Category:herbicides / pesticides
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | white crystalline or irregularly flaked solid (est) |
Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Melting Point: | 42.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 375.90 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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Vapor Pressure: | 2.020000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 358.00 °F. TCC ( 181.10 °C. ) (est)
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logP (o/w): | 4.960 |
Soluble in: |
| water, 1.12 mg/L @ 24C (exp) | | water, 0.357 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-bird - wild LD50 5 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 315, 1972.
oral-chicken LD50 25400 ug/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 49, 1967.
oral-duck LD50 76 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 20, Pg. 57, 1971.
oral-guinea pig LD50 504 mg/kg Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C74, 1991.
unreported-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 163 mg/kg Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Vol. 27, Pg. 712, 1979.
oral-man TDLo 300 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: COMA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: PARESTHESIS
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 59, Pg. 176, 1986.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 192 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 65, Pg. 144, 1982.
oral-mouse LD50 60 mg/kg Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes. Vol. 13, Pg. 11, 1978.
oral-quail LD50 13300 ug/kg ASTM Special Technical Publication. Vol. (680), Pg. 157, 1979.
oral-rabbit LD50 1000 mg/kg Special Publication of the Entomological Society of America. Vol. 78-1, Pg. 45, 1978.
oral-rat LD50 82 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 14, Pg. 515, 1969.
unreported-rat LD50 150 mg/kg "Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1971Vol. -, Pg. 339, 1971.
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Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 100 mg/kg Journal of Economic Entomology. Vol. 60, Pg. 733, 1967.
skin-mouse LD50 120 mg/kg Yakkyoku. Pharmacy. Vol. 38, Pg. 745, 1987.
skin-rabbit LD50 2000 mg/kg Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. Vol. 6, Pg. 203, 1973.
skin-rat LD50 202 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 14, Pg. 515, 1969.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LC50 > 200 mg/m3/4H Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 166, 1991.
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | herbicides / pesticides |
Recommendation for chlorpyrifos usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Recommendation for chlorpyrifos flavor usage levels up to: |
| not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide human health risk assessment of the active substance chlorpyrifos View page or View pdf
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Review of the existing maximum residue levels for chlorpyrifos according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 View page or View pdf
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Statement on the available outcomes of the human health assessment in the context of the pesticides peer review of the active substance chlorpyrifos View page or View pdf
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EPI System: View |
EPA-Iris:IRIS |
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
AIDS Citations:Search |
Cancer Citations:Search |
Toxicology Citations:Search |
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :2730 |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
WGK Germany:3 |
diethoxy-sulfanylidene-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy-?5-phosphane |
Chemidplus:0002921882 |
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
RTECS:2921-88-2 |
References:
| diethoxy-sulfanylidene-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy-?5-phosphane |
NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 2921-88-2 |
Pubchem (cid): | 2730 |
Pubchem (sid): | 134981816 |
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
CHEBI: | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
KEGG (GenomeNet): | C14322 |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB41856 |
ChemSpider: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •usepaopp pesticide code 059101; trade names: lorsban; dowco 179; super insect coating a.p.t.; ent 27311; dursban f; dursban 4e; dursban hf; killmaster; oms 971; brodan; eradex; detmol u.a.; pyrinex.
