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(-)-bilobalide
4H,5aH,9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione, 9-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-10,10a-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-,(3aS,5aR,8R,8aS,9R,10aS)-

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 33570-04-6Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: M81D2O8H7U
MDL:MFCD00238547
XlogP3-AA:-0.30 (est)
Molecular Weight:326.30206000
Formula:C15 H18 O8
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 651.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 478.00 °F. TCC ( 247.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.450 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 9.558e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Bilobalide 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Bilobalide >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Bilobalide is a biologically active terpenic trilactone present in Ginkgo biloba.
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
(-)-Bilobalide (HPLC) ≥99%
Nacalai USA
For experimental / research use only.
(-)-Bilobalide
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
(-)-Bilobalide ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
(-)-Bilobalide from Ginkgo biloba leaves ≥93% (HPLC)
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for (-)-bilobalide usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for (-)-bilobalide flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :12308750
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
Chemidplus:0033570046
 
References:
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):12308750
Pubchem (sid):135031125
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C07605
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB36735
FooDB:FDB015672
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:Read Report
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 ginkgo biloba
Search Trop Picture
 ginkgo biloba leaf
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
(3aS,8R,8aS,9R,10aS)-9-tert-butyl-8,9-dihydroxydihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione
(5aR,8R,8aS,9R,10aS)-9-tert-butyl-8,9-dihydroxydihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione
(1S,8S,12S,5R,14R)-14-(tert-butyl)-2,14-dihydroxy-4,6,11-trioxatetracyclo[6.6.0.0<1,5>.0<8,12>]tetradecane-3,7,10-trione
(3aS,5aR,8aS,9R,10aS)-8,9-dihydroxy-9-(2-methyl-2-propanyl)dihydro-9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione
4H,5aH,9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione, 9-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-10,10a-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-,(3aS,5aR,8R,8aS,9R,10aS)-
4H,5aH,9H-furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':2,3]cyclopenta[1,2-c]furan-2,4,7(3H,8H)-trione, 9-(1,1-dimethylethyl)dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-, (3aS,5aR,8aS,9R,10aS)-
 

Articles:

PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide on cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury are associated with inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator production and down-regulation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation.
PubMed:The binding characteristics and orientation of a novel radioligand with distinct properties at 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB receptors.
PubMed:Effects of food and gender on the pharmacokinetics of ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide in rats after oral dosing with ginkgo terpene lactones extract.
PubMed:Comparative investigation of in vitro biotransformation of 14 components in Ginkgo biloba extract in normal, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy rat intestinal bacteria matrix.
PubMed:Bilobalide attenuates hypoxia induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via its antioxidant potential.
PubMed:Interactions of pharmacokinetic profile of different parts from Ginkgo biloba extract in rats.
PubMed:Bilobalide induces neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells via activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of phytochemicals on metabolic capabilities of CYP2D6(*)1 and CYP2D6(*)10 using cell-based models in vitro.
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of the flavonoid glycosides and terpene trilactones in the extract of Ginkgo biloba and evaluation of their inhibitory activity towards fibril formation of β-amyloid peptide.
PubMed:Development of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of bilobalide in rat plasma with special consideration of ex vivo bilobalide stability: application to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study.
PubMed:Phytochemical and medicinal importance of Ginkgo biloba L.
PubMed:Hepatoprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on lantadenes-induced hepatotoxicity in guinea pigs.
PubMed:[Microfluidic evaporative light scattering detector coupled with capillary liquid chromatography and its application to Ginkgo biloba extract analysis].
PubMed:Urinary excretion of ginkgolide terpene lactones following acute consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract.
PubMed:Influence of the mixture of Epimedii Herba and Ginkgo Folium extracts on the coronary flow of isolated hearts in rats.
PubMed:[Study on effect of weinaokang and bilobalide on autophagy and neurogenesis induced by focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion].
PubMed:Neuroprotection by bilobalide in ischemia: improvement of mitochondrial function.
