EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

citicoline
choline, ester with cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 987-78-0Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):1477-47-0
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:213-580-7
FDA UNII: 536BQ2JVC7
Beilstein Number:4170138
XlogP3:-4.00 (est)
Molecular Weight:488.32794400
Formula:C14 H26 N4 O11 P2
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -7.070 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
citicoline 95%
Indenta Group
Citicoline
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intramuscular-mouse LD50 4472 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 5393 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

intravenous-mouse LD50 4150 mg/kg
Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 531, 1995.

oral-mouse LD50 27142 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

intravenous-rabbit LD50 1950 mg/kg
Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 322, 1982.

intramuscular-rat LD50 3750 mg/kg
Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 531, 1995.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 5344 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

intravenous-rat LD50 2973 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

oral-rat LD50 18501 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 6485 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 8218 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 20, Pg. 109, 1980.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for citicoline usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for citicoline flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the safety of “citicoline” as a Novel Food ingredient
View page or View pdf

Response to comments on the Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on the scientific substantiation of health claims related to cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine and maintenance of normal vision pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
View page or View pdf

Dietary Reference Values for choline
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :13804
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
Chemidplus:0000987780
 
References:
 [[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):13804
Pubchem (sid):134978964
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00307
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB01413
FooDB:FDB022608
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00090
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
 CDP-choline
 choline 5'-cytidine diphosphate
 choline cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate ester
 choline cytidine diphosphate
 choline, ester with cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate
 citicholine
 cytidine 5'-(choline diphosphate)
 cytidine 5'-(cholinyl pyrophosphate)
 cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine
 cytidine 5'-diphosphoric choline
 cytidine diphosphate cholin ester
 cytidine, 5'-O-[(S)-hydroxy[[hydroxy[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinyl]oxy]phosphinyl]-, inner salt
 cytidine, 5'-O-[hydroxy[[hydroxy[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinyl]oxy]phosphinyl]-, inner salt
 cytidine, 5'-pyrophosphate, ester with choline
5'-O-[hydroxy({[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinato}oxy)phosphoryl]cytidine
5'-O-[(S)-hydroxy({[2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy]phosphinato}oxy)phosphoryl]cytidine
 

Articles:

