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Category:sweeteners, flavor enhancers
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystals (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 551.74 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Flash Point: | 575.00 °F. TCC ( 301.50 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | -1.029 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 4.615e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | sweeteners, flavor enhancers |
| Recommendation for dextro-psicose usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). |
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library |
| publication number: 29 |
| Click here to view publication 29 |
| | average usual ppm | average maximum ppm |
| baked goods: | - | - |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 15000.00000 | 20000.00000 |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 15000.00000 | 15000.00000 |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - |
| cheese: | - | - |
| chewing gum: | - | - |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - |
| egg products: | - | - |
| fats / oils: | - | - |
| fish products: | - | - |
| frozen dairy: | - | - |
| fruit ices: | - | - |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - |
| granulated sugar: | - | - |
| gravies: | - | - |
| hard candy: | - | - |
| imitation dairy: | - | - |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - |
| jams / jellies: | - | - |
| meat products: | - | - |
| milk products: | 15000.00000 | 15000.00000 |
| nut products: | - | - |
| other grains: | - | - |
| poultry: | - | - |
| processed fruits: | - | - |
| processed vegetables: | - | - |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - |
| snack foods: | - | - |
| soft candy: | - | - |
| soups: | - | - |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - |
| sweet sauces: | - | - |
Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| D- | allulose | | D- | allulose 3-epimerase from Arthrobacter globiformis M30 produced in Escherichia coli | | D- | altrulose | | D- | erythrohexulose | | D-erythro- | hexulose | | (3R,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6- | pentahydroxyhexan-2-one | | D- | psicose | | D- | ribo-2-hexulose | | D- | ribo-2-ketohexose | | D- | ribo-2-ketohexulose | | D- | ribo-hex-2-ulose | | D- | ribohexulose |
Articles:
| PubMed:Biochemical characterization of a D-psicose 3-epimerase from Treponema primitia ZAS-1 and its application on enzymatic production of D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Frontispiece: a separation-integrated cascade reaction to overcome thermodynamic limitations in rare-sugar synthesis. |
| PubMed:d-Psicose, an Epimer of d-Fructose, Favorably Alters Lipid Metabolism in Sprague-Dawley Rats. |
| PubMed:Construction of allitol synthesis pathway by multi-enzyme coexpression in Escherichia coli and its application in allitol production. |
| PubMed:A separation-integrated cascade reaction to overcome thermodynamic limitations in rare-sugar synthesis. |
| PubMed:Directed divergent evolution of a thermostable D-tagatose epimerase towards improved activity for two hexose substrates. |
| PubMed:Rare sugar D-psicose prevents progression and development of diabetes in T2DM model Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. |
| PubMed:Highly efficient production of rare sugars D-psicose and L-tagatose by two engineered D-tagatose epimerases. |
| PubMed:Effect of D-psicose used as sucrose replacer on the characteristics of meringue. |
| PubMed:Intestinal absorption, organ distribution, and urinary excretion of the rare sugar D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Co-expression of D-glucose isomerase and D-psicose 3-epimerase: development of an efficient one-step production of D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of rare ketoses through constructing a recombination pathway in an engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. |
| PubMed:Structure of D-tagatose 3-epimerase-like protein from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. |
| PubMed:Immobilization of Clostridium cellulolyticum D-psicose 3-epimerase on artificial oil bodies. |
| PubMed:Retraction: d-Psicose inhibits intestinal α-glucosidase and suppresses the glycemic response after ingestion of carbohydrate in rats. |
| PubMed:[Production of sugar syrup containing rare sugar using dual-enzyme coupled reaction system]. |
| PubMed:Production of allitol from D-psicose by a novel isolated strain of Klebsiella oxytoca G4A4. |
| PubMed:Artificial sweeteners - a review. |
| PubMed:Iteamine, the first alkaloid isolated from Itea virginica L. inflorescence. |
| PubMed:Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes. |
| PubMed:Structural insight into L-ribulose 3-epimerase from Mesorhizobium loti. |
| PubMed:Short and sweet: (D)-glucose to (L)-glucose and (L)-glucuronic acid. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a metal-dependent D-psicose 3-epimerase from a novel strain, Desmospora sp. 8437. |
| PubMed:D-psicose increases energy expenditure and decreases body fat accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. |
| PubMed:High-level extracellular production of D-Psicose-3-epimerase with recombinant Escherichia coli by a two-stage glycerol feeding approach. |
| PubMed:Crystal structure and substrate specificity of D-galactose-6-phosphate isomerase complexed with substrates. |
| PubMed:Transepithelial transports of rare sugar D-psicose in human intestine. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a D-psicose-producing enzyme, D-psicose 3-epimerase, from Clostridium sp. |
| PubMed:Inhibition by dietary D-psicose of body fat accumulation in adult rats fed a high-sucrose diet. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a novel metal-dependent D-psicose 3-epimerase from Clostridium scindens 35704. |
| PubMed:A D-psicose 3-epimerase with neutral pH optimum from Clostridium bolteae for D-psicose production: cloning, expression, purification, and characterization. |
