus and prevents virulence gene expression. |
| PubMed:Cloning, expression, characterization and inhibition studies on trypanothione synthetase, a drug target enzyme, from Leishmania donovani. |
| PubMed:Efficient improved extraction of tomato saponin using shock waves. |
| PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometric screening of an insect/plant system: the case of Spodoptera littoralis/Lycopersicon esculentum phenolics and alkaloids. |
| PubMed:Alpha-tomatine induces apoptosis and inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation on human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine inhibits replication of Staphylococcus aureus small-colony variants in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:α-Tomatine suppresses invasion and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells through inactivating FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reducing binding activity of NF-κB. |
| PubMed:The tomato saponin, esculeoside a. |
| PubMed:Applications of femtochemistry to proteomic and metabolomic analysis. |
| PubMed:In vivo antimalarial activities of glycoalkaloids isolated from Solanaceae plants. |
| PubMed:[Determination of tomatine in Solanum cathayanum by RP-HPLC]. |
| PubMed:Changes in free amino acid, phenolic, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and glycoalkaloid contents in tomatoes during 11 stages of growth and inhibition of cervical and lung human cancer cells by green tomato extracts. |
| PubMed:Gli2 expression and human bladder transitional carcinoma cell invasiveness. |
| PubMed:Tomatine adjuvantation of protective immunity to a major pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate of malaria is mediated via CD8+ T cell release of IFN-gamma. |
| PubMed:Tomatine-containing green tomato extracts inhibit growth of human breast, colon, liver, and stomach cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Alpha-tomatine inactivates PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells: effect on metastasis. |
| PubMed:C22 isomerization in alpha-tomatine-to-esculeoside A conversion during tomato ripening is driven by C27 hydroxylation of triterpenoidal skeleton. |
| PubMed:Evidence for allosteric interactions of antagonist binding to the smoothened receptor. |
| PubMed:Involvement of ethylene in the accumulation of esculeoside A during fruit ripening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). |
| PubMed:Hedgehog signalling is essential for maintenance of cancer stem cells in myeloid leukaemia. |
| PubMed:Distribution of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers of 59 accessions of two wild and five cultivated Solanum species. |
| PubMed:Isolation, characterization, and surfactant properties of the major triterpenoid glycosides from unripe tomato fruits. |
| PubMed:Fungal Sensitivity to and Enzymatic Degradation of the Phytoanticipin alpha-Tomatine. |
| PubMed:Streptomyces scabies 87-22 possesses a functional tomatinase. |
| PubMed:Comparative study on the responses of maxillary sensilla styloconica of cotton bollwormHelicoverpa armigera and Oriental tobacco budwormH. assulta larvae to phytochemicals. |
| PubMed:Tomatinase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is required for full virulence on tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the interaction of tomatine with mixed monolayers containing phospholipid, egg sphingomyelin, and sterols. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine inhibits iNOS and COX-2 through suppression of NF-kappaB and JNK pathways in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. |
| PubMed:Autonomous Hedgehog signalling is undetectable in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid, suppresses fatty acid synthase expression in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through modulating Akt, mTOR and JNK phosphorylation. |
| PubMed:Protective effect of dietary tomatine against dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP)-induced liver and stomach tumors in rainbow trout. |
| PubMed:Heterologous expression of Fusarium oxysporum tomatinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases its resistance to saponins and improves ethanol production during the fermentation of Agave tequilana Weber var. azul and Agave salmiana must. |
| PubMed:Hedgehog signaling pathway is inactive in colorectal cancer cell lines. |
| PubMed:Efficient conversion of tomatidine into neuritogenic pregnane derivative. |
| PubMed:alpha-Tomatine, the major saponin in tomato, induces programmed cell death mediated by reactive oxygen species in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. |
| PubMed:Culturable leaf-associated bacteria on tomato plants and their potential as biological control agents. |
| PubMed:[Kinetic properties of butyrylcholinesterases immobilised on pH-sensitive field-effect transistor surface and inhibitory action of steroidal glycoalkaloids on these enzymes]. |
| PubMed:Interaction of the glycoalkaloid tomatine with DMPC and sterol monolayers studied by surface pressure measurements and Brewster angle microscopy. |
| PubMed:A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome database for tomato. |