PubMed:Neurodegeneration after transient brain ischemia in aged mice: beneficial effects of bilobalide.
PubMed:Bilobalide, a unique constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits inflammatory pain in rats.
PubMed:Protective effect of bilobalide on learning and memory impairment in rats with vascular dementia.
PubMed:Protective effects of bilobalide on Aβ(25-35) induced learning and memory impairments in male rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract as an activator of human glucocorticoid receptor.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide on anxiety, spatial learning, memory and levels of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in male Kunming mice.
PubMed:Effects of the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on neuroplasticity.
PubMed:Mitochondrial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract.
PubMed:Complete 1H NMR spectral analysis of ten chemical markers of Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Design of countercurrent separation of Ginkgo biloba terpene lactones by nuclear magnetic resonance.
PubMed:Co-encapsulation and sustained-release of four components in ginkgo terpenes from injectable PELGE nanoparticles.
PubMed:Preconditioning with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761®) provides neuroprotection through HO1 and CRMP2.
PubMed:A single amino acid determines the toxicity of Ginkgo biloba extracts.
PubMed:Different neuroprotective responses of Ginkgolide B and bilobalide, the two Ginkgo components, in ischemic rats with hyperglycemia.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide are accompanied by a reduction of ischemia-induced glutamate release in vivo.
PubMed:Species-dependent and receptor-selective action of bilobalide on the function of constitutive androstane receptor and pregnane X receptor.
PubMed:The phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-glycogen synthase kinase 3β pathway mediates bilobalide-induced reduction in amyloid β-peptide.
PubMed:Effects of Ginkgo biloba constituents on fruit-infesting behavior of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) in apples.
PubMed:Isoform-selective activation of human constitutive androstane receptor by Ginkgo biloba extract: functional analysis of the SV23, SV24, and SV25 splice variants.
PubMed:Functional genomics of a living fossil tree, Ginkgo, based on next-generation sequencing technology.
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates warfarin-mediated anticoagulation through induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by bilobalide in mice.
PubMed:MicroRNA expression is differentially altered by xenobiotic drugs in different human cell lines.
PubMed:The facilitative effects of bilobalide, a unique constituent of Ginkgo biloba, on synaptic transmission and plasticity in hippocampal subfields.
PubMed:Bilobalide regulates soluble amyloid precursor protein release via phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-dependent pathway.
PubMed:EGb761, a Ginkgo biloba extract, is effective against atherosclerosis in vitro, and in a rat model of type 2 diabetes.
PubMed:Binding sites for bilobalide, diltiazem, ginkgolide, and picrotoxinin at the 5-HT3 receptor.
PubMed:Anti-ischaemic effects of bilobalide on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and the involvement of the platelet-activating factor receptor.
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) inhibits mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway and prevents apoptosis in hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:Heme oxygenase 1, beneficial role in permanent ischemic stroke and in Gingko biloba (EGb 761) neuroprotection.
PubMed:Modulation of CYP1A1 activity by a Ginkgo biloba extract in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:EGb 761 (Ginkgo biloba) protects cochlear hair cells against ototoxicity induced by gentamicin via reducing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide-related apoptosis.
PubMed:Ginkgolide B and bilobalide block the pore of the 5-HT₃receptor at a location that overlaps the picrotoxin binding site.
PubMed:Pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of trilactone terpenes of Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of honokiol and magnolol, compounds from Magnolia officinalis, on beta-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells.
PubMed:Plasma and brain levels of terpene trilactones in rats after an oral single dose of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761®.
PubMed:Human pregnane X receptor agonism by Ginkgo biloba extract: assessment of the role of individual ginkgolides.
PubMed:Bilobalide protects mitochondrial function in ovariectomized rats by up-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.
PubMed:Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.
PubMed:Development of an alternative method for determination of terpene lactones in ginkgo dry extract.
PubMed:The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R) and its main constituent flavonoids and ginkgolides increase extracellular dopamine levels in the rat prefrontal cortex.
