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cyanidin-3-glucoside
cyanidin 3-O-glucoside

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Name:(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
CAS Number: 7084-24-4Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:230-384-7
FDA UNII: 8X15R84UEM
MDL:MFCD27665410
Molecular Weight:484.84157000
Formula:C21 H21 Cl O11
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 744.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride; Chrysanthemin 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Kuromanin chloride
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Kuromanin chloride (HPLC) ≥96%
Glentham Life Sciences
Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Kuromanin chloride
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Kuromanin chloride ≥95% (HPLC)
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 2000 mg/kg
United States Patent Document. Vol. #4229439

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for cyanidin-3-glucoside usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for cyanidin-3-glucoside flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :197081
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
Chemidplus:0007084244
 
References:
 (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):197081
Pubchem (sid):135175571
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C08604
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB30684
FooDB:FDB002603
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB01660
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Wikipedia2:View2
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 asparagus shoot
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 barley leaf
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 basil
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 bean black bean seed
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 bean mung bean seed
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 bilberry
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 bilberry fruit
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 bilberry leaf
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 black gram
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 blueberry leaf
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 carrot tissue culture
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 cherry sour cherry
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 cherry sour cherry fruit
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 cherry sour cherry stem
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 chicory leaf
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 chive stem
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 corn leaf
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 corn pericarp
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 corn seed
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 cotton flower
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 cranberry fruit
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 currant black currant fruit
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 elder black elder fruit
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 fig
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 flax flower
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 garlic
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 garlic bulb
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 ginger rhizome
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 gooseberry fruit
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 grape fruit
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 grape leaf
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 olive fruit
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 olive pericarp
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 onion
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 orange
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 orange fruit
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 passion fruit
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 pea
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 peach fruit
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 pomegranate fruit
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 pomegranate fruit juice
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 raspberry red raspberry
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 raspberry red raspberry fruit
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 rhubarb leaf
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 rice plant
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 rose hips
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 roselle calyx
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 soybean seed
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 sunflower
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 tamarind
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 wheat
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Synonyms:
 asterin
1-benzopyrylium, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-, chloride
1-benzopyrylium, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-, chloride
 chrysanthemin (6CI,8CI)
 chrysontemin
 cyanidin 3-glucoside
 cyanidin 3-monoglucoside
 cyanidin 3-O-glucoside
 cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride
 cyanidine 3-glucoside
 cyanidol 3-glucoside
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-1-benzopyrylium chloride
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
 glucocyanidin
 kuromanin
 kuromanin chloride
 

Articles:

PubMed:Genetic Variability in Anthocyanin Composition and Nutritional Properties of Blue, Purple, and Red Bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and Durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. turgidum convar. durum) Wheats.
PubMed:Plant food anthocyanins inhibit platelet granule secretion in hypercholesterolaemia: Involving the signalling pathway of PI3K-Akt.
PubMed:New technique to isolate anthocyanins from Delaware grapes by forming an aluminium complex using a Discovery DPA-6S.
PubMed:Variation in the bioactive compound content at three ripening stages of strawberry fruit.
PubMed:Antioxidant activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of Brazilian blueberries.
PubMed:Understanding the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin binding to pectin.
PubMed:Antioxidant activity and protein-polyphenol interactions in a pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) yogurt.
PubMed:Combined effect of pH and high temperature on the stability and antioxidant capacity of two anthocyanins in aqueous solution.
PubMed:The protective effects of berry-derived anthocyanins against visible light-induced damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.
PubMed:Photoprotection by foliar anthocyanins mitigates effects of boron toxicity in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum).
PubMed:[Cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuates body weight gain, serum lipid concentrations and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats].
PubMed:Phenolic compounds, organic acids and antioxidant activity of grape juices produced from new Brazilian varieties planted in the Northeast Region of Brazil.
PubMed:Investigation of Anthocyanin Profile of Four Elderberry Species and Interspecific Hybrids.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside protects primary mouse hepatocytes against high glucose-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial dysfunction and the PI3K/Akt pathway.
PubMed:Effects of soluble and insoluble fractions from bilberries, black currants, and raspberries on short-chain fatty acid formation, anthocyanin excretion, and cholesterol in rats.
PubMed:Phenolic compounds and carotenoids from four fruits native from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
PubMed:Some Anthocyanins Could Be Efficiently Absorbed across the Gastrointestinal Mucosa: Extensive Presystemic Metabolism Reduces Apparent Bioavailability.
