EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

cochineal

Supplier Sponsors

Name:coccus cacti
CAS Number: 1343-78-8
ECHA EC Number:215-680-6
FDA UNII: TZ8Z31B35M
Category:coloring agents
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
DG SANTE Food Additives:cochineal
FEMA Number:2330
FDA:No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:dark red powder (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in:
 water, 8874 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
CosIng:cosmetic data
Cosmetic Uses: hair dyeing agents
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Cochineal
Parchem
Cochineal
 
Safety Information:
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
coloring agents
Recommendation for cochineal usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
 average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -300.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -100.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -200.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -36.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of cochineal, carminic acid, carmines (E 120) as a food additive
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):1343-78-8
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
coccus cacti
Chemidplus:0001343788
 
References:
 coccus cacti
Canada Domestic Sub. List:1343-78-8
Pubchem (sid):135263889
 
Other Information:
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
FDA Color Additive Status ListView
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 color dye
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 coccus cacti
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 coccus cacti l.
 

Articles:

PubMed:Influence of internal composition on physicochemical properties of alginate aqueous-core capsules.
PubMed:Volatiles released by Chinese liquorice roots mediate host location behavior by neonate Porphyrophora sophorae (Hemiptera: Margarodidae).
PubMed:Investigation of crimson-dyed fibres for a new approach on the characterization of cochineal and kermes dyes in historical textiles.
PubMed:Influence of pigments and protein aging on protein identification in historically representative casein-based paints using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
PubMed:Species in Wolbachia? Proposal for the designation of 'Candidatus Wolbachia bourtzisii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia onchocercicola', 'Candidatus Wolbachia blaxteri', 'Candidatus Wolbachia brugii', 'Candidatus Wolbachia taylori', 'Candidatus Wolbachia collembolicola' and 'Candidatus Wolbachia multihospitum' for the different species within Wolbachia supergroups.
PubMed:Nitrite-free Asian hot dog sausages reformulated with nitrite replacers.
PubMed:[Quantum Chemistry Calculation of Ponceau 4R Molecule Structure and Research on the Fluorescence Mechanism].
PubMed:America's red gold: multiple lineages of cultivated cochineal in Mexico.
PubMed:Retrospective analysis for the identification of 4-aminocarminic acid photo-degradation products in beverages.
PubMed:Photoproducts of carminic acid formed by a composite from Manihot dulcis waste.
PubMed:Alginate/sodium caseinate aqueous-core capsules: a pH-responsive matrix.
PubMed:New risks from ancient food dyes: cochineal red allergy.
PubMed:Identification of unknown colorants in pre-Columbian textiles dyed with American cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa) using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Variation in the concentration of carminic acid produced by Dactylopius coccus (Hemiptera: Dactylopidae) at various maturation stages.
PubMed:New composite nitrite-free and low-nitrite meat-curing systems using natural colorants.
PubMed:Quantitative determination of carmine in foods by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Light harvesting over a wide range of wavelength using natural dyes of gardenia and cochineal for dye-sensitized solar cells.
PubMed:Genetic variation amongst biotypes of Dactylopius tomentosus.
PubMed:Allergic reactions to insect secretions.
PubMed:Exploration of pH-dependent behavior of the anion receptor pocket of subdomain IIA of HSA: determination of effective pocket charge using the Debye-Hückel limiting law.
PubMed:Genetic variability of Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera, Dactylopiidae) on forage cactus in northeast Brazil.
PubMed:Structure elucidation and chromatographic identification of anthraquinone components of cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) detected in historical objects.
PubMed:Identification of Dactylopius cochineal species with high-performance liquid chromatography and multivariate data analysis.