PubMed:Brain permeability of bilobalide as probed by microdialysis before and after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of bilobalide, ginkgolide A and B after administration of three different Ginkgo biloba L. preparations in humans.
PubMed:Intestinal and blood-brain barrier permeability of ginkgolides and bilobalide: in vitro and in vivo approaches.
PubMed:Inhibition of intestinal and hepatic glucuronidation of mycophenolic acid by Ginkgo biloba extract and flavonoids.
PubMed:Modulation of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 gene expression and activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by Ginkgo biloba extract in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells.
PubMed:Stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis by bilobalide and quercetin via common final pathway in hippocampal neurons.
PubMed:The mixture of procyanidins extracted from the lotus seed pod and bilobalide ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.
PubMed:Optimization of extraction technique and validation of developed RP-HPLC-ELSD method for determination of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves.
PubMed:Validation of an LC-MS/MS assay of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba extracts and pharmaceutical formulations through standard addition method.
PubMed:Bilobalide modulates serotonin-controlled behaviors in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
PubMed:Inhibition of human CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation by Ginkgo biloba extract: effect of terpene trilactones and flavonols.
PubMed:Column liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and ultraperformance column liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for the determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba and dietary supplements.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of bilobalide in plasma and brain of rats after oral administration of its phospholipidic complex.
PubMed:Influence of antivitamins ginkgotoxin 5'-phosphate and deoxypyridoxine 5'-phosphate on human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase.
PubMed:Time-dependent induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme activity and mRNA expression by bilobalide in rats.
PubMed:Chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves, extracts, and phytopharmaceuticals.
PubMed:Bioactive terpenoids and flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract induce the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathways.
PubMed:Effect of biotic elicitors on the accumulation of bilobalide and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures.
PubMed:Selective dissolution and one step separation of terpene trilactones in ginkgo leaf extracts for GC-FID determination.
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba extract neuroprotective action is dependent on heme oxygenase 1 in ischemic reperfusion brain injury.
PubMed:Influence of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the foliar nonvolatile terpenoids in ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Validation of capillary gas chromatographic method for determination of bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C in Ginkgo biloba dry and liquid extracts.
PubMed:Bilobalide inhibits 6-OHDA-induced activation of NF-kappaB and loss of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra.
PubMed:Induction of cytochrome P450s by terpene trilactones and flavonoids of the Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in rats.
PubMed:Subunit-specific potentiation of recombinant glycine receptors by NV-31, a bilobalide-derived compound.
PubMed:Role of glycine receptors and glycine release for the neuroprotective activity of bilobalide.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide in plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetic study of Ginkgo biloba extract in rats.
PubMed:Induction of cytochrome P450 3A by the Ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalides in human and rat primary hepatocytes.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ginkgo flavonoids and terpenoids in plasma: ammonium formate in LC mobile phase enhancing electrospray ionization efficiency and capacity.
PubMed:Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on oxidative metabolism of valproic acid in hepatic microsomes from donors with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype.
PubMed:Restoration of impaired phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) by EGb 761 and its constituents in Abeta-expressing neuroblastoma cells.
PubMed:Analysis of flavonol aglycones and terpenelactones in Ginkgo biloba extract: A comparison of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and column high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Spectroscopic investigation of Ginkgo biloba terpene trilactones and their interaction with amyloid peptide Abeta(25-35).
PubMed:Drug treatment improves memory in mice.
PubMed:Bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba extract is a major substance inducing hepatic CYPs.
PubMed:Characterization of a suite of ginkgo-containing standard reference materials.
PubMed:Single-laboratory validation for the determination of terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba dietary supplement crude materials and finished products by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection.
PubMed:Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine.
PubMed:In vitro peroxynitrite scavenging activity of 6-hydroxykynurenic acid and other flavonoids from Gingko biloba yellow leaves.
PubMed:A screening platform for compounds with potential immuno-regulatory activities using human cord blood mononuclear cells.
PubMed:Role of GABAergic antagonism in the neuroprotective effects of bilobalide.