PubMed:The Effects of Citicoline on Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of citicoline in in vitro models of retinal neurodegeneration.
PubMed:Citicoline Protects Brain Against Closed Head Injury in Rats Through Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Calpain Over-Activation.
PubMed:Effectiveness of the addition of citicoline to patching in the treatment of amblyopia around visual maturity: a randomized controlled trial.
PubMed:Investigation of the dose-dependency of citicoline effects on nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury.
PubMed:Neuroprotective properties of citicoline: facts, doubts and unresolved issues.
PubMed:Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in a boy with fibrous boney dysplasia.
PubMed:In vivo theranostics at the peri-infarct region in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomized, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial) is the use of Citicoline is beneficial for acute ischaemic stroke?
PubMed:Citicoline (CDP-choline) protects myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition.
PubMed:Hypoxia/Aglycemia-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and tight junction protein downregulation can be ameliorated by citicoline.
PubMed:Preclinical evidence for the antihyperalgesic activity of CDP-choline in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
PubMed:[Citicoline as component of the therapy of postoperative delirium in neurosurgical patients].
PubMed:Delayed-onset encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning: Resolution in a patient treated with citicoline.
PubMed:[Effect of an intervention about prescribing citicoline on primary care physicians].
PubMed:Potential efficacy of citicoline as adjunct therapy in treatment of cerebral malaria.
PubMed:Role of central arginine vasopressin receptors in the analgesic effect of CDP-choline on acute and neuropathic pain.
PubMed:Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of citicoline and piracetam in tablet dosage form.
PubMed:Development and Validation of Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Citicoline Sodium in Bulk and Dosage Form.
PubMed:Edaravone - citicoline comparative study in acute ischemic stroke (ECCS-AIS).
PubMed:Citicoline oral solution in glaucoma: is there a role in slowing disease progression?
PubMed:Citicoline (CDP-choline) increases Sirtuin1 expression concomitant to neuroprotection in experimental stroke.
PubMed:Most effective adjuvant treatments after surgery in peripheral nerve laceration: Systematic review of the literature on rodent models.
PubMed:Long-term treatment with citicoline may improve poststroke vascular cognitive impairment.
PubMed:Effectiveness and safety of citicoline in mild vascular cognitive impairment: the IDEALE study.
PubMed:Citicoline in stroke and TBI clinical trials.
PubMed:[The role of neuroprotection in complex rehabilitation of patients with ischemic stroke].
PubMed:Choline-containing phospholipids: relevance to brain functional pathways.
PubMed:Citicoline induces angiogenesis improving survival of vascular/human brain microvessel endothelial cells through pathways involving ERK1/2 and insulin receptor substrate-1.
PubMed:Effect of citicoline on functional and cognitive status among patients with traumatic brain injury: Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT).
PubMed:Naâº-Kâº-ATPase, a potent neuroprotective modulator against Alzheimer disease.
PubMed:Prevention of epidural fibrosis in rats by local or systemic administration of citicoline.
PubMed:[Markers of Fas-mediated apoptosis in primary open-angle glaucoma and opportunities of their pharmacological correction].
PubMed:ACP Journal Club. Citicoline did not improve recovery at 90 days after moderate-to-severe acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline for bipolar and unipolar depression and methamphetamine dependence.
PubMed:A rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantitation of choline, an active metabolite of citicoline: Application to in vivo pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study in Indian healthy male volunteers.
PubMed:Stroke: Treatment for acute stroke--the end of the citicoline saga.
PubMed:Citicoline in pre-clinical animal models of stroke: a meta-analysis shows the optimal neuroprotective profile and the missing steps for jumping into a stroke clinical trial.
PubMed:[Platelet hyperreactivity and antiaggregatory properties of nootropic drugs under conditions of alloxan-induced diabetes in rats].
PubMed:How effective is citicoline for acute ischaemic stroke?
PubMed:Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial).
PubMed:[Influence of neuroprotectors with choline-positive action on the level of brain-injury markers during acute ischemic stroke].
PubMed:[Neuroprotective treatment with citicoline (ceraxon) in patients with ischemic stroke].
PubMed:Retrospective and observational study to assess the efficacy of citicoline in elderly patients suffering from stupor related to complex geriatric syndrome.
PubMed:Citicoline enhances neuroregenerative processes after experimental stroke in rats.
PubMed:Improvements in quantitative EEG following consumption of a natural citicoline-enhanced beverage.
PubMed:Efficacy of cytidine-5'-diphosp-bocholine combined with compound anisodine in the treatment of early optic nerve contusion.
PubMed:Death is associated with complement C3 depletion in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with pneumococcal meningitis.
PubMed:Morphometric analyses of retinal sections.
PubMed:[X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis associated to epilepsy, hyperactivity, autism and mental retardation, due to the Xp22.31 microdeletion].
PubMed:Probably role of citicoline in stroke rehabilitation: review of the literature.
PubMed:[The effect of parenteral citicoline on visual functions and life quality of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma].
PubMed:Greatly improved neuroprotective efficiency of citicoline by stereotactic delivery in treatment of ischemic injury.
PubMed:The antihyperalgesic effect of cytidine-5'-diphosphate-choline in neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
PubMed:Effects of daily treatment with citicoline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in cocaine-dependent volunteers.
PubMed:CDP-choline as a biological supplement during neurorecovery: a focused review.
PubMed:CDP-choline treatment increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:Stroke management.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of citidine-5-diphosphocholine on impaired spatial memory in a rat model of cerebrovascular dementia.
PubMed:Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2010 update.
PubMed:Eight weeks of citicoline treatment does not perturb sleep/wake cycles in cocaine-dependent adults.
PubMed:Prenatal alcohol exposure triggers ceramide-induced apoptosis in neural crest-derived tissues concurrent with defective cranial development.
