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diclazuril
2-[4-[3,5-bis(oxidanylidene)-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl]-2,6-bis(chloranyl)phenyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanenitrile

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CAS Number: 101831-37-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: K110K1B1VE
Nikkaji Web:J413.493A
MDL:MFCD00867203
XlogP3-AA:4.10 (est)
Molecular Weight:407.64113000
Formula:C17 H9 Cl3 N4 O2
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:herbicides / pesticides
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 2.439 (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Diclazuril >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Diclazuril is an anti-coccidial drug.
Carbosynth
For experimental / research use only.
Diclazuril
Glentham Life Sciences
Diclazuril
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Diclazuril
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Diclazuril VETRANAL™, analytical standard
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
herbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for diclazuril usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for diclazuril flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of diclazuril (Clinacox® 0.5 %) as feed additive for chickens reared for laying
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for chickens for fattening
View page or View pdf

Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for guinea fowl
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) as a feed additive for turkeys for fattening
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for rabbits for fattening and breeding
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for pheasants
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of Coxiril® (diclazuril) for chickens reared for laying
View page or View pdf

ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :456389
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile
Chemidplus:0101831372
 
References:
 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):456389
Pubchem (sid):135016035
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):D03794
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
MedlinePlusSupp:View
ChemSpider:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile
(4-chlorophenyl)[2,6-dichloro-4-(3,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)phenyl]acetonitrile
 coxiril
2,6-dichloro-.alpha.-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl)benzeneacetonitrile
2,6-dichloro-alpha-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-[4,5-dihydro-3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-2(3H)-yl]benzeneacetonitrile
 diclazurilum
2-[4-[3,5-bis(oxidanylidene)-1,2,4-triazin-2-yl]-2,6-bis(chloranyl)phenyl]-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanenitrile
 

Articles:

