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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for clivorine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for clivorine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| (8?,12S,13S,14Z)-12- | acetoxy-4-methyl-11,16-dioxo-14,21-didehydrosenecionan-4-ium-8-olate | | | senecionanium, 12-(acetyloxy)-14,15,20,21-tetradehydro-15,20-dihydro-8-hydroxy-4-methyl-11,16-dioxo-, (8-xi,12-beta,14-Z)- |
Articles:
| PubMed:Differential induction of apoptosis and autophagy by pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine in human hepatoma Huh-7.5 cells and its toxic implication. |
| PubMed:Clivorine, an otonecine pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Ligularia species, impairs neuronal differentiation via NGF-induced signaling pathway in cultured PC12 cells. |
| PubMed:The involvement of p62-Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidative signaling pathway and JNK in the protection of natural flavonoid quercetin against hepatotoxicity. |
| PubMed:Quercetin prevents pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced liver injury in mice by elevating body defense capacity. |
| PubMed:Assessment of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced toxicity in an in vitro screening model. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts as a common biological biomarker of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced tumorigenicity. |
| PubMed:The gender-dependent difference of liver GSH antioxidant system in mice and its influence on isoline-induced liver injury. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine induced oxidative injury on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced oxidative stress injury in human normal liver L-02 cells. |
| PubMed:Protective mechanisms of N-acetyl-cysteine against pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced hepatotoxicity. |
| PubMed:Protection of epidermal growth factor against clivorine-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Protection of S-adenosyl methionine against the toxicity of clivorine on hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Involvement of Bcl-xL degradation and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of the prototype heliotridine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, heliotrine. |
| PubMed:The toxic effect of pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine on the human embryonic kidney 293 cells and its primary mechanism. |
| PubMed:Intracellular glutathione plays important roles in pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine-induced toxicity on L-02 hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:In vitro metabolism of isoline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Ligularia duciformis, by rodent liver microsomal esterase and enhanced hepatotoxicity by esterase inhibitors. |
| PubMed:Deacetylclivorine: a gender-selective metabolite of clivorine formed in female Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes. |
| PubMed:Formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from metabolic activation of the prototype heliotridine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid, lasiocarpine. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine induces apoptosis in human normal liver L-02 cells and reduces the expression of p53 protein. |
| PubMed:Metabolic formation of DHP-derived DNA adducts from a representative otonecine type pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine and the extract of Ligularia hodgsonnii hook. |
| PubMed:Gender differences in microsomal metabolic activation of hepatotoxic clivorine in rat. |
| PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine inhibits human normal liver L-02 cells growth and activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in L-02 cells. |
| PubMed:Species differences in the in vitro metabolic activation of the hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous analysis of clivorine and its four microsomal metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Characterization of rat liver microsomal metabolites of clivorine, an hepatotoxic otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid. |
| PubMed:Characterization of two structural forms of otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Ligularia hodgsonii by NMR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Microsomal formation of a pyrrolic alcohol glutathione conjugate of clivorine. Firm evidence for the formation of a pyrrolic metabolite of an otonecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid. |
| PubMed:A quantitative investigation of the transannular amine-ketone (N...C=O) interaction in medium-sized heterocycles. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity of a variety of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test using rat, mouse, and hamster hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:CArcinogenic activity of clivorine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Ligularia dentata. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test. |
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3D/inchi