PubMed:Nutraceutical value of yellow- and red-fleshed South African plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.): evaluation of total antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition.
PubMed:Novel oxidation products of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside with 2,2'-azobis-(2,4-dimethyl)valeronitrile and evaluation of anthocyanin content and its oxidation in black rice.
PubMed:In vitro antioxidant properties and anthocyanin compositions of elderberry extracts.
PubMed:Anthocyanin structure determines susceptibility to microbial degradation and bioavailability to the buccal mucosa.
PubMed:Anthocyanins, phenolic acids and antioxidant properties of Juçara fruits (Euterpe edulis M.) along the on-tree ripening process.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside modulates intracellular redox status and prevents HIF-1 stabilization in endothelial cells in vitro exposed to chronic hypoxia.
PubMed:Effect of frozen storage on the anthocyanins and phenolic components of pomegranate juice.
PubMed:Studies on the preparative isolation and stability of seven main anthocyanins from Yan 73 grape.
PubMed:Isolation of cyanidin 3-glucoside from blue honeysuckle fruits by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
PubMed:Inhibition of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by anthocyanins from defatted Canarium odontophyllum pericarp and peel using in vitro bioassays.
PubMed:Anthocyanin profiles and biological properties of caneberry (Rubus spp.) press residues.
PubMed:Antioxidative and cardioprotective properties of anthocyanins from defatted dabai extracts.
PubMed:Monte Carlo modelling of non-isothermal degradation of two cyanidin-based anthocyanins in aqueous system at high temperatures and its impact on antioxidant capacities.
PubMed:Cool-cultivated red leaf lettuce accumulates cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-glucoside and caffeoylmalic acid.
PubMed:Metabolomic analysis and differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in white- and red-flowered buckwheat cultivars (Fagopyrum esculentum).
PubMed:Black rice and anthocyanins induce inhibition of cholesterol absorption in vitro.
PubMed:Examination of molecular mechanism for the enhanced thermal stability of anthocyanins by metal cations and polysaccharides.
PubMed:Phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains at four stages of development after flowering.
PubMed:Nutraceutical properties of flour and tortillas made with an ecological nixtamalization process.
PubMed:Characterisation of phenolic compounds in wild fruits from Northeastern Portugal.
PubMed:Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of black mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).
PubMed:Comparison of inhibitory activities and mechanisms of five mulberry plant bioactive components against α-glucosidase.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside counters the response to TNF-alpha of endothelial cells by activating Nrf2 pathway.
PubMed:Phytochemical profiles of black, red, brown, and white rice from the Camargue region of France.
PubMed:Antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of methylated metabolites of anthocyanins.
PubMed:Phytochemical profile of a Japanese black-purple rice.
PubMed:Approaches to understanding the contribution of anthocyanins to the antioxidant capacity of pasteurized pomegranate juices.
PubMed:Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction for anthocyanins, polyphenols, and antioxidants from raspberry (Rubus Coreanus Miq.) using response surface methodology.
PubMed:Effects of baking on cyanidin-3-glucoside content and antioxidant properties of black and yellow soybean crackers.
PubMed:Anthocyanins profile, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of black currant ethanolic extracts as influenced by genotype and ethanol concentration.
PubMed:Postharvest stilbenes and flavonoids enrichment of table grape cv Redglobe (Vitis vinifera L.) as affected by interactive UV-C exposure and storage conditions.
PubMed:Dietary supplementation with purified mulberry (Morus australis Poir) anthocyanins suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice.
PubMed:Chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferation activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers.
PubMed:Supplementation of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside promotes endothelial repair and prevents enhanced atherogenesis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
PubMed:Effects of anthocyanins on the AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in human hepatocytes and human cancer cell lines.
PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-fatigue effects of anthocyanins of mulberry juice purification (MJP) and mulberry marc purification (MMP) from different varieties mulberry fruit in China.
PubMed:Different spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies on the interaction between cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and bovine serum albumin.
PubMed:Comparative study of anthocyanin and volatile compounds content of four varieties of Mexican roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by multivariable analysis.
PubMed:Antioxidant capacity, quality, and anthocyanin and nutrient contents of several peach cultivars [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grown in Spain.
PubMed:Color, phenolics, and antioxidant activity of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth.), and apple wines from Ecuador.