PubMed:Simple diffusion delivery via brain interstitial route for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:[Comparison of efficacy of different neurometabolic and vasoactive medicines in ischemic stroke patients's rehabilitation].
PubMed:[Ceraxon (citicoline) in the treatment of the mild cognitive impairment syndrome].
PubMed:Serial MRI study of the enhanced therapeutic effects of liposome-encapsulated citicoline in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Neuroprotection and recovery: recent data at the bench on citicoline.
PubMed:Citicoline in vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia after stroke.
PubMed:Citicoline preclinical and clinical update 2009-2010.
PubMed:New approaches to neuroprotective drug development.
PubMed:The efficacy of citroline in the treatment of ischemic stroke and primary hypertensive intracereral hemorrhage; a review article.
PubMed:Citicoline, use in cognitive decline: vascular and degenerative.
PubMed:Citicoline for acute ischemic stroke in Mexican hospitals: a retrospective postmarketing analysis.
PubMed:Effect of neurotrophic factors on neuronal apoptosis and neurite regeneration in cultured rat retinas exposed to high glucose.
PubMed:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on serum S100B protein and interleukin-6 levels after traumatic brain injury in the rat.
PubMed:Citicoline and postconditioning provides neuroprotection in a rat model of ischemic spinal cord injury.
PubMed:The protective effects of propofol and citicoline combination in experimental head injury in rats.
PubMed:Effects of citicoline used alone and in combination with mild hypothermia on apoptosis induced by focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
PubMed:Boosting the chances to improve stroke treatment.
PubMed:Single- and repeated-dose oral toxicity studies of citicoline free-base (choline cytidine 5'-pyrophosphate) in Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:The citicoline brain injury treatment (COBRIT) trial: design and methods.
PubMed:Efficacy and safety of oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: drug surveillance study in 4,191 cases.
PubMed:Citicoline protects against cognitive impairment in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
PubMed:Citicoline (CDP-choline): What role in the treatment of complications of infectious diseases.
PubMed:Integrated brain restoration after ischemic stroke--medical management, risk factors, nutrients, and other interventions for managing inflammation and enhancing brain plasticity.
PubMed:Cerebral protection, brain repair, plasticity and cell therapy in ischemic stroke.
PubMed:Efficacy of citicoline as an acute stroke treatment.
PubMed:Citicoline affects appetite and cortico-limbic responses to images of high-calorie foods.
PubMed:Citicoline: update on a promising and widely available agent for neuroprotection and neurorepair.
PubMed:[The use of citicoline in the acute cerebral stroke].
PubMed:Multifunctional actions of approved and candidate stroke drugs.
PubMed:Evidence of the neuroprotective role of citicoline in glaucoma patients.
PubMed:[Clinical effect of ligustrazine combined with citicoline for treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy].
PubMed:Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:CDP-choline (citicoline) attenuates brain damage in a rat model of birth asphyxia.
PubMed:Evaluation of a sequential global test of improved recovery following stroke as applied to the ICTUS trial of citicoline.
PubMed:CDP-choline protects motor neurons against apoptotic changes in a model of chronic glutamate excitotoxicity in vitro.
PubMed:Current management of the cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: how far have we come?
PubMed:CDP-choline prevents cardiac arrhythmias and lethality induced by short-term myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat: involvement of central muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms.
PubMed:Efficiency of citicoline in increasing muscular strength of patients with nontraumatic cerebral hemorrhage: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.
PubMed:Citicoline. Monograph.
PubMed:Cost-effectiveness of citicoline versus conventional treatment in acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (Citicoline): a pilot study in patients with non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy.
PubMed:Stroke management.
PubMed:Citicoline reduces upregulated clusterin following kainic acid injection in the rat retina.
PubMed:Citicoline improves functional recovery, promotes nerve regeneration, and reduces postoperative scarring after peripheral nerve surgery in rats.
PubMed:Citicoline (Cognizin) in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
PubMed:[Study of catalpol promoting axonal growth for cultured cortical neurons from rats].
PubMed:Thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: future directions.
PubMed:A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citicoline add-on therapy in outpatients with bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence.
PubMed:[Clinical treatment of apoplectic aphemia with multi-needle puncture of scalp-points in combination with visual-listening-speech training].
PubMed:CDP-choline reduces dopaminergic cell loss induced by MPP(+) and glutamate in primary mesencephalic cell culture.
PubMed:Possible involvement of supraspinal opioid and GABA receptors in CDP-choline-induced antinociception in acute pain models in rats.
PubMed:Validation of an acute ischemic stroke model: does diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume offer a clinically significant improvement in prediction of outcome?
PubMed:Citicoline: pharmacological and clinical review, 2006 update.
PubMed:Citicoline is not protective in experimental models of Huntington's disease.
PubMed:The antinociceptive effects of centrally administered CDP-choline on acute pain models in rats: the involvement of cholinergic system.
PubMed:Citicoline and lithium rescue retinal ganglion cells following partial optic nerve crush in the rat.
PubMed:Effect of combined therapy with thrombolysis and citicoline in a rat model of embolic stroke.
PubMed:Evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of citicoline after experimental spinal cord injury: improved behavioral and neuroanatomical recovery.
PubMed:Citicoline--the first effective neuroprotectant to be combined with thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke?
PubMed:Medical treatment of amblyopia: present state and perspectives.
PubMed:Action of citicoline on rat retinal expression of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2).
PubMed:Other neuroprotective therapies on trial in acute stroke.
PubMed:Thrombolysis and neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Radioprotective effect of transferrin targeted citicoline liposomes.