PubMed:Silver colloidal pastes for dye analysis of reference and historical textile fibers using direct, extractionless, non-hydrolysis surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed:Modulation of accessibility of subdomain IB in the pH-dependent interaction of bovine serum albumin with Cochineal Red A: a combined view from spectroscopy and docking simulations.
PubMed:Thermal stability of selected natural red extracts used as food colorants.
PubMed:DFT and TDDFT study on the electronic structure and photoelectrochemical properties of dyes derived from cochineal and lac insects as photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells.
PubMed:In situ 3D characterization of historical coatings and wood using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy.
PubMed:Posterior hyaloid detachment and internal limiting membrane peeling assisted by anthocyanins from acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) and 10 other natural vital dyes: experimental study in cadaveric eyes.
PubMed:Lac color inhibits development of rat thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of plasma hyaluronan-binding protein.
PubMed:Promoting effects of carminic acid-enriched cochineal extracts on capsular invasive thyroid carcinomas through targeting activation of angiogenesis in rats.
PubMed:Allergic contact dermatitis from carmine in cosmetic blush.
PubMed:Use of Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) pigments in the detection of larvae and pupae of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae).
PubMed:Optical spectroscopic exploration of binding of Cochineal Red A with two homologous serum albumins.
PubMed:Historical and archaeological textiles: an insight on degradation products of wool and silk yarns.
PubMed:Analysis of natural red dyes (cochineal) in textiles of historical importance using HPLC and multivariate data analysis.
PubMed:Treatment of a textile effluent from dyeing with cochineal extracts using Trametes versicolor fungus.
PubMed:Methods for the determination of European Union-permitted added natural colours in foods: a review.
PubMed:Extracting natural dyes from wool--an evaluation of extraction methods.
PubMed:HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of dyes identified in textiles from Mount Athos.
PubMed:Novel methodology for the extraction and identification of natural dyestuffs in historical textiles by HPLC-UV-Vis-ESI MS. Case study: chasubles from the Wawel Cathedral collection.
PubMed:Molecular phylogeny of the genus Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) and identification of the symbiotic bacteria.
PubMed:Identification of organic colorants in fibers, paints, and glazes by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed:[Absolute quantification of carminic acid in cochineal extract by quantitative NMR].
PubMed:Hemocytes of the cochineal insect: ultrastructure.
PubMed:Spectroscopic and theoretical study of the "azo"-dye E124 in condensate phase: evidence of a dominant hydrazo form.
PubMed:Allergic contact dermatitis from carmine.
PubMed:Indigotine, azorubine, and cochineal red as photoprotectors of manidipine.
PubMed:Carmine dye and cochineal extract: hidden allergens no more.
PubMed:Investigation of the colourants used in icons of the Cretan School of iconography.
PubMed:Carmine hypersensitivity masquerading as azithromycin hypersensitivity.
PubMed:Distinguishing suitable biotypes of Dactylopius tomentosus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) for biological control of Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) in South Africa.
PubMed:Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a major 38-kd cochineal allergen.
PubMed:Cochineal extract-induced immediate allergy.
PubMed:The biology of Dactylopius tomentosus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae).
PubMed:Ultrasonic dyeing of cationized cotton fabric with natural dye. Part 1: cationization of cotton using Solfix E.
PubMed:Evaluating a Cumaean Sibyl: Domenichino or later? A multi analytical approach.
PubMed:[Case of urticaria due to cochineal dye in red-colored diet].
PubMed:Ovariole structure of the cochineal scale insect, Dactylophis coccus.
PubMed:The history, chemistry and modes of action of carmine and related dyes.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of artists' red dyes and their mixtures by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed:Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the determination of several natural red dyestuff and lake pigments used in art work.
PubMed:Investigation of red natural dyes used in historical objects by HPLC-DAD-MS.
PubMed:A method for determining identity and relative purity of carmine, carminic acid and aminocarminic acid.
PubMed:[Allergy to food colouring. A prospective study in ten children].
PubMed:Occupational asthma to carmine in a butcher.