| PubMed:Dual effects of plant steroidal alkaloids on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Tomato fruit size, maturity and alpha-tomatine content influence the performance of larvae of potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). |
| PubMed:Open field trial of genetically modified parthenocarpic tomato: seedlessness and fruit quality. |
| PubMed:The effect of selected allelochemicals on germination of conidia and blastospores and mycelial growth of the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes). |
| PubMed:Identification of a tomatinase in the tomato-pathogenic actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382. |
| PubMed:Analysis of tomato glycoalkaloids by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Efficient synthesis of methyl lycotetraoside, the tetrasaccharide constituent of the tomato defence glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine. |
| PubMed:Influence of incorporated wild Solanum genomes on potato properties in terms of starch nanostructure and glycoalkaloid content. |
| PubMed:Tissue distribution of cholinesterases and anticholinesterases in native and transgenic tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Analysis of biologically active compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), and jimson weed (Datura stramonium) seeds. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic liberation of lycotetraose from the Solanum glycoalkaloid alpha-tomatine. |
| PubMed:Tomatidine and lycotetraose, hydrolysis products of alpha-tomatine by Fusarium oxysporum tomatinase, suppress induced defense responses in tomato cells. |
| PubMed:Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a fungal saponin-detoxifying enzyme. |
| PubMed:Immunobiology of the Tomatine adjuvant. |
| PubMed:The apoptotic and necrotic effects of tomatine adjuvant. |
| PubMed:Glycoalkaloids and metabolites inhibit the growth of human colon (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Dehydrotomatine and alpha-tomatine content in tomato fruits and vegetative plant tissues. |
| PubMed:Chemosensory tuning to a host recognition cue in the facultative specialist larvae of the moth Manduca sexta. |
| PubMed:The photolyase gene from the plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is induced by visible light and alpha-tomatine from tomato plant. |
| PubMed:Differential requirements for CTL generation by novel immunostimulants: APC tropism, use of the TAP-independent processing pathway, and dependency on CD80/CD86 costimulation. |
| PubMed:Hedgehog signalling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer. |
| PubMed:Effect of fusaric acid and phytoanticipins on growth of rhizobacteria and Fusarium oxysporum. |
| PubMed:Class V chitin synthase determines pathogenesis in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum and mediates resistance to plant defence compounds. |
| PubMed:Effect of feeding solanidine, solasodine and tomatidine to non-pregnant and pregnant mice. |
| PubMed:Tomato glycoalkaloids: role in the plant and in the diet. |
| PubMed:The ultrastructure of tomatine adjuvant. |
| PubMed:Utilization of Lactobacillus sp. for steroid glycoalkaloids degradation by lactic acid fermentation. |
| PubMed:Determination of glycoalkaloids and relative aglycones by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:A saponin-detoxifying enzyme mediates suppression of plant defences. |
| PubMed:Pantothenate synthetase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is induced by alpha-tomatine. |
| PubMed:Differential neurosensory responses of adult Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to glycoalkaloids. |
| PubMed:Common phytochemicals are ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists: a possible evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate steroid hormones. |
| PubMed:Potentiation by a novel alkaloid glycoside adjuvant of a protective cytotoxic T cell immune response specific for a preerythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate antigen. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of steroidal alkaloids on drug transport and multidrug resistance in human cancer cells. |
| PubMed:Release of intermediate reactive hydrogen peroxide by macrophage cells activated by natural products. |
| PubMed:Effects of targeted replacement of the tomatinase gene on the interaction of Septoria lycopersici with tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Quantification of glycoalkaloids in tomato plants by time-resolved fluorescence using a europium chelator entrapped in liposomes. |
| PubMed:Antioxidative activity and carotenoid and tomatine contents in different typologies of fresh consumption tomatoes. |
| PubMed:Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine. |
| PubMed:Induction of steroidal hydroxylase activity by plant defence compounds in the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus lunatus |
| PubMed:Substantial equivalence of antinutrients and inherent plant toxins in genetically modified novel foods. |
| PubMed:Comparison of commercial solid-phase extraction sorbents for the sample preparation of potato glycoalkaloids. |