PubMed:[Effect of citicoline on spatial learning and memory of rats after focal cerebral ischemia].
PubMed:Citicoline in intracerebral haemorrhage: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pilot study.
PubMed:New goals in ischemic stroke therapy: the experimental approach--harmonizing science with practice.
PubMed:Challenges of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke treatment.
PubMed:Citicoline inhibits MAP kinase signalling pathways after focal cerebral ischaemia.
PubMed:Effects of citicoline on experimental spinal cord injury.
PubMed:Electrophysiological assessment of glaucomatous visual dysfunction during treatment with cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline): a study of 8 years of follow-up.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of citicoline on retinal cell damage induced by kainic acid in rats.
PubMed:[Curative effect of soybean lecithin on cerebral infarction].
PubMed:Effects of simvastatin on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA in neonatal brain with hypoxic-ischemic damage.
PubMed:CDP-choline liposomes provide significant reduction in infarction over free CDP-choline in stroke.
PubMed:Effect of Xuesaitong soft capsule on hemorrheology and in auxiliarily treating patients with acute cerebral infarction.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of citicoline against KA-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina.
PubMed:[A case of interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning with a remarkable recovery].
PubMed:Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:Neuroprotection afforded by prior citicoline administration in experimental brain ischemia: effects on glutamate transport.
PubMed:Alzheimer's disease therapy - an update.
PubMed:Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine affects CTP-phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and lyso-phosphatidylcholine after transient brain ischemia.
PubMed:Therapeutic applications of citicoline for stroke and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: a review of the literature.
PubMed:The effects of citicoline and lamotrigine alone and in combination following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
PubMed:"Brain-specific" nutrients: a memory cure?
PubMed:Phospholipase A2, hydroxyl radicals, and lipid peroxidation in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Potential Role of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of citicoline in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:Potential Role of Neuroprotective Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.
PubMed:Citicoline decreases phospholipase A2 stimulation and hydroxyl radical generation in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Long-term citicoline (cytidine diphosphate choline) use in patients with vascular dementia: neuroimaging and neuropsychological outcomes.
PubMed:Combined nimodipine and citicoline reduce infarct size, attenuate apoptosis and increase bcl-2 expression after focal cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Oral citicoline treatment improves visual pathway function in glaucoma.
PubMed:Oral citicoline in acute ischemic stroke: an individual patient data pooling analysis of clinical trials.
PubMed:The cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular dementia: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies.
PubMed:Citicoline increases glutathione redox ratio and reduces caspase-3 activation and cell death in staurosporine-treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:Citicoline has a protective effect on damaged retinal ganglion cells in mouse culture retina.
PubMed:[Reaction times during citicoline treatment].
PubMed:[Treatment of mild cognitive impairment: value of citicoline].
PubMed:Membrane stabilizer: citicoline.
PubMed:Citicoline mechanisms and clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:Citicoline treatment increases retinal dopamine content in rabbits.
PubMed:Antidepressant-like effects of cytidine in the forced swim test in rats.
PubMed:Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
PubMed:CDP-choline reduces pro-caspase and cleaved caspase-3 expression, nuclear DNA fragmentation, and specific PARP-cleaved products of caspase activation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat.
PubMed:Citicoline. Ferrer Internacional.
PubMed:Citicoline: neuroprotective mechanisms in cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:[Use of procholinergics in the prevention of postoperative delirium in hip fracture surgery in the elderly. A randomized controlled trial].
PubMed:Pharmacodynamics of citicoline relevant to the treatment of glaucoma.
PubMed:Ischemic brain injury caused by interrupted versus uninterrupted occlusion in hypotensive rats with subarachnoid hemorrhage: neuroprotective effects of citicoline.
PubMed:CDP-choline, but not cytidine, protects hippocampal CA1 neurones in the gerbil following transient forebrain ischaemia.
PubMed:Application of 4-hydroxyantipyrine and acetaminophen O-sulfate as biodistribution promoter.
PubMed:A phase III randomized efficacy trial of 2000 mg citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients.
PubMed:The effects of citicoline and/or MK-801 on survival, neurological and behavioral outcome of mice exposed to transient hyperglycemia and oligemic hypoxia.
PubMed:Effects of short-term citicoline treatment on acute cocaine intoxication and cardiovascular effects.
PubMed:Effects of citicoline on phospholipid and glutathione levels in transient cerebral ischemia.
PubMed:[Neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Practicability of guidelines for treatment].
PubMed:Current status and perspectives of neuroprotection in ischemic stroke treatment.
PubMed:The protective effect of citicoline on the progression of the perimetric defects in glaucomatous patients (perimetric study with a 10-year follow-up).
PubMed:Pharmacotherapies for cocaine dependence.
PubMed:Lipid alterations in transient forebrain ischemia: possible new mechanisms of CDP-choline neuroprotection.
PubMed:Effect of citicoline on ischemic lesions as measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Citicoline 010 Investigators.
PubMed:Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans.
PubMed:The role of drug treatment in children with strabismus and amblyopia.
PubMed:[The current state of citicholine in cerebral ischemia].
PubMed:Cytidinediphosphocholine (CDP choline) for cognitive and behavioural disturbances associated with chronic cerebral disorders in the elderly.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of citicoline on brain edema and blood-brain barrier breakdown after traumatic brain injury.
PubMed:Evaluating the efficacy of citicoline in embolic ischemic stroke in rats: neuroprotective effects when used alone or in combination with urokinase.