| PubMed:Characterization of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase converting D-psicose to D-allose from Thermotoga lettingae TMO. |
| PubMed:Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. |
| PubMed:[Bioconversion of D-fructose to D-allose by novel isomerases]. |
| PubMed:Overexpression of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. in Escherichia coli and its potential application in D-psicose production. |
| PubMed:Recent advances on applications and biotechnological production of D-psicose. |
| PubMed:The 90-day oral toxicity of d-psicose in male Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Crystal structures of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 and its complex with ketohexose sugars. |
| PubMed:Dietary D-psicose reduced visceral fat mass in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. |
| PubMed:Hypoglycemic health benefits of D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic synthesis of D-sorbose and D-psicose with aldolase RhaD: effect of acceptor configuration on enzyme stereoselectivity. |
| PubMed:D-allose and D-psicose reinforce the action of metronidazole on trichomonad. |
| PubMed:Improvement in the thermostability of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens by random and site-directed mutagenesis. |
| PubMed:Cloning, expression, and characterization of a D-psicose 3-epimerase from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10. |
| PubMed:Microbial metabolism and biotechnological production of D-allose. |
| PubMed:D-Psicose induces upregulation of defense-related genes and resistance in rice against bacterial blight. |
| PubMed:Characteristics and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products from psicose-lysine and fructose-lysine model systems. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of rare sugars with L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase (FucA) from Thermus thermophilus HB8. |
| PubMed:Crystal structures of LacD from Staphylococcus aureus and LacD.1 from Streptococcus pyogenes: insights into substrate specificity and virulence gene regulation. |
| PubMed:Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. |
| PubMed:Increased D-allose production by the R132E mutant of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from Clostridium thermocellum. |
| PubMed:Chemical synthesis of beta-D-psicofuranosyl disaccharides. |
| PubMed:D-psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in C57BL/6J db/db mice. |
| PubMed:Study on the postprandial blood glucose suppression effect of D-psicose in borderline diabetes and the safety of long-term ingestion by normal human subjects. |
| PubMed:X-ray structures of Bacillus pallidus d-arabinose isomerase and its complex with l-fucitol. |
| PubMed:Catalytic reaction mechanism of Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase deduced from X-ray structures. |
| PubMed:A comprehensive HPLC analytical system for the identification and quantification of hexoses that employs 2-aminobenzamide coupling. |
| PubMed:The study on long-term toxicity of d-psicose in rats. |
| PubMed:Mutational analysis of the active site residues of a D: -psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. |
| PubMed:Characterization of a recombinant L-fucose isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus that isomerizes L-fucose, D-arabinose, D-altrose, and L-galactose. |
| PubMed:d-Psicose Inhibits Intestinal alpha-Glucosidase and Suppresses the Glycemic Response after Ingestion of Carbohydrates in Rats. |
| PubMed:Failure of d-psicose absorbed in the small intestine to metabolize into energy and its low large intestinal fermentability in humans. |
| PubMed:Roles of Ile66 and Ala107 of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens in binding O6 of its substrate, D-fructose. |
| PubMed:Separation of D-psicose and D-fructose using simulated moving bed chromatography. |
| PubMed:D-ribose competitively reverses inhibition by D-psicose of larval growth in Caenorhabditis elegans. |
| PubMed:Microbial production of xylitol from L-arabinose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. |
| PubMed:Growth inhibition of head and neck carcinomas by D-allose. |
| PubMed:Competitive inhibitors of type B ribose 5-phosphate isomerases: design, synthesis and kinetic evaluation of new D-allose and D-allulose 6-phosphate derivatives. |
| PubMed:Structure of a D-tagatose 3-epimerase-related protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. |
| PubMed:Characterization of D-tagatose-3-epimerase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides that converts D-fructose into D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Acute D-psicose administration decreases the glycemic responses to an oral maltodextrin tolerance test in normal adults. |
| PubMed:Novel substrates of a ribose-5-phosphate isomerase from Clostridium thermocellum. |
| PubMed:Crystal structure of beta-D-psicopyranose. |
| PubMed:Influence of a rare sugar, d-Psicose, on the physicochemical and functional properties of an aerated food system containing egg albumen. |
| PubMed:Potential anthelmintic: D-psicose inhibits motility, growth and reproductive maturity of L1 larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans. |
| PubMed:Conversion shift of D-fructose to D-psicose for enzyme-catalyzed epimerization by addition of borate. |
| PubMed:Development of an amperometric flow analysis sensor for specific detection of D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Bioproduction of D-psicose from allitol with Enterobacter aerogenes IK7: a new frontier in rare ketose production. |
| PubMed:Inhibitory effect of d-allose on neutrophil activation after rat renal ischemia/reperfusion. |
| PubMed:Crystal structures of D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas cichorii and its complexes with D-tagatose and D-fructose. |