| PubMed:Determination of solanidine- and tomatidine-type glycoalkaloid aglycons by gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic separation and simultaneous profiling of steroidal glycoalkaloids and their aglycones. |
| PubMed:Inheritance of morphological characters and glycoalkaloids in potatoes of somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum acauleand tetraploid Solanum tuberosum. |
| PubMed:Lack of correlation between surface and interfacial activities of saponins and their hemolytic properties. |
| PubMed:Tomatinase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici defines a new class of saponinases. |
| PubMed:Novel aggregate structure adjuvants modulate lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in ovalbumin immunized mice. |
| PubMed:Generation of antigen specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells following immunization with soluble protein formulated with novel glycoside adjuvants. |
| PubMed:The erg-3 (sterol delta14,15-reductase) gene of Neurospora crassa: generation of null mutants by repeat-induced point mutation and complementation by proteins chimeric for human lamin B receptor sequences. |
| PubMed:Stress factors acting at the level of the plasma membrane induce transcription via the stress response element (STRE) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of novel aggregate structures as adjuvants: composition, toxicity studies and humoral responses. |
| PubMed:Pancreas development is promoted by cyclopamine, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor. |
| PubMed:Teratogen-mediated inhibition of target tissue response to Shh signaling. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi growth in vitro by Solanum alkaloids: a comparison with ketoconazole. |
| PubMed:Heterologous expression of Septoria lycopersici tomatinase in Cladosporium fulvum: effects on compatible and incompatible interactions with tomato seedlings. |
| PubMed:The effect of some Solanum steroidal alkaloids and glycoalkaloids on larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. |
| PubMed:Detection of tomatinase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in infected tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Effect of alpha-tomatine and tomatidine on membrane potential of frog embryos and active transport of ions in frog skin. |
| PubMed:A cytotoxicity assay with Bindschedler's green leuco base. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of tomatinase from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. |
| PubMed:Effects of saponins and glycoalkaloids on the permeability and viability of mammalian intestinal cells and on the integrity of tissue preparations in vitro. |
| PubMed:Feeding of potato, tomato and eggplant alkaloids affects food consumption and body and liver weights in mice. |
| PubMed:Glycoalkaloids selectively permeabilize cholesterol containing biomembranes. |
| PubMed:Comparison of high- and low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry in the analysis of glycoalkaloids and their aglycons. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic glycosylation of tomatidine in tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Molecular basis of glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption. |
| PubMed:Fungal pathogens of oat roots and tomato leaves employ closely related enzymes to detoxify different host plant saponins. |
| PubMed:Purification and characterization of beta 2-tomatinase, an enzyme involved in the degradation of alpha-tomatine and isolation of the gene encoding beta 2-tomatinase from Septoria lycopersici. |
| PubMed:Production of monoclonal antibodies and development of an ELISA for solamargine. |
| PubMed:Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. |
| PubMed:High alpha-tomatine content in ripe fruit of Andean Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme: developmental and genetic aspects. |
| PubMed:Analysis of glycoalkaloids from potato shoots and tomatoes by four-sector tandem mass spectrometry with scanning-array detection: comparison of positive ion and negative ion methods. |
| PubMed:Determination of tomatine in foods by liquid chromatography after derivatization. |
| PubMed:Application of the chemiluminescent assay to cytotoxicity test: detection of menadione-catalyzed H2O2 production by viable cells. |
| PubMed:Dual specificity of sterol-mediated glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption. |
| PubMed:Ordered distribution of membrane-associated dense plaques in intact quail gizzard smooth muscle cells revealed by freeze-fracture following treatment with cholesterol probes. |
| PubMed:Role of steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine in host-plant resistance of tomato to colorado potato beetle. |
| PubMed:Comparison of solanaceous glycoalkaloids-evoked Ca(2+) influx in different types of cultured cells. |
| PubMed:Susceptibility ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) larvae toNomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson : Effects of α-tomatine at the third trophic level. |