PubMed:Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer's disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion.
PubMed:[New treatments in cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:[Neuroprotective agents].
PubMed:Citicoline protects hippocampal neurons against apoptosis induced by brain beta-amyloid deposits plus cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.
PubMed:A randomized efficacy trial of citicoline in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
PubMed:Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke. Current status and future potential.
PubMed:Effects of citicoline combined with thrombolytic therapy in a rat embolic stroke model.
PubMed:Cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (citicoline) improves retinal and cortical responses in patients with glaucoma.
PubMed:Citicoline for traumatic brain injury: report of two cases, including my own.
PubMed:Short-term treatment with citicoline (CDP-choline) attenuates some measures of craving in cocaine-dependent subjects: a preliminary report.
PubMed:Synergistic effects of a combination of low-dose basic fibroblast growth factor and citicoline after temporary experimental focal ischemia.
PubMed:Citicoline treatment for experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.
PubMed:Facilitatory effects of chronically administered citicoline on learning and memory processes in the dog.
PubMed:A randomized dose-response trial of citicoline in acute ischemic stroke patients. Citicoline Stroke Study Group.
PubMed:Synergistic effects of citicoline and MK-801 in temporary experimental focal ischemia in rats.
PubMed:Citicoline improves memory performance in elderly subjects.
PubMed:Citicoline for treatment of experimental focal ischemia: histologic and behavioral outcome.
PubMed:The effects of prolonged treatment with citicoline in temporary experimental focal ischemia.
PubMed:Citicoline improves verbal memory in aging.
PubMed:CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review.
PubMed:Posatirelin for the treatment of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a double-blind multicentre study vs citicoline and ascorbic acid.
PubMed:Citicoline (CDP-choline): mechanisms of action and effects in ischemic brain injury.
PubMed:Effect of citicoline on visual acuity in amblyopia: preliminary results.
PubMed:Metabolism and actions of CDP-choline as an endogenous compound and administered exogenously as citicoline.
PubMed:Liposomes as in-vivo carriers for citicoline: effects on rat cerebral post-ischaemic reperfusion.
PubMed:[Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment for severe intractable head injury].
PubMed:[An open study on the clinical efficacy of citicoline in patients with chronic cerebral vasculopathy].
PubMed:A comparative study of free plasma choline levels following intramuscular administration of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine and citicoline in normal volunteers.
PubMed:Increase of survival time in experimental hypoxia by cytidine diphosphate choline.
PubMed:Liposomes as a potential drug carrier for citicoline (CDP-choline) and the effect of formulation conditions on encapsulation efficiency.
PubMed:[Citicoline in the treatment of cognitive and behavioral disorders in pathologic senile decline].
PubMed:Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
PubMed:Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
PubMed:[Effect of CDP-choline on senile mental deterioration. Multicenter experience on 237 cases].
PubMed:Stimulatory effect of some therapeutic drugs used for improving cerebral insufficiency on gastric acid secretion in rats.
PubMed:Ischemia-induced changes in brain levels of monoamines and their metabolites of mice and rats: some protective effects of naftidrofuryl.
PubMed:Therapeutic value of citicoline in the treatment of glaucoma (computerized and automated perimetric investigation).
PubMed:[Use of citicoline in the study of chronic cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:[Pathological aging of the brain. Personal observations on the use of citicoline].
PubMed:[Neuropsychological study of the senile brain during and after single and combined treatment with deanol and citicoline].
PubMed:[Use of citicoline in high dosages in acute cerebrovascular disease].
PubMed:[Evaluation of the effects of citicoline in chronic cerebrovascular diseases].
PubMed:[Agentss to improve cerebrovascular circulation and cerebral metabolism--citicoline].
PubMed:'Cerebroactive' drugs. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role in cerebrovascular disorders.
PubMed:[Citicoline activity in senile mental decay].
PubMed:Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline. Drug surveillance study in 2817 cases.
PubMed:Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline.
PubMed:CDP-choline: repeated oral dose tolerance studies in adult healthy volunteers.
PubMed:High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain and cerebellum 10 days after radiolabelled CDP-choline administration.
PubMed:High-resolution autoradiography in mouse brain 24 h after radiolabelled CDP-choline administration.
PubMed:Low-resolution autoradiography in rat brain after administering labelled CDP-choline.
PubMed:Radioactivity incorporation into different cerebral phospholipids after oral administration of 14C methyl CDP-choline.
PubMed:Bioavailability of methyl-14C CDP-choline by oral route.
PubMed:Action of CDP-choline by intraduodenal route on rat cardiorespiratory system.
PubMed:CDP-choline: 6-month study on toxicity in dogs.
PubMed:Study of subacute toxicity of CDP-choline after 30 days of oral administration to rats.
PubMed:CDP-choline: acute toxicity study.
PubMed:Effect of oral CDP-choline on acrylamide-induced lesion.
PubMed:Pharmacological study of oral CDP-choline. Interaction with oxotremorine on the parasympathetic system.
PubMed:Study on the protection of CDP-choline against nicotine intoxication.
PubMed:Pharmacological study of CDP-choline. Protection against toxicity in a model of experimental hypoxia.
PubMed:Effect of oral CDP-choline on experimental withdrawal syndrome.
PubMed:Dissimilar effects in acute toxicity studies of CDP-choline and choline.
PubMed:Study of the effects of oral administration of CDP-choline on EEG changes and lethality induced by epidural compression in the anaesthetised cat.
PubMed:Cytidine diphosphate choline (citicoline, Somazina).
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of 14C CDP-choline.
PubMed:Cerebral subcellular distribution of CDP-choline and/or its metabolites after oral administration of methyl-14C CDP-choline.
PubMed:[Protective effect of citicoline on renal ischemia].
PubMed:[Alveolar surfactant and experimental diabetes (protective action of citicoline)].
PubMed:[Relation between citicoline and pulmonary surfactant. Recent acquisitions in the treatment of respiratory syndromes of the newborn].
PubMed:Effects of various cerebral metabolic activators on glucose metabolism of brain.
 