•andersons golf products insecticide iii: active ingredient 1.34% chlorpyrifos
•chemsico roach control: active ingredient 0.50% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 4# wheat: active ingredient 44.7% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 61.5%: active ingredient 61.5% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 2e ag; chlorpyrifos e-pro 2 insecticide: active ingredient 24.66% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 15g: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 4e ag: active ingredient 42.5% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 4-e insecticide, micro flo chlorpyrifos 4e wood treater; chlorpyrifos e-pro 4 insecticide: active ingredient 44.7% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos 12% bait: active ingredient 0.50% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos e-pro 2.32% granules: active ingredient 2.32% chlorpyrifos
•chlorpyrifos e-pro 1% mole cricket bait: active ingredient 1.00% chlorpyrifos
•cyren tc: active ingredient 43.2% chlorpyrifos
•cyren rt: active ingredient 99.7% chlorpyrifos
•drexel chlorpyrifos 99.3% technical: active ingredient 99.3% chlorpyrifos
•drexel chlorpyrifos termiticide: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•drexel chlorpyrifos 15g: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 1% granular insecticide: active ingredient 1.00% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 4e insecticide, dursban 4e-n, dursban tc, dursban wt insecticidal wood treatment concentrate: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 2e: active ingredient 24.8% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 50w in water soluble packets: active ingredient 50.0% chlorpyrifos
•dursban me20, dursban 20 mec: active ingredient 20.0% chlorpyrifos
•dursban me04 microencapsulated: active ingredient 0.40% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 1f; active ingredient 1.0% chlorpyrifos
•dursban 2.5g: active ingredient 2.50% chlorpyrifos
•dursban hf: active ingredient 62.5% chlorpyrifos
•dursban r: active ingredient 99.0% chlorpyrifos
•dursban w; active ingredient 50.0% chlorpyrifos
•gf-1846:active ingredients 30.0% chlorpyrifos, 0.54% gamma-cyhalothrin
•insecta: active ingredient 0.86% chlorpyrifos
•lentrek* 6 wt: active ingredient 62.5% chlorpyrifos
•lesco 1% dursban granular: active ingredient 1.00% chlorpyrifos
•lock-on: active ingredient 22.9% chlorpyrifos
•lorsban 15g: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•lorsban 15g smartbox: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•lorsban* 75wg; active ingredient 75.0% chlorpyrifos
•mec chlorpyrifos livestock premise spray concentrate: active ingredient 20.0% chlorpyrifos
•micro flo chlorpyrifos termite concentrate: active ingredient 42.8% chlorpyrifos
•micro flo chlorpyrifos 2e: active ingredient 24.66% chlorpyrifos
•mosquitomist two u.l.v.: active ingredient 24.6% chlorpyrifos
•mosquitomist 1.5 u.l.v. : active ingredient 19.36% chlorpyrifos
•mosquitomist one u.l.v. : active ingredient 13.624% chlorpyrifos
•navigator 4tc chlorpyrifos termiticide concentrate: active ingredient 45.0% chlorpyrifos
•nufos technical: active ingredient 97.0% chlorpyrifos
•nufos 15g: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•nufos 4e: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•pestban tc: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•pilot 4e chlorpyrifos agricultural insecticide: active ingredient 45.0% chlorpyrifos
•pilot 15g chlorpyrifos agricultural insecticide: active ingredient 15.0% chlorpyrifos
•prentox dursban 2e insecticide: active ingredient 24.6% chlorpyrifos
•prentox (r) dursban 4e insecticide: active ingredient 44.8% chlorpyrifos
•p.t.o. dursban 2-e: active ingredient 24.7% chlorpyrifos
•pyrinex chlorpyrifos insecticide: active ingredient 97.0% chlorpyrifos
•pyrinex 4 ec: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•rainbow fire ant killer: active ingredient 5.00% chlorpyrifos
•sa-50 dursban 4-e insecticide: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•sa-50 brand dursban 1% mole cricket bait: active ingredient 1.00% chlorpyrifos
•sa-50 brand dursban 2.5% granular insecticide: active ingredient 2.50% chlorpyrifos
•timbertreat 15 wt: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•ulv mosquito master: active ingredients 12.0% chlorpyrifos, 4.00% permethrin, mixed cis,trans
•ulv mosquito master 2+6: active ingredients 6.00% chlorpyrifos, 2.00% permethrin, mixed cis,trans
•warhawk: active ingredient 44.9% chlorpyrifos
•warrior insecticide cattle ear tag: active ingredients 30.0% diazinon, 10.0% chlorpyrifos
•whitmire pt 1920 total release insecticide: active ingredients 8.0% chlorpyrifos, 1.60% cyfluthrin
•whitmire pt 275 dur-o-cap microencapsulated chlorpyrifos: active ingredient 20.0% chlorpyrifos
•woodlife f-4wt: active ingredients 0.10% chlorpyrifos, 0..50% 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
•emulsifiable concentrate; dust; flowable pellet; spray, granular wettable powder, microcapsule, and granular bait
•chlorpyrifos is formulated using carriers such as synthetic clays, talc, and various solvents.
•baits, flowables, impregnated plastics, and pressurized liquids.
•chlorpyrifos is available for pesticide applications as wettable powders, and controlled-release polymers.
•the commercial formulations are often combined with petroleum products (which may include no 2 diesel oil and kerosene) to incr the rate of dispersal.
•formulation types: dp; ec; gr; ul; wg; wp; microcapsule
•chlorpyrifos is available as 25% wettable powders, 1-10% granules, and emulsifiable concentrates of 2 and 4 lbu.s. gal.