| PubMed:Mechanisms of polar lobe formation in fertilized eggs of molluscs. |
| PubMed:Spirosolane-containing Solanum species and induction of congenital craniofacial malformations. |
| PubMed:Evidence that the glucose transporter serves as a water channel in J774 macrophages. |
| PubMed:Cytochemical localization of beta-lipoproteins and their components in successive stages of hyperlipidemic atherogenesis of rabbit aorta. |
| PubMed:Membrane segregation in atrioventricular nodal myocytes of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). A cytochemical study using filipin and tomatine. |
| PubMed:Sensitivity ofBeauveria bassiana to solanine and tomatine : Plant defensive chemicals inhibit an insect pathogen. |
| PubMed:Differential effect of tomatine and its alleviation by cholesterol on larval growth and efficiency of food utilization inHeliothis zea andSpodoptera exigua. |
| PubMed:α-Tomatine and resistance of tomato cultivars toward the nematode,Meloidogyne incognita. |
| PubMed:Host-plant acceptance by geographic populations of the colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata : Role of solanaceous alkaloids as sensory deterrents. |
| PubMed:Interactions of alkaloids with galeal chemosensory cells of colorado potato beetle. |
| PubMed:Prelesional events in atherogenesis. Colocalization of apolipoprotein B, unesterified cholesterol and extracellular phospholipid liposomes in the aorta of hyperlipidemic rabbit. |
| PubMed:Growth ofLeptinotarsa decemlineata larvae in response to simultaneous variation in protein and glycoalkaloid concentration. |
| PubMed:Influence of saponins on gut permeability and active nutrient transport in vitro. |
| PubMed:Caveolar bands and the effects of sterol-binding agents in vascular smooth muscle plasma membrane. Single and double labeling with filipin and tomatin in the aorta, pulmonary artery, and vena cava. |
| PubMed:Plasmalemmal vesicles and the effects of sterol-binding agents in rabbit aortic endothelium. |
| PubMed:Cellular basis for the species differences in sensitivity to cardiac glycosides (digitalis). |
| PubMed:Laser desorption/Fourier transform mass spectra of glycoalkaloids and steroid glycosides. |
| PubMed:Detoxification function of geophagy and domestication of the potato. |
| PubMed:The inactivation of herpes simplex virus by some Solanaceae glycoalkaloids. |
| PubMed:Freeze-fracture observations on mammalian oocytes. |
| PubMed:Cholesterol distribution in cells of the stria vascularis of the mammalian cochlea and some effects of ototoxic diuretics. |
| PubMed:Steroidal glycoalkaloid content of potato, tomato and their somatic hybrids. |
| PubMed:Bioconversion of steroid glycosides by Nocardia restricta. |
| PubMed:Freeze-fracture cytochemistry of sympathetic ganglia. Distribution of filipin and tomatin induced membrane deformations in neurons and satellite cells. |
| PubMed:Homeostasis of mucosal cholesterol in the small intestine of the rat. |
| PubMed:Chemosensitivity of lobster,Homarus americanus, to secondary plant compounds: Unused receptor capabilities. |
| PubMed:A new microbial degradation pathway of steroid alkaloids. |
| PubMed:Failure of filipin to detect cholesterol-rich domains in smooth muscle plasma membrane. |
| PubMed:Molluscicidal steroid glycoalkaloids possessing stereoisomeric spirosolane structures. |
| PubMed:Transformation of tomatidine by Gymnoascus reesii. |
| PubMed:Alleviation of α-tomatine-induced toxicity to the parasitoid,Hyposoter exiguae, by phytosterols in the diet of the host,Heliothis zea. |
| PubMed:Sterol-deficient domains correlate with intramembrane particle arrays in the plasma membrane of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. |
| PubMed:Growth inhibitors in tomato (Lycopersicon) to tomato fruitworm (Heliothis zea). |
| PubMed:Naturally occurring toxic alkaloids in foods. |
| PubMed:Microbial conjugation of tomatine. |
| PubMed:Is cholesterol the receptor for polyene antibiotic-induced B-lymphocyte activation. |
| PubMed:Toxic effect of the glycoalkaloids solanine and tomatine on cultured neonatal rat heart cells. |
| PubMed:[Determination of blood serum cholesterol esters with the use of tomatine in chronic liver diseases]. |
| PubMed:Membrane sterol heterogeneity. Freeze-fracture detection with saponins and filipin. |
| PubMed:Tomatine and parasitic wasps: potential incompatibility of plant antibiosis with biological control. |
| PubMed:The toxicity of alpha-tomatine to Tetrahymena pyriformis. |
| PubMed:Microbial dehydrogenation of steroid alkaloids with tertiary amino groups. |
| PubMed:Epimerisation of 3beta-ol to 3alpha-ol steroid alkaloids by Nocardia restrictus. |
| PubMed:Positive inotropic action of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids. |
| PubMed:High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroidal alkaloids. |
| PubMed:Pharmacology and toxicology of chaconine and tomatine. |
| PubMed:Microbial cleavage of the tomatidine spiroketal sidechain. |
| PubMed:Separation of potato glycoalkaloids by gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Microbial degradation of steroid alkaloids. Effect of nitrogen atom in the side-chain on the microbial degradation of steroid alkaloids. |