PubMed:Thermodynamics and kinetics of cyanidin 3-glucoside and caffeine copigments.
PubMed:Cultivar based selection and genetic analysis of strawberry fruits with high levels of health promoting compounds.
PubMed:Fruit quality and bioactive compounds relevant to human health of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars grown in Italy.
PubMed:Protection of cyanidin-3-glucoside against oxidative stress induced by acrylamide in human MDA-MB-231 cells.
PubMed:Black soybean seed coat extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice.
PubMed:Characterisation of phenolic compounds in South African plum fruits (Prunus salicina Lindl.) using HPLC coupled with diode-array, fluorescence, mass spectrometry and on-line antioxidant detection.
PubMed:Efficient quantification of the health-relevant anthocyanin and phenolic acid profiles in commercial cultivars and breeding selections of blueberries ( Vaccinium spp.).
PubMed:Identification of antimutagenic properties of anthocyanins and other polyphenols from rose (Rosa centifolia) petals and tea.
PubMed:Chemical composition of two different extracts of berries harvested in Serbia.
PubMed:Bioactive and marker compounds from two edible dark-colored Myrciaria fruits and the synthesis of jaboticabin.
PubMed:Anthocyanins in the ripe fruits of Rubus coreanus Miquel and their protective effect on neuronal PC-12 cells.
PubMed:Ellagic acid derivatives, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins and other phenolics, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of two powder products from camu-camu fruit (Myrciaria dubia).
PubMed:Antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins from Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) and identification of the major anthocyanins.
PubMed:Color and chemical stability of a variety of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in solution and powder forms.
PubMed:Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins from blueberry-blackberry fermented beverages inhibit markers of inflammation in macrophages and carbohydrate-utilizing enzymes in vitro.
PubMed:Effects of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) in combination with lactic acid bacteria on intestinal oxidative stress induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mouse.
PubMed:Hypolipidaemic effects of cyanidin 3-glucoside rich extract from black rice through regulating hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities.
PubMed:Anthocyanin-rich purple wheat prolongs the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans probably by activating the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor.
PubMed:Differential effects of black currant anthocyanins on diffuser- or negative lens-induced ocular elongation in chicks.
PubMed:A review on structure-activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting α-amylase.
PubMed:Assessment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaves.
PubMed:Different phenolic compounds activate distinct human bitter taste receptors.
PubMed:Anthocyanins suppress the cleavable complex formation by irinotecan and diminish its DNA-strand-breaking activity in the colon of Wistar rats.
PubMed:Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of litchi (Litchi Chinensis Sonn.) fruit pericarp from different commercially available cultivars.
PubMed:Phenolic compounds and bioactivities of pigmented rice.
PubMed:Purple corn color inhibition of prostate carcinogenesis by targeting cell growth pathways.
PubMed:Total polyphenols, catechin profiles and antioxidant activity of tea products from purple leaf coloured tea cultivars.
PubMed:Juice, pulp and seeds fractionated from dry climate primocane raspberry cultivars (Rubus idaeus) have significantly different antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin content and color.
PubMed:Antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin profile of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice.
PubMed:Anti-oxidative analysis, and identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in different coloured rice.
PubMed:Potential of fruit wastes as natural resources of bioactive compounds.
PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) extracts on hydrogen peroxide- and lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 macrophages.
PubMed:Metabolite profiling of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) and other dark-colored fruit juices.
PubMed:Phytochemicals in fruits of two Prunus domestica L. plum cultivars during ripening.
PubMed:Optimization of the Extraction of Anthocyanins from the Fruit Skin of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk and Identification of Anthocyanins in the Extract Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS).
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside induces oxysterol efflux from endothelial cells: role of liver X receptor alpha.
PubMed:Color, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) wines.
PubMed:Anthocyanin-rich black currant extract and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside have cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin, exhibits antilipolytic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during hyperglycemia: involvement of FoxO1-mediated transcription of adipose triglyceride lipase.
PubMed:Synergistic inhibition of interleukin-6 production in adipose stem cells by tart cherry anthocyanins and atorvastatin.
PubMed:The health benefits of blackcurrants.
PubMed:Accumulation of phenylpropanoids and correlated gene expression during the development of tartary buckwheat sprouts.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside upregulates hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression and reduces hypercholesterolemia in mice.
PubMed:Composition of pomegranate juice.
PubMed:Antioxidant activities and major anthocyanins of Myrobalan plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.).