•mixtures (chlopyrifos +): cypermethrin; dimethoate; dichlorvos; gossyplure and methomyl; tetramethrin; piperonyl butoxide; endosulfan
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| bonidel | | chloropyrifos | | chloropyriphos | m- | chlorpyrifos | | chlorpyrifos [BAN] [ISO] [BSI] | | chlorpyrifos ethyl | | chlorpyriphos | | chlorpyriphos-ethyl | | chlorpyritos | | chlorpyrofos | | chlorpyrophos | | clorpyrifos | | danusban | | dhanusban | | diethoxy-sulfanylidene-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy-?5-phosphane | | diethoxy-thioxo-[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)oxy]phosphorane | | diethoxyphosphino(3,5,6-trichloro(2-pyridyl)oxy)-1-thione | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) thiophosphate | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)phosphorothioate | | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phsophorothioate | | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl o-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) thiophosphate | O,O- | diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphorothioate | O,O- | diethyl-o-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothiolate | | durisban | | durmet | | dursban | | eradex | | ethyl 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl ethoxy(sulfanylidene)phosphonite | | ethyl chlorpyriphos | | geodinfos | | lentrek | | lorsban | | phosphorothioic acid O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) ester | | phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) ester | | phosphorothioic acid, O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) ester | | piridane | | pyrinex | | silrifos | | spannit | | stipend | | suscon | | suscon blue | | suscon green | | tafaban | | terial 40L | | trichlorpyrophos | | trichlorpyrphos |
Articles:
PubMed:Warming increases chlorpyrifos effects on predator but not anti-predator behaviours. |
PubMed:Susceptibility of nine organophosphorus pesticides in skimmed milk towards inoculated lactic acid bacteria and yogurt starters. |
PubMed:An acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on graphene-gold nanocomposite and calcined layered double hydroxide. |
PubMed:Determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples and the efficiency of gamma-radiation in their removal. |
PubMed:Exposures of 129 preschool children to organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and acid herbicides at their homes and daycares in North Carolina. |
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in duck muscle by modified QuEChERS coupled to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). |
PubMed:A modeled comparison of direct and food web-mediated impacts of common pesticides on Pacific salmon. |
PubMed:Insecticide residues in head lettuce, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and broccoli grown in fields. |
PubMed:Natural enemies of Atta vollenweideri (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) leaf-cutter ants negatively affected by synthetic pesticides, chlorpyrifos and fipronil. |
PubMed:Pesticide residue evaluation in major staple food items of Ethiopia using the QuEChERS method: A case study from the Jimma Zone. |
PubMed:Screening of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in feeds and fish tissues by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. |
PubMed:Short communication: Interaction of bovine milk protein with chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ten organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits by gas chromatography coupled with magnetic separation. |
PubMed:Extreme temperatures in the adult stage shape delayed effects of larval pesticide stress: a comparison between latitudes. |
PubMed:Development of soybean certified reference material for pesticide residue analysis. |
PubMed:Evaluation of low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of >140 pesticides in fish. |
PubMed:Community air monitoring for pesticides-part 2: multiresidue determination of pesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Survey of pesticide application on vegetables in the Littoral area of Togo. |
PubMed:Effects of storage and processing on residue levels of chlorpyrifos in soybeans. |
PubMed:Cellular impact of combinations of endosulfan, atrazine, and chlorpyrifos on human primary hepatocytes and HepaRG cells after short and chronic exposures. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in grain from Kazakhstan and potential health risks associated with exposure to detected pesticides. |
PubMed:Analytical approaches for the determination of pesticide residues in nutraceutical products and related matrices by chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:[Acute risk assessment of cumulative dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticide among people in Jiangsu province]. |
PubMed:[Comparison and anylisis on national quality control examination results of pesticides residues in food in 2009 and 2011]. |
PubMed:Ensuring selectivity and sensitivity by timed- and ultra-selective reaction monitoring during gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of pesticides. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos induced toxicity in reproductive organs of female Wistar rats. |
PubMed:The impact of insecticides applied in apple orchards on the predatory mite Kampimodromus aberrans (Acari: Phytoseiidae). |
PubMed:Effect of pharmaceuticals exposure on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and on the expression of AchE gene in the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus koreanus. |