| PubMed:On the mechanism of saponin hemolysis. II. Inhibition of hemolysis by aldonolactones. |
| PubMed:Toxins and teratogens of higher plants. |
| PubMed:Microbial dehydrogenation of tomatidine. |
| PubMed:Effect of dietary tomatine on cholesterol metabolism in the rat. |
| PubMed:Effects of the steroidal alkaloid tomatine in auxin bioassays and its interaction with indole-3-acetic acid. |
| PubMed:The antibacterial effect of dry tomato plants, onion peels, and guava leaves on soil microorganisms. |
| PubMed:Antibacterial substances in dry residues of certain higher Egyptian plants. |
| PubMed:Colorimetric determination of tomatine in tomato plants. |
| PubMed:Isolation and some pharmacological properties of two biologically active substances of crown gall infected tomato plants. II. Studies on the antihistamine-like effects of tomatine and gomatine. |
| PubMed:Isolation and some pharmacological properties of two biologically active substances of crown gall infected tomato plants. I. Isolation of the active substances: tomatine and gomatine. |
| PubMed:Anti-inflammatory activity of the steroid alkaloid glycoside, toatine. |
| PubMed:Purification and properties of a fungal beta-glucosidase acting on alpha-tomatine. |
| PubMed:Studies on the mode of action of tomatine as a fungitoxic agent. |
| PubMed:[Contribution to the study of tomatine. IV. Determination of tomatine]. |
| PubMed:[Research on certain natural antihistaminic activities]. |
| PubMed:[Contribution to the study of tomatine. 3. Study of the antibiotic and antifungal activity in vitro]. |
| PubMed:[Contribution to the study of tomatine]. |
| PubMed:Effects of tomatine on the colorimetric determination of cholesterol by the Zak procedure. |
| PubMed:[Kinetic study of the inhibition of horse serum cholinesterase by certain steroid alkaloids of Solanum]. |
| PubMed:[Synthesis of the veratrum alkaloids verazin from tomatid-5-en-3-beta-ol]. |
| PubMed:[The effect of some triterpenes and saponins on fungi]. |
| PubMed:[Solanum alkaloids. LIV. Synthesis of solanidine and 22-iso-solanidine from tomatid-5-ene-3-beta-ol]. |
| PubMed:Crown Gall and Tomatine. |
| PubMed:HISTAMINE PROTECTION PRODUCED BY PLANT TUMOUR EXTRACTS. THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF TOMATO PLANTS INFECTED WITH GROWN-GALL. |
| PubMed:ISOLATION OF AN ANTIHISTAMINIC PRINCIPLE RESEMBLING TOMATINE FROM CROWN GALL TUMORS. |
| PubMed:Some pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of tomatine and its derivatives. |
| PubMed:Isolation and partial characterization of crystalline tomatine, an antibiotic agent from the tomato plant. |
| PubMed:In vitro antibiotic activity of crystalline tomatine toward Candida albicans; antagonistic effect of rutin and quercetin. |
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an alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. it has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. it is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (from the merck index, 11th ed) Tomatine is a mildly toxic glycoalkaloid or glycospirosolane (steroidal alkaloids whose structure contains a spirosolane skeleton) found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants as well as in the fruit of unripened (green) tomatoes (up to 500 mg/kg). Red, ripe tomatoes have somewhat reduced amounts of tomatine. A toxic dose of tomatine for an adult human would appear to require the consumption of at least 500 g of tomato leaves in one sitting (“Toxic Plants of North America” (Iowa State University Press, 2001)). Tomatine is known to have fungicidal and antimicrobial properties and is likely produced by tomato plants as a defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects (PMID: 19514731). Some microbes produce an enzyme called tomatinase which can degrade tomatine, rendering it ineffective as an antimicrobial (PMID: 18835993).Tomatine has historically been used as a reagent in analytical chemistry for precipitating cholesterol from solution (PMID: 4362143). When lab animals ingest tomatine, essentially all of it passes through the animal unabsorbed. Tomatine apparently binds to cholesterol in the digestive tract, and the largely insoluble combination is excreted — ridding the body of both the alkaloid and cholesterol. Experiments with hamsters have shown that both tomatine-rich green tomatoes and purified tomatine can substantially lower the levels of undesirable LDL cholesterol while maintaining normal levels of HDL (PMID: 10942315). Experiments with high-tomatine green tomato extracts were recently shown to strongly inhibit the growth of a number of human cancer cell lines including breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), gastric (AGS), and hepatoma (liver) (HepG2), as well as normal human liver cells (PMID: 19514731). Other studies have found that purified tomatine is an outstanding immunoadjuvant capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that contribute to protection against malaria, Francisella tularensis and regression of experimental tumors (PMID: 15193398).
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3D/inchi