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ginsenoside
(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,14R,17S)-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol

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CAS Number: 74749-74-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: 3K198YD54P
MDL:MFCD01772642
XlogP3-AA:8.50 (est)
Molecular Weight:444.74284000
Formula:C30 H52 O2
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Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 529.44 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 414.00 °F. TCC ( 212.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 8.749 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 3.535e-005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Ginsenoside 95%
Changsha Organic Herb
American Ginseng Root Extract Ginsenosides
Changsha Organic Herb
Ginseng Panax extract
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 40 mg/kg
International Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 19, Pg. 293, 2000.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 40 mg/kg
International Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 19, Pg. 293, 2000.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for ginsenoside usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for ginsenoside flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
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Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :3086007
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,14R,17S)-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
Chemidplus:0074749749
 
References:
 (3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,14R,17S)-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):3086007
Pubchem (sid):135233226
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 found in nature
 
Synonyms:
(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,14R,17S)-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
 

Articles:

PubMed:The Ginsenoside 20-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Melanoma via AMPK/JNK Phosphorylation.
PubMed:Quantitative Comparison and Metabolite Profiling of Saponins in Different Parts of the Root of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Taste characteristics based quantitative and qualitative evaluation of ginseng adulteration.
PubMed:Stereospecificity of ginsenoside rg3 in the promotion of cellular immunity in hepatoma h22-bearing mice.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 Eliminates HIV-1 (D3)-Transduced Cytoprotective Human Macrophages by Inhibiting the AKT Pathway.
PubMed:Ginsenoside-free molecules from steam-dried ginseng berry promote ethanol metabolism: an alternative choice for an alcohol hangover.
PubMed:A well-refined in vitro model derived from human embryonic stem cell for screening phytochemicals with midbrain dopaminergic differentiation-boosting potential for improving Parkinson's disease.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase from Pseudonocardia sp. Gsoil 1536 and its application for enhanced production of minor ginsenoside Rg2(S).
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 improves energy metabolism in the skeletal muscle of an animal model of postoperative fatigue syndrome.
PubMed:20-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Suppresses UV-Induced MMP-1 Expression Through AMPK-Mediated mTOR Inhibition as a Downstream of the PKA-LKB1 Pathway.
PubMed:Expression of antiviral cytokines in Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells pretreated with Korean red ginseng extract or ginsenosides.
PubMed:Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on septic rats and its mechanism.
PubMed:[Major hypoglycemic ingredients of panax notoginseng saponins for treating diabetes].
PubMed:Protective effect of ginsenoside Re on acute gastric mucosal lesion induced by compound 48/80.
PubMed:Bioconversion of ginsenosides in the american ginseng ( xī yáng shēn) extraction residue by fermentation with lingzhi ( líng zhī, ganoderma lucidum).
PubMed:Anticarcinogenic effects of products of heat-processed ginsenoside Re, a major constituent of ginseng berry, on human gastric cancer cells.
PubMed:Effects and mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on cognition.
PubMed:Ginsenoside metabolite compound K stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells via bile acid receptor activation.
PubMed:Subacute oral toxicity study of korean red ginseng extract in sprague-dawley rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of glucosidases of Aspergillus niger strain comparing with other glucosidases in transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenosides Rg3.
PubMed:Quality characteristics and ginsenosides composition of ginseng-yakju according to the particle size of ginseng powder.
PubMed:Esterification enhanced intestinal absorption of ginsenoside Rh2 in Caco-2 cells without impacts on its protective effects against H₂O₂-induced cell injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
PubMed:Characterization of a ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and its application for enhanced production of minor ginsenoside F₂.
PubMed:Antidepressant-like effects of Xiaochaihutang in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.
PubMed:YY162 prevents ADHD-like behavioral side effects and cytotoxicity induced by Aroclor1254 via interactive signaling between antioxidant potential, BDNF/TrkB, DAT and NET.
PubMed:Enzyme-modified Panax ginseng inhibits UVB-induced skin aging through the regulation of procollagen type I and MMP-1 expression.