PubMed:An improved dispersive solid-phase extraction clean-up method for the gas chromatography-negative chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometric determination of multiclass pesticide residues in edible oils. |
PubMed:Accumulation, histopathological effects and response of biochemical markers in the spleens and head kidneys of common carp exposed to atrazine and chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Multivariate study of parameters in the determination of pesticide residues in apple by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using experimental factorial design. |
PubMed:Influence of different planting seasons of six leaf vegetables on residues of five pesticides. |
PubMed:Dietary predictors of young children's exposure to current-use pesticides using urinary biomonitoring. |
PubMed:Feasibility of using drinking water treatment residuals as a novel chlorpyrifos adsorbent. |
PubMed:The effect of insecticides on the non-target predatory mite Kampimodromus aberrans: laboratory studies. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in human breast milk: risk assessment for infants from Punjab, India. |
PubMed:Fitness Effects of Chlorpyrifos in the Damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum Strongly Depend upon Temperature and Food Level and Can Bridge Metamorphosis. |
PubMed:Can nutrients mask community responses to insecticide mixtures? |
PubMed:Further studies on wireworm management in Canada: damage protection versus wireworm mortality in potatoes. |
PubMed:Persistence and effect of processing on chlorpyriphos residues in tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum Mill.). |
PubMed:Arrays on disc for screening and quantification of pollutants. |
PubMed:Wide-scope analysis of veterinary drug and pesticide residues in animal feed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Variation in susceptibility of laboratory and field strains of three stored-grain insect species to β-cyfluthrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl plus deltamethrin applied to concrete surfaces. |
PubMed:Time-dependent movement and distribution of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos in tomatoes. |
PubMed:Gene expression responses for detecting sublethal effects of xenobiotics and whole effluents on a Xenopus laevis embryo assay. |
PubMed:Oxidative damage induced by chlorpyrifos in the hepatic and renal tissue of Kunming mice and the antioxidant role of vitamin E. |
PubMed:Effectiveness of dishwashing liquids in removing chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos residues from cherry tomatoes. |
PubMed:Multiresidue pesticide analysis of botanical dietary supplements using salt-out acetonitrile extraction, solid-phase extraction cleanup column, and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Characterization of the interaction between cadmium and chlorpyrifos with integrative techniques in incurring synergistic hepatoxicity. |
PubMed:Washing effects of limonene on pesticide residues in green peppers. |
PubMed:An amperometric immunosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes-thionine-chitosan nanocomposite film for chlorpyrifos detection. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in market foods in Shaanxi Province of China in 2010. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxic and hematologic changes in rats: the role of quercetin and catechin. |
PubMed:Spinach or amaranth contains highest residue of metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin on six leaf vegetables upon open field application. |
PubMed:Differentially expressed genes and pathways induced by organophosphates in human neuroblastoma cells. |
PubMed:Detection of pesticides and dioxins in tissue fats and rendering oils using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). |
PubMed:Different effects of subchronic exposure to low concentrations of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos in a freshwater gastropod. |
PubMed:Assessment of DFG-S19 method for the determination of common endocrine disruptor pesticides in wine samples with an estimation of the uncertainty of the analytical results. |
PubMed:Estimation of the uncertainties of extraction and clean-up steps in pesticide residue analysis of plant commodities. |
PubMed:Effects of the neurotoxic thionophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on differentiating alternative models. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in vegetable samples from the Andaman Islands, India. |
PubMed:Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues detected in water samples collected from paddy and vegetable fields of the Savar and Dhamrai Upazilas in Bangladesh. |
PubMed:Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on chitosan/prussian blue/multiwall carbon nanotubes/hollow gold nanospheres nanocomposite film by one-step electrodeposition. |
PubMed:Investigation of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits grown in various regions of Hatay, Turkey. |
PubMed:Determination of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in fresh fruits and vegetables by high-performance thin-layer chromatography-multienzyme inhibition assay. |
PubMed:Cancer and non-cancer health effects from food contaminant exposures for children and adults in California: a risk assessment. |
PubMed:Comparative effect of pesticides on brain acetylcholinesterase in tropical fish. |
PubMed:Reversible effect of maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos on the intermediate granule cell progenitors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat offspring. |
