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Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 125.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Flash Point: | 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 0.247 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 555.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | special dietary and nutritional additives |
| Recommendation for taurocholic acid usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for taurocholic acid flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):81-24-3 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6675 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| 2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1 |
| Chemidplus:0000081243 |
References:
| | 2-[[(4R)-4-[(3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1 |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 6675 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134972658 |
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | cholic acid taurine conjugate | | | taurocholate |
Articles:
| PubMed:Optimization of extraction efficiency by shear emulsifying assisted enzymatic hydrolysis and functional properties of dietary fiber from deoiled cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). |
| PubMed:Selective factors governing in vitro β-carotene bioaccessibility: negative influence of low filtration cutoffs and alterations by emulsifiers and food matrices. |
| PubMed:Diet supplementation with cholic acid promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation in rats exposed to γ-radiation. |
| PubMed:Host intestinal signal-promoted biofilm dispersal induces Vibrio cholerae colonization. |
| PubMed:Functional role of tlyC1 encoding a hemolysin-like protein from Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 in bile tolerance. |
| PubMed:Bile salts at the air-water interface: adsorption and desorption. |
| PubMed:Characterization, phylogenetic affiliation and probiotic properties of high cell density Lactobacillus strains recovered from silage. |
| PubMed:Quercetin-3-rhamnoglucoside (rutin) stimulates transport of organic anion compounds mediated by organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1. |
| PubMed:Olfactory transduction pathways in the Senegalese sole Solea senegalensis. |
| PubMed:Intestinal transport of methylmercury and inorganic mercury in various models of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. |
| PubMed:Factors affecting adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to Caco-2 cells and inhibitory effect on infection of Salmonella typhimurium. |
| PubMed:Rectal taurocholate increases L cell and insulin secretion, and decreases blood glucose and food intake in obese type 2 diabetic volunteers. |
| PubMed:Survival, acid and bile tolerance, and surface hydrophobicity of microencapsulated B. animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 during storage at room temperature. |
| PubMed:In vitro evaluation of intestinal fluoride absorption using different cell models. |
| PubMed:Effect of tween series on growth and Cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid production of Lactobacillus acidophilus F0221 in the presence of bile salts. |
| PubMed:Chemical composition and bile acid binding activity of products obtained from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) seeds. |
| PubMed:Cholesterol-lowering activity of the major polyphenols in grape seed. |
| PubMed:A sensitive method for qualitative screening of bile salt hydrolase-active lactobacilli based on thin-layer chromatography. |
| PubMed:Bile acid-binding ability of kaki-tannin from young fruits of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) in vitro and in vivo. |
| PubMed:Effect of food components and dosing times on the oral pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats. |
| PubMed:Bile salt deconjugation and cholesterol removal from media by Lactobacillus strains used as probiotics in chickens. |
| PubMed:The probiotic properties of Lactobacillus buchneri P2. |
| PubMed:In vitro bile acid binding and short-chain fatty acid profile of flax fiber and ethanol co-products. |
| PubMed:Role of transporter proteins in bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus. |
| PubMed:An improved method of microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria for their stability in acidic and bile conditions during storage. |
| PubMed:Effect of various encapsulating materials on the stability of probiotic bacteria. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of the probiotic characteristics of newly isolated lactic acid bacteria. |
| PubMed:In vitro methods can forecast the effects of intragastric residence on dosage form performance. |
| PubMed:Acid, bile, and heat tolerance of free and microencapsulated probiotic bacteria. |
| PubMed:Development of simulated intestinal fluids containing nutrients as transport media in the Caco-2 cell culture model: assessment of cell viability, monolayer integrity and transport of a poorly aqueous soluble drug and a substrate of efflux mechanisms. |
| PubMed:Involvement of carrier-mediated transport system in uptake of tetrodotoxin into liver tissue slices of puffer fish Takifugu rubripes. |
| PubMed:Effects of dietary taurocholate, fat and protein on the storage and metabolism of dietary beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in ferrets. |
| PubMed:Bile-mediated aminoglycoside sensitivity in Lactobacillus species likely results from increased membrane permeability attributable to cholic acid. |
| PubMed:The effect of antibiotic and probiotic combination therapy on secondary pancreatic infections and oxidative stress parameters in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. |
| PubMed:Levels of thermostable direct hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 and other serovars grown anaerobically with the presence of a bile acid. |
| PubMed:A physicochemical investigation of two phosphatidylcholine/bile salt interfaces: implications for lipase activation. |
| PubMed:Behavior of alginate gel beads containing chitosan salt prepared with water-soluble vitamins. |
| PubMed:Combination of lipids and emulsifiers enhances the absorption of orally administered quercetin in rats. |
| PubMed:pH-dependent interaction of fumonisin B1 with cholesterol: physicochemical and molecular modeling studies at the air-water interface. |