PubMed:High performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and corresponding juices.
PubMed:A new approach on the gastric absorption of anthocyanins.
PubMed:HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis of flavonoid compounds in 5 seedless table grapes grown in Apulian Region.
PubMed:Phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of Polish blue-berried honeysuckle genotypes by HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC postcolumn derivatization with ABTS or FC, and TLC with DPPH visualization.
PubMed:Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from mulberry and identification of anthocyanins in extract using HPLC-ESI-MS.
PubMed:Phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity of colored maize (Zea mays L.) kernels.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside regulates fatty acid metabolism via an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent signaling pathway in human HepG2 cells.
PubMed:Effect of mixing time, freeze-drying and baking on phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of raspberry juice during processing of muffins.
PubMed:Antioxidant activity-guided fractionation of blue wheat (UC66049 Triticum aestivum L.).
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-glucoside-rich extract from Chinese bayberry fruit protects pancreatic β cells and ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
PubMed:Physical changes and physiological characteristics of red and green peel during nectarine (cv. Hu018) maturation.
PubMed:Comparison of flavonoid composition of red raspberries ( Rubus idaeus L.) grown in the southern United States.
PubMed:Anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenolic-enriched red raspberry extract in an antigen-induced arthritis rat model.
PubMed:Determination of cyanidin-3-glucoside (red kernel food colour) in beverages by high performance liquid chromatography and a study of its degradation by quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Variations in antioxidant properties of strawberries grown in Brazilian savannah and harvested in different seasons.
PubMed:Antiradical properties of red wine portisins.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and protocatechuic acid exert insulin-like effects by upregulating PPARγ activity in human omental adipocytes.
PubMed:Effect of black currant anthocyanins on the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in vitro in human endothelial cells.
PubMed:A black soybean seed coat extract prevents obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet-fed mice.
PubMed:Composition and stability of anthocyanins from purple Solanum tuberosum and their protective influence on Cr(VI) targeted to bovine serum albumin.
PubMed:Soluble and bound phenolic compounds in different Bolivian purple corn ( Zea mays L.) cultivars.
PubMed:Identification of cyanidin 3-O-β-(6″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucoside) and other anthocyanins from wild and cultivated blackberries.
PubMed:Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juices: chemical composition, micronutrient cations, and antioxidant capacity.
PubMed:Anthocyanin-rich blackberry extract suppresses the DNA-damaging properties of topoisomerase I and II poisons in colon carcinoma cells.
PubMed:Phenolics in Slovenian bilberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.).
PubMed:Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in seed coats of 60 Chinese black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) varieties.
PubMed:Cyanidin 3-glucoside attenuates obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed and db/db mice via the transcription factor FoxO1.
PubMed:Purple corn anthocyanins dampened high-glucose-induced mesangial fibrosis and inflammation: possible renoprotective role in diabetic nephropathy.
PubMed:Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in rice brans of different color.
PubMed:The effect of postharvest ripening on strawberry bioactive composition and antioxidant potential.
PubMed:Rapid methods to determine procyanidins, anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine in rat tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Assessment of the antibacterial activity and the antidiarrheal function of flavonoids from bayberry fruit.
PubMed:Effect of processing of black currant press-residue on polyphenol composition and cell proliferation.
PubMed:Anthocyanin-derived phenolic acids form glucuronides following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside improves obesity and triglyceride metabolism in KK-Ay mice by regulating lipoprotein lipase activity.
PubMed:Uncommonly high levels of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity in the leaf sheaths of dye sorghum.
PubMed:Switching to black rice diets modulates low-density lipoprotein oxidation and lipid measurements in rabbits.
PubMed:Effect of jam processing and storage on total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanins of different fruits.
PubMed:Antioxidants and antioxidant activity of several pigmented rice brans.
PubMed:Characterization and quantification of polyphenols in Amazon grape (Pourouma cecropiifolia Martius).
PubMed:Solar UVB response of bioactives in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. L.): a comparison of protected and open-field cultivation.
PubMed:In vitro synthesis of betaxanthins using recombinant DOPA 4,5-dioxygenase and evaluation of their radical-scavenging activities.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside protection against TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction: involvement of nuclear factor-κB signaling.
PubMed:Colonic metabolites of berry polyphenols: the missing link to biological activity?
PubMed:Effects of grape pomace antioxidant extract on oxidative stress and inflammation in diet induced obese mice.