PubMed:Removal of chloropyrifos ethyl, tetradifon and chlorothalonil pesticide residues from citrus by using ozone. |
PubMed:[Quality control examination on testing pesticides residues in food for agencies in charge of food safety risk monitoring and inspection]. |
PubMed:Inhibition and induction of glutathione S-transferases by flavonoids: possible pharmacological and toxicological consequences. |
PubMed:Planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in yuza fruits (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) and yuza tea samples produced in Korea. |
PubMed:Application of the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction to the organophosphate residues determination in strawberries. |
PubMed:Interactions with DOM and biofilms affect the fate and bioavailability of insecticides to invertebrate grazers. |
PubMed:A disposable amperometric immunosensor for chlorpyrifos-methyl based on immunogen/platinum doped silica sol-gel film modified screen-printed carbon electrode. |
PubMed:Detoxification of organophosphate residues using phosphotriesterase and their evaluation using flow based biosensor. |
PubMed:Environmental exposure to organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in South Australian preschool children: a cross sectional study. |
PubMed:A novel and highly sensitive acetyl-cholinesterase biosensor modified with hollow gold nanospheres. |
PubMed:Biomarkers of exposure and effect in a lacertid lizard (Podarcis bocagei Seoane) exposed to chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos and neurodevelopmental effects: a literature review and expert elicitation on research and policy. |
PubMed:Organophosphorous pesticide breakdown products in house dust and children's urine. |
PubMed:Study on the effect of chain-length compatibility of mixed anionic-cationic surfactants on the cloud-point extraction of selected organophosphorus pesticides. |
PubMed:Effect of home processing on the distribution and reduction of pesticide residues in apples. |
PubMed:Predictors of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in schoolchildren in the Province of Talca, Chile. |
PubMed:Repeated exposures to chlorpyrifos lead to spatial memory retrieval impairment and motor activity alteration. |
PubMed:Protective role of propolis in chlorpyrifos-induced changes in the haematological parameters and the oxidative/antioxidative status of Cyprinus carpio carpio. |
PubMed:Impacts of horticultural mineral oils and two insecticide practices on population fluctuation of Diaphorina citri and spread of Huanglongbing in a citrus orchard in Sarawak. |
PubMed:Monitoring of selected pesticides residue levels in water samples of paddy fields and removal of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos residues from water using rice bran. |
PubMed:Pesticide residue analysis in cereal-based baby foods using multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersive solid-phase extraction. |
PubMed:Total diet study on pesticide residues in France: levels in food as consumed and chronic dietary risk to consumers. |
PubMed:Potential effects of chlorpyrifos on fetal growth outcomes: implications for risk assessment. |
PubMed:Impacts of low doses of pesticide mixtures on liver cell defence systems. |
PubMed:Relative pesticide and exposure route contribution to aggregate and cumulative dose in young farmworker children. |
PubMed:Risk assessment of chlorpyrifos on rice and cabbage in China. |
PubMed:Pollution level and human health risk assessment of some pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Nantong of Southeast China. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticides and their metabolites in processed cereal samples. |
PubMed:Effects of chlorpyrifos exposure on growth and food utilization in Australian catfish, Tandanus tandanus. |
PubMed:Toxic impact of two organophosphate insecticides on biochemical parameters of a food fish and assessment of recovery response. |
PubMed:Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish species from Lake Koka, Ethiopia: The influence of lipid content and trophic position. |
PubMed:Organophosphate pesticides increase the expression of alpha glutathione S-transferase in HepG2 cells. |
PubMed:Impact of repeated nicotine and alcohol coexposure on in vitro and in vivo chlorpyrifos dosimetry and cholinesterase inhibition. |
PubMed:Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in bovine tissue by an on-line coupled matrix solid-phase dispersion-solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method. |
PubMed:Bioavailability and toxicological potential of sunflower-bound residues of (14)C-chlorpyrifos insecticide in rats. |
PubMed:Occurrence and toxicity of three classes of insecticides in water and sediment in two Southern California coastal watersheds. |
PubMed:Determination of coumaphos, chlorpyrifos and ethion residues in propolis tinctures by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography coupled to flame photometric and mass spectrometric detection. |
PubMed:Development of green onion and cabbage certified reference materials for quantification of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. |
PubMed:Cloud point extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in concentrated fruit juice by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos residues levels in fruits and vegetables after field treatment. |
PubMed:Development of a source-to-outcome model for dietary exposures to insecticide residues: an example using chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Determination of multi-residue insecticides of organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroids in wheat. |