| PubMed:Bile salt hydrolase activity of Enterococci isolated from food: screening and quantitative determination. |
| PubMed:Identification of novel hypocholesterolemic peptides derived from bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin. |
| PubMed:Duodenogastric reflux and foregut carcinogenesis: analysis of duodenal juice in a rodent model of cancer. |
| PubMed:Cholestyramine protection against ochratoxin A toxicity: role of ochratoxin A sorption by the resin and bile acid enterohepatic circulation. |
| PubMed:Soy protein peptic hydrolysate with bound phospholipids decreases micellar solubility and cholesterol absorption in rats and caco-2 cells. |
| PubMed:Effects of acute physical exercise on hepatocyte volume and function in rat. |
| PubMed:Deglycosylation of flavonoid and isoflavonoid glycosides by human small intestine and liver beta-glucosidase activity. |
| PubMed:Is the pig a good animal model for studying the human ileal brake? |
| PubMed:Effects of medium-chain fatty acids and their acylglycerols on the transport of penicillin V across Caco-2 cell monolayers. |
| PubMed:Gastric antrectomy with selective gastric vagotomy does not influence gallbladder motility during interdigestive and postprandial periods. |
| PubMed:Evidence for dual effect of bile acids on thymidine anabolism and catabolism by the regenerating rat liver. |
| PubMed:Nutritional state and the swelling-induced inhibition of proteolysis in perfused rat liver. |
| PubMed:Estimation of the increase in solubility of drugs as a function of bile salt concentration. |
| PubMed:Microbial degradation of taurine in fecal cultures from cats given commercial and purified diets. |
| PubMed:Factors that affect the performance of lipase on fat digestion and absorption in a canine model of pancreatic insufficiency. |
| PubMed:Studies on the mechanism of intestinal passage of the food comutagen harman, in the rabbit. |
| PubMed:Influence of dietary taurine on vitamin D absorption. |
| PubMed:Chronic physical activity alters hepatobiliary excretory function in rats. |
| PubMed:Localization and characterization of hemoglobin-degrading aspartic proteinases from the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. |
| PubMed:The effects of acute and chronic administration of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ethanol-induced gastric haemorrhage in rats. |
| PubMed:Sex pheromones selectively stimulate the medial olfactory tracts of male goldfish. |
| PubMed:Jejunal mucosal injury and restitution: role of hydrolytic products of food digestion. |
| PubMed:Bile acid conjugation pattern in the isolated perfused rat liver during infusion of an amino acid formulation. |
| PubMed:Comparison of nonabsorbable markers Poly R-478 and [14C]PEG-4,000 for use in developmental absorption studies. |
| PubMed:Feeding diets containing 2% cheno- or urso-deoxycholic acid or cholestyramine to rats for two weeks alters intestinal morphology and bile acid absorption. |
| PubMed:Treatment of established taurocholate-induced chronic erosive gastritis in rats with cimetidine. |
| PubMed:Effect of oryzanol on cholesterol absorption & biliary & fecal bile acids in rats. |
| PubMed:Effect of dietary proteins and/or their digestive products on intestinal taurocholate absorption. |
| PubMed:Serum unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| PubMed:Interactions between hemolytic saponins, bile salts and small intestinal mucosa in the rat. |
| PubMed:Subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in poultry feeds and their effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, and bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase activity. |
| PubMed:Parenteral nutrition: short term effects on hepatic clearance of sodium taurocholate and indocyanine green. |
| PubMed:Effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide on total parenteral nutrition-induced changes in hepatic bile secretion and composition in the rat. |
| PubMed:Chemoreception of taurocholate in anosmic and sham-operated cod, Gadus morhua. |
| PubMed:Effect of the histamine-H2 antagonist cimetidine on meal-stimulated biliary secretion in dogs. |
| PubMed:Enhancing effect of bile and bile acid on stomach tumorigenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. |
| PubMed:Action of ethanol on gastrin release in the dog. |
| PubMed:Effect of fat retention on the rachitogenic effect of rye fed to broiler chicks. |
| PubMed:Diagnostic value of serum primary bile acids in detecting bile acid malabsorption. |
| PubMed:Binding of bile salts to fibre-enriched wheat bran. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of basal and meal-stimulated choleresis by somatostatin. |
| PubMed:Bile production in fasted and fed primates. |
| PubMed:In virto adsorption of bile salts to food residues, salicylazosulfapyridine, and hemicellulose. |
| PubMed:Taurocholate metabolism after truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty or antral resection. |
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the product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. it acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. it is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic. Emulsifier in foods
Taurocholic acid is a bile acid and is the product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depends only on presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. ; Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. ; Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH and, consequently, require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g., membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues. (PMID: 11316487, 16037564, 12576301, 11907135); Taurocholic acid, as with all bile acids, acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic (a bile purging agent). Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine, a nonessential amino acid.; Taurocholic acid is one of the main components of urinary nonsulfated bile acids in biliary atresia. Raised levels of the bile acid taurocholate in the fetal serum in obstetric cholestasis may result in the development of a fetal dysrhythmia and in sudden intra-uterine death. (PMID: 3944741, 11256973); Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic.
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3D/inchi