PubMed:Long-term administration of ginsenoside Rh1 enhances learning and memory by promoting cell survival in the mouse hippocampus.
PubMed:Characteristic study on the chemical components of Korean curved ginseng products.
PubMed:Renoprotective effects of Maillard reaction products generated during heat treatment of ginsenoside Re with leucine.
PubMed:Ginsenoside rb1 modulates level of monoamine neurotransmitters in mice frontal cortex and cerebellum in response to immobilization stress.
PubMed:Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rd in the ginseng extraction residue by fermentation with lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum).
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of seven ginsenosides in Du Shen Tang decoction by rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Updating chemical profiling of red ginseng via the elucidation of two geometric isomers of ginsenosides Rg9 and Rg10.
PubMed:Efficient thermal deglycosylation of ginsenoside Rd and its contribution to the improved anticancer activity of ginseng.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rh2 improves learning and memory in mice.
PubMed:Red ginseng protects against gentamicin-induced balance dysfunction and hearing loss in rats through antiapoptotic functions of ginsenoside Rb1.
PubMed:Reduction of hepatitis A virus on FRhK-4 cells treated with Korean red ginseng extract and ginsenosides.
PubMed:A novel strategy with standardized reference extract qualification and single compound quantitative evaluation for quality control of Panax notoginseng used as a functional food.
PubMed:Enhancement of protective immune response to recombinant Toxoplasma gondii ROP18 antigen by ginsenoside Re.
PubMed:Compound K induces apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 MAPK pathway.
PubMed:A new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside from the roots of Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Mass production of the ginsenoside Rg3(S) through the combinative use of two glycoside hydrolases.
PubMed:Ginseng panaxoside Rb1 reduces body weight in diet-induced obese mice.
PubMed:Compound K is able to ameliorate the impaired cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis following chemotherapy treatment.
PubMed:The effect of extrusion conditions on the acidic polysaccharide, ginsenoside contents and antioxidant properties of extruded Korean red ginseng.
PubMed:The bioavailability of red ginseng extract fermented by Phellinus linteus.
PubMed:Comparison of Ginsenoside and Phenolic Ingredient Contents in Hydroponically-cultivated Ginseng Leaves, Fruits, and Roots.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside re isolated from ginseng berry on histamine and cytokine release in human mast cells and human alveolar epithelial cells.
PubMed:[Discussion on correlation between preparation, in vivo conversion process and potential structure-activity relationship of ginsenoside].
PubMed:Panax ginseng extract rich in ginsenoside protopanaxatriol offers combinatorial effects in nitric oxide production via multiple signaling pathways.
PubMed:Determination of ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax quinquefolius L. root materials and finished products by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection: interlaboratory study.
PubMed:Lactobacillus yonginensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium with ginsenoside converting activity isolated from Kimchi.
PubMed:Increase in antioxidant and anticancer effects of ginsenoside Re-lysine mixture by Maillard reaction.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K by Lactobacillus paralimentarius.
PubMed:Lactobacillus ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., isolated from kimchi with the ability to transform ginsenosides.
PubMed:[Effect of inorganic fertilizer on quality of Panax ginseng].
PubMed:Bioconversion of ginsenoside Rc into Rd by a novel α-L-arabinofuranosidase, Abf22-3 from Leuconostoc sp. 22-3: cloning, expression, and enzyme characterization.
PubMed:Metabolite profiling of ginsenoside Re in rat urine and faeces after oral administration.
PubMed:Implication of the stereoisomers of ginsenoside derivatives in the antiproliferative effect of HSC-T6 cells.
PubMed:Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study.
PubMed:Absorption mechanism of ginsenoside compound K and its butyl and octyl ester prodrugs in Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:Ginsenosides Rb₁ and Rd regulate proliferation of mature keratinocytes through induction of p63 expression in hair follicles.
PubMed:Studies on the chemical transformation of 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides R(e), R(g2), and R(f) using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS).
PubMed:Increase in antioxidant effect of ginsenoside Re-alanine mixture by Maillard reaction.