Notes:
donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. Citicoline is an essential intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of structural phospholipids in cell membranes, particularly phosphatidylcholine. Once absorbed, citicoline is widely distributed throughout the body, crosses the blood-brain barrier and reaches the central nervous system (CNS), where it is incorporated into the membrane and microsomal phospholipid fraction. Citicoline activates biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of neuronal membranes, increases brain metabolism, and acts upon the levels of different neurotransmitters. Thus, citicoline has been experimentally shown to increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the CNS. Owing to these pharmacological mechanisms, citicoline has a neuroprotective effect in hypoxic and ischemic conditions, decreasing the volume of ischemic lesion, and also improves learning and memory performance in animal models of brain aging. In addition, citicoline has been shown to restore the activity of mitochondrial ATPase and membrane Na+/K+ATPase, to inhibit activation of certain phospholipases, and to accelerate reabsorption of cerebral edema in various experimental models. Citicoline has also been shown to be able to inhibit mechanisms of apoptosis associated to cerebral ischemia and in certain neurodegeneration models, and to potentiate neuroplasticity mechanisms. Citicoline is a safe drug, as shown by the toxicological tests conducted, that has no significant systemic cholinergic effects and is a well tolerated product. (PMID: 17171187) [HMDB]
Please share your Comments.
Email Address:
Top of Page Home
Copyright © 1980-2021 The Good Scents Company (tgsc) ™ Disclaimer Privacy Policy