PubMed:Effects of concentration prior to cold-stabilization on anthocyanin stability in concord grape juice.
PubMed:Phenolics in the seed coat of wild soybean (Glycine soja) and their significance for seed hardness and seed germination.
PubMed:Inhibition of pro-inflammatory responses and antioxidant capacity of Mexican blackberry (Rubus spp.) extracts.
PubMed:Maintaining quality of litchi fruit with acidified calcium sulfate.
PubMed:Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of black rice bran of different commercially available varieties.
PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in wild and domesticated Mexican blackberries (Rubus spp.).
PubMed:Bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) extract reduces cultured Hep-G2, Caco-2, and 3T3-L1 cell viability, affects cell cycle progression, and has variable effects on membrane permeability.
PubMed:Influence of cultivation system on bioactive molecules synthesis in strawberries: spin-off on antioxidant and antiproliferative activity.
PubMed:Bioavailability of strawberry antioxidants in human subjects.
PubMed:Microencapsulation by spray-drying of anthocyanin pigments from Corozo ( Bactris guineensis) fruit.
PubMed:Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on yield, antioxidant capacities, and phytochemical contents of greenhouse grown lettuces.
PubMed:Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) seeds and skins.
PubMed:Effect of phenolic compounds on the formation of alpha-aminoadipic and gamma-glutamic semialdehydes from myofibrillar proteins oxidized by copper, iron, and myoglobin.
PubMed:Modeling relationships among active components in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) fruit extracts using high-resolution (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis.
PubMed:Influence of anthocyanins, derivative pigments and other catechol and pyrogallol-type phenolics on breast cancer cell proliferation.
PubMed:Spectral alteration and degradation of cyanidin-3-glucoside exposed to pulsed electric field.
PubMed:Antimicrobial action of the American cranberry constituents; phenolics, anthocyanins, and organic acids, against Escherichia coli O157:H7.
PubMed:Neuroprotective effects of cyanidin 3-O-glucopyranoside on amyloid beta (25-35) oligomer-induced toxicity.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of anthocyanins in yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis L.) by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) analysis.
PubMed:Constitutive expression of the maize genes B1 and C1 in transgenic Hi II maize results in differential tissue pigmentation and generates resistance to Helicoverpa zea.
PubMed:Inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation by Nagano purple grape (Vitis viniferaxVitis labrusca).
PubMed:Stability of meoru (Vitis coignetiea) anthocyanins under photochemically produced singlet oxygen by riboflavin.
PubMed:Protective effect of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extracts on cultured human corneal limbal epithelial cells (HCLEC).
PubMed:An examination of anthocyanins' and anthocyanidins' affinity for cannabinoid receptors.
PubMed:HPLC-MS analysis of proanthocyanidin oligomers and other phenolics in 15 strawberry cultivars.
PubMed:Blood orange juice inhibits fat accumulation in mice.
PubMed:Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of four anthocyanins in human plasma after black currant anthocyanins ingestion.
PubMed:Use of accurate mass full scan mass spectrometry for the analysis of anthocyanins in berries and berry-fed tissues.
PubMed:Effect of the novel radiant zone drying method on anthocyanins and phenolics of three blueberry liquids.
PubMed:Antioxidant properties, phytochemical composition, and antiproliferative activity of Maryland-grown soybeans with colored seed coats.
PubMed:Metabolism of cyanidin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside isolated from black colored rice and its antiscratching behavioral effect in mice.
PubMed:Improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential in mice consuming sour cherry juice (Prunus Cerasus cv. Maraska).
PubMed:Phytochemical profiles of different mulberry (Morus sp.) species from China.
PubMed:Anthocyanins and color degradation in ozonated grape juice.
PubMed:Chemical composition and phenolic compound profile of mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth).
PubMed:Tissue distribution of anthocyanins in rats fed a blackberry anthocyanin-enriched diet.
PubMed:The bioactivity of dietary anthocyanins is likely to be mediated by their degradation products.
PubMed:Determination of anthocyanins, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in Andes Berry (Rubus glaucus Benth).
PubMed:Stability of black raspberry anthocyanins in the digestive tract lumen and transport efficiency into gastric and small intestinal tissues in the rat.
PubMed:Effect of glucuronosylation on anthocyanin color stability.
PubMed:A comprehensive study of anthocyanin-containing extracts from selected blackberry cultivars: extraction methods, stability, anticancer properties and mechanisms.