PubMed:Influence of sulphur-fumigation on the quality of white ginseng: a quantitative evaluation of major ginsenosides by high performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Antibiotics attenuate anti-scratching behavioral effect of ginsenoside Re in mice.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Re ameliorates inflammation by inhibiting the binding of lipopolysaccharide to TLR4 on macrophages.
PubMed:Toxicity of a novel anti-tumor agent 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3: a 26-week intramuscular repeated administration study in rats.
PubMed:Microbial transformation of ginsenoside Rg3 to ginsenoside Rh2 by Esteya vermicola CNU 120806.
PubMed:Highly selective microbial transformation of major ginsenoside Rb1 to gypenoside LXXV by Esteya vermicola CNU120806.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg3 Reduces Lipid Accumulation with AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation in HepG2 Cells.
PubMed:Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Rb(3) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
PubMed:Reactive oxygen species mediated ginsenoside Rg3- and Rh2-induced apoptosis in hepatoma cells through mitochondrial signaling pathways.
PubMed:Ginsenoside rich fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer improve feeding behavior following radiation-induced pica in rats.
PubMed:Protective effects of astragalosides on dexamethasone and Aβ25-35 induced learning and memory impairments due to decrease amyloid precursor protein expression in 12-month male rats.
PubMed:Enzymatic biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to compound K by recombinant β-glucosidase from Microbacterium esteraromaticum.
PubMed:Inhibition of inflammations and macrophage activation by ginsenoside-Re isolated from Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer).
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by modulating NF-κB and MAPKs pathways.
PubMed:Panax ginseng extract rich in ginsenoside protopanaxatriol attenuates blood pressure elevation in spontaneously hypertensive rats by affecting the Akt-dependent phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
PubMed:Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic activities of a saponin extract derived from the roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the chemosensitivity of tumors to cisplatin by reducing the basal level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated heme oxygenase-1/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 and prevents normal tissue damage by scavenging cisplatin-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species.
PubMed:Changes in the Contents of Prosapogenin in the Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Depending on Steaming Batches.
PubMed:Comparative Study of White and Steamed Black Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, and P. notoginseng on Cholinesterase Inhibitory and Antioxidative Activity.
PubMed:The changes of ginsenoside patterns in red ginseng processed by organic Acid impregnation pretreatment.
PubMed:Phytochemical characteristics of coffee bean treated by coating of ginseng extract.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb3 exerts antidepressant-like effects in several animal models.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits cell activation and liver fibrosis in rat hepatic stellate cells.
PubMed:Ginsenoside metabolite compound K differentially antagonizing tumor necrosis factor-α-induced monocyte-endothelial trafficking.
PubMed:Changes of ginsenoside content by mushroom mycelial fermentation in red ginseng extract.
PubMed:Subchronic toxicity studies with ginsenoside compound K delivered to dogs via intravenous administration.
PubMed:Toxicity of a novel anti-tumor agent 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3: a 26-week intramuscular repeated administration study in Beagle dogs.
PubMed:Porosity changes and retention of ginsenosides in North American ginseng root using different dehydration processes.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits proliferation and inflammatory responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
PubMed:Effect of ginsenosides Rg3 and Re on glucose transport in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
PubMed:Long-term ginsenoside administration prevents memory loss in aged female C57BL/6J mice by modulating the redox status and up-regulating the plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus.
PubMed:Inhibition of JAK1/STAT3 signaling mediates compound K-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma U266 cells.
PubMed:A comparison between high hydrostatic pressure extraction and heat extraction of ginsenosides from ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer).
PubMed:Red notoginseng: higher ginsenoside content and stronger anticancer potential than Asian and American ginseng.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rb1 improves spatial learning and memory by regulation of cell genesis in the hippocampal subregions of rats.
PubMed:Oral administration of ginsenoside Rh1 inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions induced by oxazolone in hairless mice.
PubMed:Differentiation of Panax quinquefolius grown in the USA and China using LC/MS-based chromatographic fingerprinting and chemometric approaches.