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba leaf extract reverses amyloid beta-peptide-induced isoprostane production in rat brain in vitro.
PubMed:Bilobalide prevents ischemia-induced edema formation in vitro and in vivo.
PubMed:Quantitative determination of major active components in Ginkgo biloba dietary supplements by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Molecular determinants of ginkgolide binding in the glycine receptor pore.
PubMed:Application of reverse-flow micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the simultaneous determination of flavonols and terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba dosage forms.
PubMed:Identification of class 2 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase genes from Ginkgo biloba and their transcription in embryo culture with respect to ginkgolide biosynthesis.
PubMed:[Quantitative determination of ginkgolides by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Analysis of ginkgolides and bilobalide in food products using LC-APCI-MS.
PubMed:Determination of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms using HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection.
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba--an appraisal.
PubMed:Effect of supplementing terpenoid biosynthetic precursors on the accumulation of bilobalide and ginkgolides in Ginkgo biloba cell cultures.
PubMed:Mixed antagonistic effects of bilobalide at rho1 GABAC receptor.
PubMed:Distinct role of bilobalide and ginkgolide A in the modulation of rat CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 gene expression by Ginkgo biloba extract in cultured hepatocytes.
PubMed:Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1 enzymes: identification of isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin as potent inhibitors of CYP1B1.
PubMed:Preparative isolation of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
PubMed:Suppression of pacemaker activity by Ginkgo biloba extract and its main constituent, bilobalide in rat sino-atrial nodal cells.
PubMed:A picrotoxin-specific conformational change in the glycine receptor M2-M3 loop.
PubMed:Development of a ginkgo biloba fingerprint chromatogram with UV and evaporative light scattering detection and optimization of the evaporative light scattering detector operating conditions.
PubMed:Ginkgolides and bilobalide: their physical, chromatographic and spectroscopic properties.
PubMed:Terpene trilactones from Gingko biloba: from ancient times to the 21st century.
PubMed:[Studies on the cell growth, differentiation and terpene lactone accumulation in Ginkgo biloba cell suspension cultures].
PubMed:HPLC determination of certain flavonoids and terpene lactones in selected Ginkgo biloba L. phytopharmaceuticals.
PubMed:Biological activities of Ginkgo extracts.
PubMed:[Applications of two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the separation and identification of compounds in ginkgo biloba extracts].
PubMed:Age-related changes in the vasodilating actions of Ginkgo biloba extract and its main constituent, bilobalide, in rat aorta.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of terpenoid lactones in Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Effects of ginkgo biloba extract on cation currents in rat ventricular myocytes.
PubMed:Protection by bilobalide of the ischaemia-induced alterations of the mitochondrial respiratory activity.
PubMed:Isolation of ginkgolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide from G. biloba extracts.
PubMed:Sample preparation and determination of ginkgo terpene trilactones in selected beverage, snack, and dietary supplement products by liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection.
PubMed:Inhibition of human cytochromes P450 by components of Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:A method for extraction and quantification of Ginkgo terpene trilactones.
PubMed:Preventive effects of extract of leaves of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and its component bilobalide on azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.
PubMed:Determination of ginkgolide A, B, and bilobalide in biloba L. extracts by microdialysis-HPLC.
PubMed:Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on rat hepatic microsomal CYP1A activity: role of ginkgolides, bilobalide, and flavonols.
PubMed:Chemistry and biology of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Electropharmacological actions of Ginkgo biloba extract on vascular smooth and heart muscles.
PubMed:Comparative vasodilating actions among terpenoids and flavonoids contained in Ginkgo biloba extract.
PubMed:Analysis of ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba L. extract injections by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.
PubMed:Effect of bilobalide on peripheral nerve regeneration.
PubMed:An anxiolytic-like effect of Ginkgo biloba extract and its constituent, ginkgolide-A, in mice.
PubMed:Terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba are antagonists of cortical glycine and GABA(A) receptors.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide, a component of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in global brain ischemia and in excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide on cerebral amino acid neurotransmission.