PubMed:pH-dependent interaction of rhodopsin with cyanidin-3-glucoside. 2. Functional aspects.
PubMed:Influence of cooking on anthocyanins in black rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica var. SBR).
PubMed:Isolation and structural identification of the anthocyanin components of red kiwifruit.
PubMed:Viscous food matrix influences absorption and excretion but not metabolism of blackcurrant anthocyanins in rats.
PubMed:Anthocyanin content, lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory activities of sweet and sour cherries.
PubMed:Bog blueberry anthocyanins alleviate photoaging in ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced human dermal fibroblasts.
PubMed:pH-dependent interaction of rhodopsin with cyanidin-3-glucoside. 1. Structural aspects.
PubMed:Eugenia jambolana Lam. berry extract inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human breast cancer but not non-tumorigenic breast cells.
PubMed:Anthocyanin composition and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) of milled and pearled purple, black, and common barley.
PubMed:Enzymatic hemisynthesis of metabolites and conjugates of anthocyanins.
PubMed:Constituents and antimicrobial properties of blue honeysuckle: a novel source for phenolic antioxidants.
PubMed:A comparison of two determination methods for studying degradation kinetics of the major anthocyanins from blood orange.
PubMed:Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside extracted from wild mulberry (Morus nigra L.) in rats.
PubMed:Principal component regression analysis of the relation between CIELAB color and monomeric anthocyanins in young Cabernet Sauvignon wines.
PubMed:Fractionation of blue wheat anthocyanin compounds and their contribution to antioxidant properties.
PubMed:Corn husk as a potential source of anthocyanins.
PubMed:Singlet oxygen quenching by anthocyanin's flavylium cations.
PubMed:Screening of the antioxidant and nutritional properties, phenolic contents and proteins of five durian cultivars.
PubMed:Oxidation of skeletal muscle myofibrillar proteins in oil-in-water emulsions: interaction with lipids and effect of selected phenolic compounds.
PubMed:Composition and thermal stability of anthocyanins from chinese purple corn ( Zea mays L.).
PubMed:Anthocyanin Interactions with DNA: Intercalation, Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Oxidative Reactions.
PubMed:Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in grapes by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS on a semimicro separation scale.
PubMed:Phenolic compounds and chromatographic profiles of pear skins (Pyrus spp.).
PubMed:Antioxidant capacity of seed coat, dehulled bean, and whole black soybeans in relation to their distributions of total phenolics, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and isoflavones.
PubMed:In vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of an antioxidant-rich fruit and berry juice blend. Results of a pilot and randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
PubMed:CZE separation of strawberry anthocyanins with acidic buffer and comparison with HPLC.
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of antiradical phenolic constituents from fourteen edible Myrtaceae fruits.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and antioxidant effects after the consumption of anthocyanin-rich acai juice and pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in human healthy volunteers.
PubMed:Total phenolics, phenolic acids, isoflavones, and anthocyanins and antioxidant properties of yellow and black soybeans as affected by thermal processing.
PubMed:Influence of glucose on cyanidin 3-glucoside absorption in rats.
PubMed:Urinary excretion of strawberry anthocyanins is dose dependent for physiological oral doses of fresh fruit.
PubMed:Biochemical profiling and chemometric analysis of seventeen UK-grown black currant cultivars.
PubMed:Optimization of color and antioxidant activity of peach and nectarine puree: scale-up study from pilot to industrial plant.
PubMed:Purple corn color suppresses Ras protein level and inhibits 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.
PubMed:Determination of color, pigment, and phenolic stability in yogurt systems colored with nonacylated anthocyanins from Berberis boliviana L. as compared to other natural/synthetic colorants.
PubMed:Quali-quantitative analyses of Flavonoids of Morus nigra L. and Morus alba L. (Moraceae) fruits.
PubMed:Identification and quantification of anthocyanin pigments in colored rice.
PubMed:Anthocyanins inhibit peroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells.
PubMed:Cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-xylosylrutinoside as primary phenolic antioxidants in black raspberry.
PubMed:Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties.
PubMed:Determination of antioxidant activity and characterization of antioxidant phenolics in the plum vinegar extract of cherry blossom (Prunus lannesiana).
PubMed:Saskatoon and wild blueberries have higher anthocyanin contents than other Manitoba berries.
PubMed:Characterization of cyanidin- and quercetin-derived flavonoids and other phenolics in mature saskatoon fruits (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.).