PubMed:Diclazuril Protects against Maternal Gastrointestinal Syndrome and Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
PubMed:Feed additives diclazuril and nicarbazin in egg and liver samples from Croatian farms.
PubMed:Development and validation of a multiresidue liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for 11 coccidiostats in feed.
PubMed:Proteomic analysis of the effect of diclazuril on second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella.
PubMed:Single-laboratory validation of a multiplex flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of coccidiostats in eggs and feed.
PubMed:Anticoccidial effects of a novel triazine nitromezuril in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Evaluating the resistance of eimeria spp. Field isolates to anticoccidial drugs using three different indices.
PubMed:Efficacy of toltrazuril 5 % suspension (Baycox®, Bayer) and diclazuril (Vecoxan®, Janssen-Cilag) in the control of Eimeria spp. in lambs.
PubMed:Determination of 20 coccidiostats in milk, duck muscle and non-avian muscle tissue using UHPLC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Nuclear translocation and accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase involved in diclazuril-induced apoptosis in Eimeria tenella (E. tenella).
PubMed:Lamb eimeriosis: applied treatment protocols in dairy sheep production systems.
PubMed:A novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase type 5 from second-generation merozoite of Eimeria tenella is associated with diclazuril-induced apoptosis.
PubMed:Metaphylactic effect of Diclazuril 0.25% in suckling beef calves, during a coccidiosis outbreak in extensive farming.
PubMed:Can the use of coccidiostats in poultry breeding lead to residues in vegetables? An experimental study.
PubMed:Anticoccidial activity of traditional Chinese herbal Dichroa febrifuga Lour. extract against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens.
PubMed:Development of a five-plex flow cytometric immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of six coccidiostats in feed and eggs.
PubMed:Receptor for activated C kinase ortholog of second-generation merozoite in Eimeria tenella: clone, characterization, and diclazuril-induced mRNA expression.
PubMed:Effects of anticoccidial and antibiotic growth promoter programs on broiler performance and immune status.
PubMed:Adjuvant effect of ginsenoside-based nanoparticles (ginsomes) on the recombinant vaccine against Eimeria tenella in chickens.
PubMed:Control strategies using diclazuril against coccidiosis in goat kids.
PubMed:Structure-based discovery of anti-influenza virus A compounds among medicines.
PubMed:Effect of the diclazuril on Hsp90 in the second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella.
PubMed:Development and validation of an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ionophoric and synthetic coccidiostats in vegetables.
PubMed:Development and validation of a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method for eleven coccidiostats in eggs.
PubMed:Determination of eleven coccidiostats in animal feed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry at cross contamination levels.
PubMed:[Determination of avermectin, diclazuril, toltrazuril and metabolite residues in pork by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Determination of diclazuril, toltrazuril and its two metabolites in poultry tissues and eggs by gel permeation chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:The efficacy of anticoccidial products against Eimeria spp. in northern bobwhites.
PubMed:Dose-response effects of diclazuril against pathogenic species of ovine coccidia and the development of protective immunity.
PubMed:Risk assessment of coccidostatics during feed cross-contamination: animal and human health aspects.
PubMed:Long-term effect of toltrazuril on growth performances of dairy heifers and beef calves exposed to natural Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis infections.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of doxycycline in broiler chickens pretreated with either: diclazuril or halofuginone.
PubMed:Multi-residue method for detecting coccidiostats at carry-over level in feed by HPLC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Eimeria tenella: effects of diclazuril treatment on microneme genes expression in second-generation merozoites and pathological changes of caeca in parasitized chickens.
PubMed:Histomorphometry and macroscopic intestinal lesions in broilers infected with Eimeria acervulina.
PubMed:Actin-depolymerizing factor of second-generation merozoite in Eimeria tenella: clone, prokaryotic expression, and diclazuril-induced mRNA expression.
PubMed:Effects of diclazuril on apoptosis and mitochondrial transmembrane potential in second-generation merozoites of Eimeria tenella.
PubMed:Sensitivity of isolates of Eimeria from turkey flocks to the anticoccidial drugs amprolium, clopidol, diclazuril, and monensin.
PubMed:[Comparison of pretreatment methods for the simultaneous determination of diclazuril and toltrazuril residues in chicken tissues].
PubMed:Study of the comparative efficacy of toltrazuril and diclazuril against ovine coccidiosis in housed lambs.
PubMed:Genotype comparison of sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli isolates from healthy broiler chickens from different commercial farms.
PubMed:Multi-residue confirmatory method for the determination of twelve coccidiostats in chicken liver using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Validation of a multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmatory method for 10 anticoccidials in eggs according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.
PubMed:Fast liquid chromatography/multiple-stage mass spectrometry of coccidiostats.
PubMed:Efficacy of toltrazuril (Baycox 5% suspension) in natural infections with pathogenic Eimeria spp. in housed lambs.
PubMed:Assessing the effect of diclazuril on the intestinal absorptive capacity of broilers infected with experimental coccidiosis, using d-xylose absorption test.
PubMed:Effect of subcutaneously administered diclazuril on the output of Eimeria species oocysts by experimentally infected rabbits.
PubMed:Comparison of three adjuvants used to produce polyclonal antibodies to veterinary drugs.
PubMed:The effect of a metaphylactic treatment with diclazuril (Vecoxan) on the oocyst excretion and growth performance of calves exposed to a natural Eimeria infection.
PubMed:Resistance to anticoccidial drugs of Dutch avian Eimeria spp. field isolates originating from 1996, 1999 and 2001.
PubMed:Use of antigen mimics to produce specific antibodies to anti-coccidial drugs.
PubMed:Efficacy of some anticoccidial drugs for treating coccidial enteritis of the common carp caused by Goussia carpelli (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).
PubMed:Efficacy of various anticoccidials against experimental porcine neonatal isosporosis.
PubMed:Higher incidence of Eimeria spp. field isolates sensitive for diclazuril and monensin associated with the use of live coccidiosis vaccination with paracox-5 in broiler farms.
PubMed:Increased level of Eimeria sensitivity to diclazuril after using a live coccidial vaccine.
PubMed:The efficacy and economic benefits of Supercox, a live anticoccidial vaccine in a commercial trial in broiler chickens in China.
PubMed:New therapeutic approaches for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: pharmacokinetics of diclazuril sodium salts in horses.
PubMed:Incidence of residues of nine anticoccidials in eggs.