PubMed:Study on the interactions between ginsenosides and lysozyme under acidic condition by ESI-MS and molecular docking.
PubMed:Preparative chromatography of flavonoids and saponins in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell.
PubMed:Antiobesity and antihyperglycemic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats.
PubMed:Antihepatocarcinoma activity of lactic acid bacteria fermented Panax notoginseng.
PubMed:Enzymatic preparation of 20(S, R)-protopanaxadiol by transformation of 20(S, R)-Rg3 from black ginseng.
PubMed:Ginsenoside composition and antiproliferative activities of explosively puffed ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer).
PubMed:Inhibition of human renin activity by saponins.
PubMed:Effect and mechanism of ginsenosides CK and Rg1 on stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
PubMed:Anti-diabetic effects of Panax notoginseng saponins and its major anti-hyperglycemic components.
PubMed:[Effect of different treatment methods on quality of American ginseng roots].
PubMed:Biotransformation of ginsenosides by hydrolyzing the sugar moieties of ginsenosides using microbial glycosidases.
PubMed:[Microorganisms of special herb-glycosidases and their fermentation, enzyme properties].
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg3 Suppresses Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis in MIN6N8 Pancreatic beta-Cells.
PubMed:Microbial conversion of rare ginsenoside Rf to 20(S)-protopanaxatriol by Aspergillus niger.
PubMed:Dammarane-type saponins from the flower buds of Panax ginseng and their intracellular radical scavenging capacity.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rc, an active component of Panax ginseng, stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through an AMPK-dependent mechanism.
PubMed:Application of gamma irradiation in ginseng for both photodegradation of pesticide pentachloronitrobenzene and microbial decontamination.
PubMed:Evaluation of nanofabricated ginseng extract powders.
PubMed:Compound K induces apoptosis via CAMK-IV/AMPK pathways in HT-29 colon cancer cells.
PubMed:Microwave degradation of floatation-enriched ginsenoside extract from Panax quinquefolium L. leaf.
PubMed:Effect of compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, combined with gamma-ray radiation in human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetic characterization of ginsenoside Rh2, an anticancer nutrient from ginseng, in rats and dogs.
PubMed:Effects of red ginseng extract on UVB irradiation-induced skin aging in hairless mice.
PubMed:Long-term ginsenoside administration prevents memory impairment in aged C57BL/6J mice by up-regulating the synaptic plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus.
PubMed:Improvement of memory in mice and increase of hippocampal excitability in rats by ginsenoside Rg1's metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol.
PubMed:Effect of a putative ERalpha antagonist, MPP, on food intake in cycling and ovariectomized rats.
PubMed:Effects of extrusion process variables on extractable ginsenosides in wheat-ginseng extrudates.
PubMed:Compound K, intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside, attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatoma cells.
PubMed:Long-term ginsenoside consumption prevents memory loss in aged SAMP8 mice by decreasing oxidative stress and up-regulating the plasticity-related proteins in hippocampus.
PubMed:Role of ginsenoside Rd in inhibiting 26S proteasome activity.
PubMed:Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 suppress triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and enhance beta-cell insulin secretion and viability in Min6 cells via PKA-dependent pathways.
PubMed:Optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ginsenoside Rb1 esters using response surface methodology.
PubMed:A randomized controlled crossover trial of the effect of ginseng consumption on the immune response to moderate exercise in healthy sedentary men.
PubMed:Antiobesity effect of ginsenoside Rg3 involves the AMPK and PPAR-gamma signal pathways.
PubMed:Optimization of ginsenosides hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase production from Aspergillus niger using response surface methodology.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rd prevents and rescues rat intestinal epithelial cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis.
PubMed:Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
PubMed:Effect of CVT-E002 (COLD-fX) versus a ginsenoside extract on systemic and gut-associated immune function.
PubMed:Effects of ginsenosides on organogenesis and expression of glutathione peroxidase genes in cultured rat embryos.
PubMed:Characterizing the mechanism for ginsenoside-induced cytotoxicity in cultured leukemia (THP-1) cells.