PubMed:Structural identification of anthocyanins and analysis of concentrations during growth and flowering in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) petals.
PubMed:Effects of growing conditions on purple corncob (Zea mays L.) anthocyanins.
PubMed:Litchi flavonoids: isolation, identification and biological activity.
PubMed:Cultivars of apple fruits that are not marketed with potential for anthocyanin production.
PubMed:Protocatechuic acid is the major human metabolite of cyanidin-glucosides.
PubMed:Identification of anthocyanins in the sprouts of buckwheat.
PubMed:Relationship between phenolic compounds, anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity in colored barley germplasm.
PubMed:Heme oxygenase induction by cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside in cultured human endothelial cells.
PubMed:Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins in red raspberries and identification of anthocyanins in extract using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Assessment of the differences in the phenolic composition of five strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) grown in two different soilless systems.
PubMed:Pigments in avocado tissue and oil.
PubMed:Gene isolation, analysis of expression, and in vitro synthesis of glutathione S-transferase from orange fruit [Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck)].
PubMed:Mulberry extract supplements ameliorate the inflammation-related hematological parameters in carrageenan-induced arthritic rats.
PubMed:Anthocyanin absorption and antioxidant status in pigs.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD)/HPLC-mass spectrometry (MS) profiling of anthocyanins from Andean Mashua Tubers (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz and Pavón) and their contribution to the overall antioxidant activity.
PubMed:Pistachio skin phenolics are destroyed by bleaching resulting in reduced antioxidative capacities.
PubMed:Development of analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilus) anthocyanins in human plasma and urine.
PubMed:Color properties of four cyanidin-pyruvic acid adducts.
PubMed:The flavonol quercetin-3-glucoside inhibits cyanidin-3-glucoside absorption in vitro.
PubMed:Anthocyanin composition in black, blue, pink, purple, and red cereal grains.
PubMed:Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antihyperglycemic effects of polyphenols in the fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb.
PubMed:Effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on UVB-induced response in human keratinocytes.
PubMed:Extraction of polyphenols from processed black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) residues.
PubMed:Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a natural product derived from blackberry, exhibits chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity.
PubMed:Characterization and quantification of anthocyanins in selected artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cultivars by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn.
PubMed:Ingested delphinidin-3-rutinoside is primarily excreted to urine as the intact form and to bile as the methylated form in rats.
PubMed:New flavanol-anthocyanin condensed pigments and anthocyanin composition in guatemalan beans (Phaseolus spp.).
PubMed:Sweet and sour cherry phenolics and their protective effects on neuronal cells.
PubMed:Determination of anthocyanins from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) by HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, and NMR.
PubMed:Pigments in the fruit of red-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa).
PubMed:Relative inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, and human tumor cell proliferation by natural food colors.
PubMed:Anthocyanins from bay (Laurus nobilis L.) berries.
PubMed:Blackberry anthocyanins are mainly recovered from urine as methylated and glucuronidated conjugates in humans.
PubMed:Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman.
PubMed:Anthocyanins in Cornus alternifolia, Cornus controversa, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida fruits with health benefits.
PubMed:Evaluation of the phenolic content in the aerial parts of different varieties of Cichorium intybus L.
PubMed:Assessing potential bioavailability of raspberry anthocyanins using an in vitro digestion system.
PubMed:Total oxidant scavenging capacities of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) fruits.
PubMed:Quantification and characterisation of cyclo-oxygenase and lipid peroxidation inhibitory anthocyanins in fruits of Amelanchier.
PubMed:Effects of anthocyanidin on the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
PubMed:Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities in flesh and achenes of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa).
PubMed:Anthocyanin metabolism in rats and their distribution to digestive area, kidney, and brain.
PubMed:Antioxidants in raspberry: on-line analysis links antioxidant activity to a diversity of individual metabolites.
PubMed:Anthocyanins, flavonols, and free radical scavenging activity of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) extracts and their color properties and stability.
PubMed:Effects of blood orange juice intake on antioxidant bioavailability and on different markers related to oxidative stress.
PubMed:Human tumor cell growth inhibition by nontoxic anthocyanidins, the pigments in fruits and vegetables.
PubMed:Insulin secretion by bioactive anthocyanins and anthocyanidins present in fruits.
PubMed:Quantification and Purification of Mulberry Anthocyanins with Macroporous Resins.