| PubMed:Characterization of aldolase from Methanococcus jannaschii by gas chromatography. |
| PubMed:Substrate specificity of a galactose 6-phosphate isomerase from Lactococcus lactis that produces d-allose from d-psicose. |
| PubMed:Preventive effect of D-psicose, one of rare ketohexoses, on di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular injury in rat. |
| PubMed:D-Psicose inhibits the expression of MCP-1 induced by high-glucose stimulation in HUVECs. |
| PubMed:Cloning, sequencing, overexpression and characterization of L-rhamnose isomerase from Bacillus pallidus Y25 for rare sugar production. |
| PubMed:Uncovering new metabolic capabilities of Bacillus subtilis using phenotype profiling of rifampin-resistant rpoB mutants. |
| PubMed:Characterization of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase of Clostridium thermocellum producing D-allose from D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Bacillus decisifrondis sp. nov., isolated from soil underlying decaying leaf foliage. |
| PubMed:Efficient conversion of allitol to D-psicose by Bacillus pallidus Y25. |
| PubMed:Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of D-tagatose 3-epimerase from Pseudomonas cichorii. |
| PubMed:Novel substrate specificity of D-arabinose isomerase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and its application to production of D-altrose from D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Rheological characteristics of heat-induced custard pudding gels with high antioxidative activity. |
| PubMed:Effects of dietary D-psicose on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations of rats. |
| PubMed:Crystal structure of D-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its complex with true substrate D-fructose: a pivotal role of metal in catalysis, an active site for the non-phosphorylated substrate, and its conformational changes. |
| PubMed:Improved microcirculatory effect of D-allose on hepatic ischemia reperfusion following partial hepatectomy in cirrhotic rat liver. |
| PubMed:Efficient biosynthesis of D-allose from D-psicose by cross-linked recombinant L-rhamnose isomerase: separation of product by ethanol crystallization. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and structure analysis of novel disaccharides containing D-psicose produced by endo-1,4-beta-D-xylanase from Aspergillus sojae. |
| PubMed:Bioconversion of D-psicose to D-tagatose and D-talitol by Mucoraceae fungi. |
| PubMed:Characterization of an Agrobacterium tumefaciens D-psicose 3-epimerase that converts D-fructose to D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Neuroprotective effect of D-psicose on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the site specific protein glycation and antioxidant capacity of rare sugar-protein/peptide conjugates. |
| PubMed:A novel enzymatic approach to the massproduction of L-galactose from L-sorbose. |
| PubMed:A novel inhibitory effect of D-allose on production of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils. |
| PubMed:Chitosan productivity enhancement in Rhizopus oryzae YPF-61A by D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Direct production of allitol from D-fructose by a coupling reaction using D-tagatose 3-epimerase, ribitol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase. |
| PubMed:Mass production of D-psicose from d-fructose by a continuous bioreactor system using immobilized D-tagatose 3-epimerase. |
| PubMed:The inhibitory effect and possible mechanisms of D-allose on cancer cell proliferation. |
| PubMed:Growth inhibitory effect of D-allose on human ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Enzymatic procedures in the preparation of regioprotected D-fructose derivatives. |
| PubMed:Production of dihydroxy C50-carotenoid by Aureobacterium sp. FERM P-18698. |
| PubMed:Novel reactions of L-rhamnose isomerase from Pseudomonas stutzeri and its relation with D-xylose isomerase via substrate specificity. |
| PubMed:Modification of ovalbumin with a rare ketohexose through the Maillard reaction: effect on protein structure and gel properties. |
| PubMed:Metabolic effects of D-psicose in rats: studies on faecal and urinary excretion and caecal fermentation. |
| PubMed:Effects of oral acute administration and subchronic feeding of several levels of D-psicose in rats. |
| PubMed:D-psicose is a rare sugar that provides no energy to growing rats. |
| PubMed:Aryltriazole C-nucleosides with affinity to certain DNA sequence. II. Synthesis of 4-(beta-D-erythrofuranosyl)-2-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3-triazole from D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Dietary D-psicose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats. |
| PubMed:Investigation of sucrose synthase from rice for the synthesis of various nucleotide sugars and saccharides. |
| PubMed:Carbohydrate substrate specificity of bacterial and plant pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases. |
| PubMed:Thermodynamics of carbohydrate isomerization reactions. The conversion of aqueous allose to psicose. |
| PubMed:The sugar phosphate specificity of rat hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. |
| PubMed:Urticaria induced by D-psicose. |
| PubMed:Lactose and D-galactose metabolism in Staphylococcus aureus. IV. Isolation and properties of a class I D-ketohexose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase that catalyzes the cleavage of D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. |
| PubMed:Bovine liver fructokinase: purification and kinetic properties. |
| PubMed:The fructose 6-phosphate site of phosphofructokinase. Epimeric specificity. |
| PubMed:D-Psicose metabolism in the rat. |
| PubMed:Enolization of hexodiulose acetals. Synthesis of derivatives of D-psicose by reduction of a hex-3-enulopyranose. |
| PubMed:O-isopropylidene derivatives of D-allulose (D-psicose) and D-erythro-hexopyranos-2,3-diulose. |
| PubMed:Acetylation of d-psicose. |
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3D/inchi