PubMed:Compound K enhances insulin secretion with beneficial metabolic effects in db/db mice.
PubMed:Anti-obesity effects of ginsenoside Rh2 are associated with the activation of AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocyte.
PubMed:Transformation of bioactive compounds by Fusarium sacchari fungus isolated from the soil-cultivated ginseng.
PubMed:Analytical discrimination between sources of ginseng using Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed:The inhibitory effects of garlic and Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 on the genotoxicity, biochemical, and histological changes induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in male rats.
PubMed:Eastern blotting and immunoaffinity concentration using monoclonal antibody for ginseng saponins in the field of traditional chinese medicines.
PubMed:Effect of ginsenosides on glucose uptake in human Caco-2 cells is mediated through altered Na+/glucose cotransporter 1 expression.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of new special ginsenosidase hydrolyzing multi-glycisides of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides, ginsenosidase type I.
PubMed:Steamed American ginseng berry: ginsenoside analyses and anticancer activities.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng and its genuine constituents ginsenosides Rg3, Rf, and Rh2 in mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and contact dermatitis models.
PubMed:Korean red ginseng rootlets decrease acute postprandial glycemia: results from sequential preparation- and dose-finding studies.
PubMed:Saponins composition in American ginseng leaf and berry assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Simplified extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) for high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis.
PubMed:Transformation of ginsenosides Rb2 and Rc from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms.
PubMed:Effects of population, age, and cultivation methods on ginsenoside content of wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium).
PubMed:Transformation of ginsenosides Rb1 and Re from Panax ginseng by food microorganisms.
PubMed:Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on postimplantation rat and mouse embryos cultured in vitro.
PubMed:American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re attenuate cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats.
PubMed:Determination of ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Re in different dosage forms of ginseng by negative ion electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Mechanistic studies on protopanaxadiol, Rh2, and ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) extract induced cytotoxicity in intestinal Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:Ginsenosides 20(S)-protopanaxadiol and Rh2 reduce cell proliferation and increase sub-G1 cells in two cultured intestinal cell lines, Int-407 and Caco-2.
PubMed:Transformation of ginseng saponins to ginsenoside Rh2 by acids and human intestinal bacteria and biological activities of their transformants.
PubMed:Generation of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 from North American ginseng.
PubMed:Chemical assessment of roots of Panax notoginseng in China: regional and seasonal variations in its active constituents.
PubMed:Phytochemistry of wild populations of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng).
PubMed:Isolation of dammarane saponins from Panax notoginseng by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
PubMed:Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro and in vivo by the herbal constituents apigenin (chamomile), ginsenoside Rb(1) (ginseng) and parthenolide (feverfew).
PubMed:In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes.
PubMed:Structure-function relationship exists for ginsenosides in reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the human leukemia (THP-1) cell line.
PubMed:Antidiabetic effects of Panax ginseng berry extract and the identification of an effective component.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of ginsenoside-alpha-L-rhamnosidase.
PubMed:Metabolism of 20(S)- and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 by human intestinal bacteria and its relation to in vitro biological activities.
PubMed:In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of panaxytriol isolated from ginseng.
PubMed:Simultaneous quantification of ginsenosides in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) root powder by visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.
PubMed:Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link?
PubMed:Hypothalamic neuronal histamine modulates adaptive behavior and thermogenesis in response to endogenous pyrogen.
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg1 modulates ingestive behavior and thermal response induced by interleukin-1 beta in rats.
PubMed:[Study on the nootropic mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1--influence on mouse brain development].
PubMed:Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents histaminergic modulation of rat adaptive behavior from elevation of ambient temperature.
PubMed:[Minor components in food plants--II. Triterpenoid saponins from Ullucus tuberosus].
PubMed:Attenuation of anorexia induced by heat or surgery during sustained administration of ginsenoside Rg1 into rat third ventricle.
PubMed:[Ginsenoside-Rb1 as a suppressor in central modulation of feeding in the rat].
 
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