PubMed:Excitotoxic hippocampal membrane breakdown and its inhibition by bilobalide: role of chloride fluxes.
PubMed:Structure-activity studies with Ginkgo biloba extract constituents as receptor-gated chloride channel blockers and modulators.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of Ginkgo biloba extracts.
PubMed:Cognitive and other behavioral effects of EGb 761 in animal models.
PubMed:Pharmacological studies supporting the therapeutic use of Ginkgo biloba extract for Alzheimer's disease.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of terpene lactones in plasma of animals.
PubMed:Effects of ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide, a main constituent, on the ionic currents in guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes.
PubMed:EGb 761: ginkgo biloba extract, Ginkor.
PubMed:Mechanisms for the vasodilations induced by Ginkgo biloba extract and its main constituent, bilobalide, in rat aorta.
PubMed:Bilobalide prevents reduction of gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity induced by 4-O-methylpyridoxine in mouse hippocampus.
PubMed:Homocysteine stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages: antagonizing effect of ginkgolides and bilobalide.
PubMed:Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone from Ginkgo biloba, is an antagonist at recombinant alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA(A) receptors.
PubMed:Development and validation of a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for simultaneous identification and quantification of marker compounds including bilobalide, ginkgolides and flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. extract and pharmaceutical preparations.
PubMed:[Analysis and structure identification of trace constituent in the total ginkgolide by using LC/DAD/ESI/MS].
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of bilobalide and ginkgolides from Ginkgo biloba leaves and Ginkgo products using (1)H-NMR.
PubMed:Rapid analysis of terpene lactones in extract of Ginkgo biloba L. by high performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Influence of pharmaceutical quality on the bioavailability of active components from Ginkgo biloba preparations.
PubMed:Bilobalide and neuroprotection.
PubMed:Identification and the retention index of bilobalide and ginkgolides using capillary gas chromatography.
PubMed:Efficient extraction of ginkgolides and bilobalide from Ginkgo biloba leaves.
PubMed:Anti-apoptotic properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in differentiated PC12 cells.
PubMed:EGb 761 is a neuroprotective agent against beta-amyloid toxicity.
PubMed:Effects of chronic administration of bilobalide on amino acid levels in mouse brain.
PubMed:Bilobalide, a component of the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), protects against neuronal death in global brain ischemia and in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
PubMed:What is Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761? An overview--from molecular biology to clinical medicine.
PubMed:[Value of Ginkgo biloba in treatment of Alzheimer dementia].
PubMed:Chemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves and extracts.
PubMed:Ginkgolide derivatives for photolabeling studies: preparation and pharmacological evaluation.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of terpene lactones and flavonoid aglycones in Ginkgo biloba by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide on amino acid release and electrophysiology of cortical slices.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric studies of ginkgolides and bilobalide using simultaneous monitoring of proton, ammonium and sodium adducts.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide on hypoxia/hypoglycemia-stimulated glutamate efflux from rat cortical brain slices.
PubMed:Mitochondrial respiratory chain as a new target for anti-ischemic molecules.
PubMed:Pharmaceutical quality of different Ginkgo biloba brands.
PubMed:Effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its constituents on carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and glutathione levels in mouse liver.
PubMed:[Plant biotechnology: an avant-garde research for an ancestral tree, the Ginkgo biloba].
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba extracts EGb 761 and bilobalide increase NADH dehydrogenase mRNA level and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio in PC12 cells.
PubMed:Selective responses of three Ginkgo biloba leaf-derived constituents on human intestinal bacteria.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation/mass spectrometry: a rapid and selective method for the quantitative determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in ginkgo leaf extracts and phytopharmaceuticals.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of bilobalide, a component of the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761), in gerbil global brain ischemia.
PubMed:Induction of glutathione synthesis in human keratinocytes by Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761).
PubMed:Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and CNS functions: basic studies and clinical applications.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry of terpene lactones in plasma of volunteers dosed with Ginkgo biloba L. extracts.
PubMed:Protective effect of bilobalide against nitric oxide-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.