PubMed:Characterization of anthocyanins and pyranoanthocyanins from blood orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] juice.
PubMed:Identification of flavonoids in Hakmeitau beans (Vigna sinensis) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS).
PubMed:Anthocyanin metabolites in human urine and serum.
PubMed:Polyphenol changes during fermentation of naturally black olives.
PubMed:Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: cyanidin 3-glucoside.
PubMed:Phenolic composition of strawberry genotypes at different maturation stages.
PubMed:Phytochemical composition and pigment stability of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.).
PubMed:Characterization and quantification of anthocyanins and polyphenolics in bluehHoneysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.).
PubMed:Relationship of light quantity and anthocyanin production in Pennisetum setaceum Cvs. rubrum and red riding hood.
PubMed:Anthocyanin profile of Korean cultivated kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
PubMed:Fruits and vegetables in the prevention of cellular oxidative damage.
PubMed:Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) pigmented fraction suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in chemical and biological model systems.
PubMed:Elevated carbon dioxide increases contents of antioxidant compounds in field-grown strawberries.
PubMed:Dietary cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside-rich purple corn color prevents obesity and ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice.
PubMed:Anthocyanin administration elevates plasma homocysteine in rats.
PubMed:Composition and stability of anthocyanins in blue-grained wheat.
PubMed:Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet.
PubMed:Apple peels as a value-added food ingredient.
PubMed:Antioxidant activity of apple peels.
PubMed:Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside suppresses nitric oxide production during a zymosan treatment in rats.
PubMed:Anthocyanin color behavior and stability during storage: effect of intermolecular copigmentation.
PubMed:Effects of dietary anthocyanins on tocopherols and lipids in rats.
PubMed:Urinary excretion of cyanidin glycosides.
PubMed:Cultural system affects fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in strawberries.
PubMed:Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS.
PubMed:Interactions between cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and furfural derivatives and their impact on food color changes.
PubMed:Effect of freezing and storage on the phenolics, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of red raspberries.
PubMed:Ellagitannins, flavonoids, and other phenolics in red raspberries and their contribution to antioxidant capacity and vasorelaxation properties.
PubMed:Absorption and metabolism of anthocyanins in elderly women after consumption of elderberry or blueberry.
PubMed:Blackberry anthocyanins are slightly bioavailable in rats.
PubMed:Anthocyanins from black currants (Ribes nigrum L.).
PubMed:Characterization of major anthocyanins and the color of red-fleshed Budd Blood orange (Citrus sinensis).
PubMed:Isolation and determination of anthocyanins in seed coats of black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).
PubMed:Cyclooxygenase inhibitory and antioxidant cyanidin glycosides in cherries and berries.
PubMed:Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry.
PubMed:Degradation products of cyanidin glycosides from tart cherries and their bioactivities.
PubMed:Acylated anthocyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides from Ajuga reptans flowers and the corresponding cell cultures.
PubMed:Separation, identification, quantification, and method validation of anthocyanins in botanical supplement raw materials by HPLC and HPLC-MS.
PubMed:Pronounced inhibition by a natural anthocyanin, purple corn color, of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in male F344 rats pretreated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
PubMed:Antioxidant capacities and phenolics levels of French wines from different varieties and vintages.
PubMed:Anthocyanins from maize (Zea mays) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea).
PubMed:Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry.
PubMed:Study of the reactions between (+)-catechin and furfural derivatives in the presence or absence of anthocyanins and their implication in food color change.
PubMed:Effect of postharvest ultraviolet irradiation on resveratrol and other phenolics of cv. Napoleon table grapes.
PubMed:Effect of variety, processing, and storage on the flavonoid glycoside content and composition of lettuce and endive.
PubMed:Reliability of analytical methods for determining anthocyanins in blood orange juices.
PubMed:Comparison of anthocyanin distribution in different blueberry sources by capillary zone electrophoresis.
PubMed:Frozen storage effects on anthocyanins and volatile compounds of raspberry fruit.
PubMed:Direct intestinal absorption of red fruit anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, into rats and humans.
PubMed:Degradation of cyanidin 3-glucoside by caffeic acid o-quinone. Determination of the stoichiometry and characterization of the degradation products.
PubMed:Interaction of vitamin C and flavonoids in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) during juice processing.
PubMed:Malonylated anthocyanins from bulbs of red onion, Allium cepa L.
 
Notes:
Found in many plants and fruits, e.g. cherries, olives and grapes
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