PubMed:Influence of synthetic and natural food dyes on activities of CYP2A6, UGT1A6, and UGT2B7.
PubMed:Evaluation of photo-mutagenicity and photo-cytotoxicity of food coloring agents.
PubMed:Analysis of organic colouring and binding components in colour layer of art works.
PubMed:Color quality of pigments in cochineals (Dactylopius coccus Costa). Geographical origin characterization using multivariate statistical analysis.
PubMed:Identification of anthraquinone coloring matters in natural red dyes by electrospray mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:[Asthma and allergy due to carmine dye].
PubMed:Electrochemical identification of anthraquinone-based dyes in solid microsamples by square wave voltammetry using graphite/polyester composite electrodes.
PubMed:Removal of ammonium and phosphates from wastewater resulting from the process of cochineal extraction using MgO-containing by-product.
PubMed:Carmine (E-120)-induced occupational asthma revisited.
PubMed:Small doses of melatonin increase intestinal motility in rats.
PubMed:Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants.
PubMed:Preventive effects of anthraquinone food pigments on the DNA damage induced by carcinogens in Drosophila.
PubMed:Ingredient and labeling issues associated with allergenic foods.
PubMed:Identification of carmine allergens among three carmine allergy patients.
PubMed:[Food additives as a cause of medical symptoms: relationship shown between sulfites and asthma and anaphylaxis; results of a literature review].
PubMed:Analysis of natural food pigments by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Identification of allergens involved in occupational asthma due to carmine dye.
PubMed:A novel lipoprotein from the hemolymph of the cochineal insect, Dactylopius confusus.
PubMed:Factors affecting the perception of naturalness and flavor strength in citrus drinks.
PubMed:[Cochineal and indigo in Mesoamerica, 1770-1870].
PubMed:Occupational asthma and food allergy due to carmine.
PubMed:Estimates of maximum limits of food colours use in Brazil through the Danish Budget Method and the Bär and Würtzen-modified method.
PubMed:Modifications of allergenicity linked to food technologies.
PubMed:Anaphylactic reactions to ingested carmine (E120).
PubMed:Effect of natural food colorings on immunoglobulin production in vitro by rat spleen lymphocytes.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of carminic acid, alpha- and beta-bixin, and alpha- and beta-norbixin, and the determination of carminic acid in foods.
PubMed:A new type of highly polymerized yolk protein from the cochineal insect Dactylopius confusus.
PubMed:[Hypersensitivity to Sintrom, caused by cochineal red A].
PubMed:[Detection of food additives by enzyme immunoassay].
PubMed:Food anaphylaxis following ingestion of carmine.
PubMed:Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of cochineal administered to mice in the diet.
PubMed:[A study of the content of synthetic food dyes in gelatin jellies].
PubMed:Defensive use of an acquired substance (carminic acid) by predaceous insect larvae.
PubMed:[A 13-week toxicity study of simultaneous administration of cochineal and aluminum potassium sulfate in rats].
PubMed:Occupational asthma and immunologic responses induced by inhaled carmine among employees at a factory making natural dyes.
PubMed:Genotoxicity studies in vitro and in vivo on carminic acid (natural red 4).
PubMed:Carcinogenicity study of cochineal in B6C3F1 mice.
PubMed:Additional survey on genotoxicity of natural anthraquinones in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair assay.
PubMed:Teratogenicity and embryotoxicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat.
PubMed:Three-generation reproduction study on carmine of cochineal in the rat.
PubMed:Chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of carmine of cochineal in the rat.
PubMed:"Pink" diarrhoea: osmotic diarrhoea from a sorbitol-containing vitamin C supplement.
PubMed:[Detection of a natural organic dye, cochineal, in meat products].
PubMed:Red cochineal dye (carminic Acid): its role in nature.
PubMed:[Intercellular transmission of information in the process of immunogenesis. V. Study of the role of low-molecular "immune" nuclear RNA in the synthesis of antibodies by rat transplantable lymphosarcoma cells].
PubMed:[In vitro cell culture of the Ararat cochineal insect, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt].
PubMed:Qualitative tests for added coloring matter in meat products.
PubMed:Cochineal.
PubMed:THE NAME OF THE COCHINEAL.
PubMed:THE LOWER SONORAN COCHINEAL.
PubMed:On the Treatment of Hooping-Cough by Cochineal.
 
Notes:
tsca definition 2008: extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, inorganic ions, etc. obtained from coccidae.
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