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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Boiling Point: | 299.88 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.001000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 275.00 °F. TCC ( 135.20 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 1.796 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 4254 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for 1'-hydroxysafrole usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for 1'-hydroxysafrole flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1-(1,3- | benzodioxol-5-yl)prop-2-en-1-ol | | 1,3- | benzodioxole-5-(2-propen-1-ol) | | 1,3- | benzodioxole-5-methanol, alpha-ethenyl- | | alpha- | ethenyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-methanol | | 1,2- | methylenedioxy-4-(1-hydroxyallyl)benzene | | | piperonyl alcohol, alpha-vinyl- |
Articles:
| PubMed:Roles of human sulfotransferases in genotoxicity of carcinogens using genetically engineered umu test strains. |
| PubMed:Physiologically based biokinetic (PBBK) model for safrole bioactivation and detoxification in rats. |
| PubMed:Sulfotransferase 1A1 haplotypes associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in male Taiwanese. |
| PubMed:SULT1C3, an orphan sequence of the human genome, encodes an enzyme activating various promutagens. |
| PubMed:Human cytochrome p450 enzyme specificity for bioactivation of safrole to the proximate carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole. |
| PubMed:Identification of the main human cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in safrole 1'-hydroxylation. |
| PubMed:Safrole-like DNA adducts in oral tissue from oral cancer patients with a betel quid chewing history. |
| PubMed:Sulfotransferase-mediated activation of mutagens studied using heterologous expression systems. |
| PubMed:Sulfation and sulfotransferases 4: bioactivation of mutagens via sulfation. |
| PubMed:Human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase. Purification, molecular cloning, and characterization. |
| PubMed:Salmonella strains and mammalian cells genetically engineered for expression of sulfotransferases. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of computed tomography liver contrast using iomeprol-containing liposomes and detection of small liver tumors in rats. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity studies of the hepatocarcinogenicities of alkenylbenzene derivatives related to estragole and safrole on administration to preweanling male C57BL/6J x C3H/HeJ F1 mice. |
| PubMed:Inhibition by pentachlorophenol of the initiating and promoting activities of 1'-hydroxysafrole for the formation of enzyme-altered foci and tumors in rat liver. |
| PubMed:The metabolic sulfonation and side-chain oxidation of 3'-hydroxyisosafrole in the mouse and its inactivity as a hepatocarcinogen relative to 1'-hydroxysafrole. |
| PubMed:Differences in the covalent binding of benzo[a]pyrene, safrole, 1'-hydroxysafrole, and 4-aminobiphenyl to DNA of pregnant and non-pregnant mice. |
| PubMed:Electrophilic sulfuric acid ester metabolites as ultimate carcinogens. |
| PubMed:Further characterization of the DNA adducts formed by electrophilic esters of the hepatocarcinogens 1'-hydroxysafrole and 1'-hydroxyestragole in vitro and in mouse liver in vivo, including new adducts at C-8 and N-7 of guanine residues. |
| PubMed:Ligand-complex formation between cytochromes P-450 and P-448 and methylenedioxyphenyl compounds. |
| PubMed:Sulfuric acid esters as ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolites of some alkenylbenzenes and aromatic amines in mouse liver. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the biliary and urinary glutathione and N-acetylcysteine metabolites of the hepatic carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole and its 1'-oxo metabolite in rats and mice. |
| PubMed:Strong evidence from studies with brachymorphic mice and pentachlorophenol that 1'-sulfoöxysafrole is the major ultimate electrophilic and carcinogenic metabolite of 1'-hydroxysafrole in mouse liver. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity studies of the carcinogenicities in the mouse and rat of some naturally occurring and synthetic alkenylbenzene derivatives related to safrole and estragole. |
| PubMed:N2 atom of guanine and N6 atom of adenine residues as sites for covalent binding of metabolically activated 1'-hydroxysafrole to mouse liver DNA in vivo. |
| PubMed:The in vivo formation and repair of DNA adducts from 1'-hydroxysafrole. |
| PubMed:The mutagenicities of safrole, estragole, eugenol, trans-anethole, and some of their known or possible metabolites for Salmonella typhimurium mutants. |
| PubMed:In vitro assays for recombinogenic activity of chemical carcinogens and related compounds with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3. |
| PubMed:Metabolism of the proximate carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole and the isomer 3'-hydroxyisosafrole. |
| PubMed:Carcinogenic and mutagenic activities of safrole, 1'-hydroxysafrole, and some known or possible metabolites. |
| PubMed:Absorption, metabolism and excretion of safrole in the rat and man. |
| PubMed:[Mutagenicity of the metabolites of the epoxide-diol pathway of safrole and its analogs. Study on Salmonella typhimurium]. |
| PubMed:Hepatocarcinogenicity of estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) and 1'-hydroxyestragole in the mouse and mutagenicity of 1'-acetoxyestragole in bacteria. |
| PubMed:The metabolic activation of the carcinogen 1'-hydroxysafrole in vivo and in vitro and the electrophilic reactivities of possible ultimate carcinogens. |
| PubMed:The metabolism of the naturally occurring hepatocarcinogen safrole to 1'-hydroxysafrole and the electrophilic reactivity of 1'-acetoxysafrole. |
| PubMed:1'-Hydroxysafrole, a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of safrole in the rat and mouse. |
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3D/inchi