PubMed:Bilobalide promotes expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in rat astrocytes.
PubMed:Protective effects of bilobalide on amyloid beta-peptide 25-35-induced PC12 cell cytotoxicity.
PubMed:Inhibition by ginkgolides and bilobalide of the production of nitric oxide in macrophages (THP-1) but not in endothelial cells (HUVEC).
PubMed:Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract but not its terpenoids partially mediated its protective effect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced damage.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of NV-31, a bilobalide-derived compound: evidence for an antioxidative mechanism.
PubMed:Comments on "An extraction method for determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo leaf extracts.
PubMed:Reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and protective effect of bilobalide.
PubMed:The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) protects and rescues hippocampal cells against nitric oxide-induced toxicity: involvement of its flavonoid constituents and protein kinase C.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene in Ginkgo biloba leaves, on population spikes in rat hippocampal slices.
PubMed:Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits NMDA-induced phospholipase A2 activation and phospholipid breakdown in rat hippocampus.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry of bioactive terpenoids in Ginkgo biloba L.
PubMed:Production of ginkgolides and bilobalide by Ginkgo biloba plants and tissue cultures.
PubMed:Anticlastogenic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and some of its constituents in irradiated rats.
PubMed:[Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761). State of knowledge in the dawn of the year 2000].
PubMed:Effects of single intraperitoneal injections of an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) and its terpene trilactone constituents on barbital-induced narcosis in the mouse.
PubMed:Therapeutic value of Ginkgo biloba in reducing symptoms of decline in mental function.
PubMed:Protection of mitochondrial respiration activity by bilobalide.
PubMed:Bioavailability of ginkgolides and bilobalide from extracts of ginkgo biloba using GC/MS.
PubMed:Inhibition of serum deprivation- and staurosporine-induced neuronal apoptosis by Ginkgo biloba extract and some of its constituents.
PubMed:Effects of bilobalide on gamma-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase in mouse brain.
PubMed:Antioxidative activity of ginkgolides against superoxide in an aprotic environment.
PubMed:Phospholipid breakdown and choline release under hypoxic conditions: inhibition by bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba.
PubMed:Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba L., potentiates drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in mice: possible mechanism for anticonvulsant activity against 4-O-methylpyridoxine-induced convulsions.
PubMed:[Assay of terpenes in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba extract and its preparations by in situ fluorometric TLC].
PubMed:Cardioprotective and anti-oxidant effects of the terpenoid constituents of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761).
PubMed:Effects of flavonoids of Ginkgo biloba on proliferation of human skin fibroblast.
PubMed:Protection of hypoxia-induced ATP decrease in endothelial cells by ginkgo biloba extract and bilobalide.
PubMed:[Pharmacokinetic properties of Bilobalide and Ginkgolides A and B in healthy subjects after intravenous and oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761)].
PubMed:Effects of repeated treatments with an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), bilobalide and ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of pancreatic beta cells of normal or alloxan-diabetic mice: an ex vivo study with intracellular microelectrodes.
PubMed:Regeneration of motor nerves in bilobalide-treated rats.
PubMed:Activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from Ginkgo biloba, on Pneumocystis carinii.
PubMed:Isolation of bilobalide and ginkgolide A from Ginkgo biloba L. shorten the sleeping time induced in mice by anesthetics.
PubMed:Concentration of Ginkgolides and Bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba Leaves in Relation to the Time of Year.
PubMed:[Gingkolides and bilobalide: structure, pharmacology, and synthesis].
PubMed:[Progression of multiple innervation of reinnervated rat muscle treated with bilobalide].
PubMed:[Preparation and definition of Ginkgo biloba extract].
PubMed:[The doyen of trees: the Ginkgo biloba].
PubMed:[Natural products from medicinal plants. XVI. A comparison of the NMR- and mass spectra of bilobalide C 15 H 18 O 8 and of the ginkgolides C 20 H 24 O 9 -11].
 
Notes:
from ginkgo biloba l. Constit. of leaves of Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo)
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