PubMed:Deposition and depletion of five anticoccidials in eggs.
PubMed:[Comparison of the proteome of the sporutated oocysts of Eimeria tenella diclazuril sensitive strain with diclazuril resistant strain].
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of drinking water soluble diclazuril on experimental and field coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric determination of five coccidiostats in poultry eggs and feed.
PubMed:Epidemiology of Eimeria infections in an Austrian milking sheep flock and control with diclazuril.
PubMed:Detection of residues of the coccidiostat diclazuril in poultry tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after withdrawal of medicated feed.
PubMed:Efficient and sensitive detection of residues of nine coccidiostats in egg and muscle by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Control of coccidiosis in turkeys with diclazuril and monensin: effects upon performance and development of immunity to Eimeria species.
PubMed:Effects of a herbal complex against Eimeria tenella infection in chickens.
PubMed:Histopathological observations on the activity of diclazuril (Vecoxan) against the endogenous stages of Eimeria crandallis in sheep.
PubMed:Studies on the efficacy of toltrazuril, diclazuril and sulphadimidine against artificial infections with Isospora suis in piglets.
PubMed:[Simple determination of residual anticoccidial drugs (diclazuril and nicarbazin) in chicken tissues by HPLC].
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of diclazuril in animal plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:The use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 2. Immunity to Eimeria tenella challenge after drug withdrawal.
PubMed:The use of diclazuril in extended withdrawal anticoccidial programs: 1. Efficacy against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens.
PubMed:Activity of toltrazuril and diclazuril against Isospora species in kittens and puppies.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril in comparison with chemical and ionophorous anticoccidials against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens.
PubMed:In vitro quantitative analysis of (3)H-uracil incorporation by Sarcocytis neurona to determine efficacy of anti-protozoal agents.
PubMed:Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis.
PubMed:Diclazuril preventive therapy of gamma interferon knockout mice fed Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts.
PubMed:Scouring in lambs following treatment with Vecoxan.
PubMed:Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii.
PubMed:Determination of the activity of diclazuril against Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula in cell cultures.
PubMed:Diclazuril in the horse: its identification and detection and preliminary pharmacokinetics.
PubMed:Attempted chemoprophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in chickens, using diclazuril, toltrazuril, or garlic extract.
PubMed:Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Fiftieth report of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
PubMed:Scouring in lambs following treatment with Vecoxan.
PubMed:Economic benefits of prophylaxis with diclazuril against subclinical coccidiosis in lambs reared indoors.
PubMed:Residual activity of anticoccidial drugs in chickens after withdrawal of medicated feeds.
PubMed:Studies of resistance to anticoccidials in Eimeria field isolates and pure Eimeria strains.
PubMed:Treatment regimens for patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis.
PubMed:Investigation for the characteristic anticoccidial activity of diclazuril in battery trials.
PubMed:Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
PubMed:Intraspecific polymorphisms of Eimeria species due to resistance against anticoccidial drugs.
PubMed:Chemotherapy of human and animal coccidioses: state and perspectives.
PubMed:Ultrastructural effects of diclazuril against Toxoplasma gondii and investigation of a diclazuril-resistant mutant.
PubMed:Treatment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infections in mice with diclazuril or a combination of diclazuril and pyrimethamine.
PubMed:Use of diclazuril for the treatment of isosporiasis in patients with AIDS.
PubMed:[The effect of coccidiostats on the growth capacity and the survival ability of Salmonella live vaccine agents].
PubMed:Discontinuation of total parenteral nutrition in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a Canadian perspective.
PubMed:Sensitivity of avian Eimeria spp. to seven chemical and five ionophore anticoccidials in five Belgian integrated broiler operations.
PubMed:Resistance to diclazuril in field isolates of Eimeria species obtained from commercial broiler flocks in Brazil.
PubMed:Activity of diclazuril against Toxoplasma gondii in cultured cells and mice.
PubMed:Assessment of candidate anticryptosporidial agents in an immunosuppressed rat model.
PubMed:Determination of diclazuril in animal feed by liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in partridges.
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from turkey farms in the United States.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril against Eimeria dispersa in turkeys.
PubMed:Effect of diclazuril (Clinacox) on the development of protective immunity against Eimeria tenella: laboratory trial in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Diclazuril for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS.
PubMed:Evaluation of anticoccidial drugs in chicken embryos.
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from commercial poultry farms.
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in broilers under simulated natural conditions in floor pens.
PubMed:Diclazuril in the treatment of severe cryptosporidial diarrhoea in AIDS patients.
PubMed:Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril in pheasants.
PubMed:Diclazuril, a new broad-spectrum anticoccidial for chickens. 3. Floor-pen trials.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril in the control of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits.
PubMed:Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima: studies on the development of resistance to diclazuril and other anticoccidial drugs in the chicken.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril in the prevention and cure of intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril against turkey coccidiosis in a floor-pen experiment.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril against turkey coccidiosis in dose-titration studies.
PubMed:Diclazuril for Isospora belli infection in AIDS.
PubMed:Efficacy of diclazuril against robenidine resistant Eimeria magna in rabbits.
PubMed:Effects of treatment of lambs with a probiotic, containing lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:Diclazuril, a new broad spectrum anticoccidial drug in chickens. 2. Battery trials.
PubMed:Diclazuril, a new broad spectrum anticoccidial drug in chickens. 1. Dose titration studies and pilot floor pen trials.
PubMed:Ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of diclazuril on the endogenous stages of Eimeria maxima and E. brunetti in experimentally inoculated chickens.
PubMed:In vivo action of the anticoccidial diclazuril (Clinacox) on the developmental stages of Eimeria tenella: an ultrastructural evaluation.
PubMed:In vivo action of the anticoccidial diclazuril (Clinacox) on the developmental stages of Eimeria tenella: a histological study.
 
Notes:
None found
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