PubMed:Application of a source-to-outcome model for the assessment of health impacts from dietary exposures to insecticide residues. |
PubMed:Stability of pesticides' residues under ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in honey by single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography. |
PubMed:Pesticides on household surfaces may influence dietary intake of children. |
PubMed:Competitive immunochromatographic assay for the detection of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in some commodities: dietary risk for children. |
PubMed:Cumulative risk assessment of chemical exposures in urban environments. |
PubMed:Effect of bromine oxidation on high-performance thin-layer chromatography multi-enzyme inhibition assay detection of organophosphates and carbamate insecticides. |
PubMed:Levels of select organophosphates in human colostrum and mature milk samples in rural region of Faizabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India. |
PubMed:Investigation of in vitro effects of ethephon and chlorpyrifos, either alone or in combination, on rat intestinal muscle contraction. |
PubMed:The degradation of chlorpyrifos and diazinon in aqueous solution by ultrasonic irradiation: effect of parameters and degradation pathway. |
PubMed:Pesticide uptake in potatoes: model and field experiments. |
PubMed:Genetic variability in esterases and the insecticide resistance in brazilian strains of Oryzaephilus mercator and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). |
PubMed:Simultaneous degradation of mixed insecticides by mixed fungal culture isolated from sewage sludge. |
PubMed:Ligand replacement-induced fluorescence switch of quantum dots for ultrasensitive detection of organophosphorothioate pesticides. |
PubMed:Ecological vulnerability in wildlife: application of a species-ranking method to food chains and habitats. |
PubMed:Multiresidue analysis of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in duplicate-diet solid food by pressurized liquid extraction. |
PubMed:Enhanced pesticide sensitivity of novel housefly acetylcholinesterases: a new tool for the detection of residual pesticide contamination. |
PubMed:Vitamin E protects Wistar rats from chlorpyrifos-induced increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility. |
PubMed:Larvicidal activity of Asarum heterotropoides root constituents against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus togoi. |
PubMed:A fluoroimmunoassay based on quantum dot-streptavidin conjugate for the detection of chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Response and recovery of acetylcholinesterase activity in freshwater shrimp, Paratya australiensis (Decapoda: Atyidae) exposed to selected anti-cholinesterase insecticides. |
PubMed:Analysis of phosphorothionate pesticides using a chloroperoxidase pretreatment and acetylcholinesterase biosensor detection. |
PubMed:A rapid and sensitive fluoroimmunoassay based on quantum dot for the detection of chlorpyrifos residue in drinking water. |
PubMed:Characterization of sorption of endosulfan isomers and chlorpyrifos on container walls using mixed solvent systems. |
PubMed:Influence of biochars on plant uptake and dissipation of two pesticides in an agricultural soil. |
PubMed:The reliability of using urinary biomarkers to estimate children's exposures to chlorpyrifos and diazinon. |
PubMed:Organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) of Lactobacillus brevis WCP902 from kimchi is able to degrade organophosphorus pesticides. |
PubMed:Protective effect of catechin and quercetin on chlorpyrifos-induced lung toxicity in male rats. |
PubMed:Effect of the complex of zincII and ceriumIV with chitosan on the preservation quality and degradation of organophosphorus pesticides in Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). |
PubMed:Timing clorpirifos + cypermethrin and indoxacarb applications to control European corn borer damage and fumonisin contamination in maize kernels. |
PubMed:High levels of miticides and agrochemicals in North American apiaries: implications for honey bee health. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticides in seaweeds by pressurized liquid extraction and programmed temperature vaporization-based large volume injection-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Multiresidue pesticide analysis of ginseng powders using acetonitrile- or acetone-based extraction, solid-phase extraction cleanup, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/selective ion monitoring (GC-MS/SIM) or -tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). |
PubMed:Degradation of Chlorpyrifos by an alkaline phosphatase from the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. |
PubMed:Multi-enzyme inhibition assay for the detection of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates by high-performance thin-layer chromatography applied to determine enzyme inhibition factors and residues in juice and water samples. |
PubMed:The implications of using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for pesticide risk assessment. |
PubMed:Levels and seasonal variability of pesticides in the rural atmosphere of Southern Ontario. |
PubMed:Pyrethroid and organophosphorus pesticides in composite diet samples from Atlanta, USA adults. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in integrated pest management and nonintegrated pest management samples of apple (Malus pumila Mill.). |
PubMed:[Transfer of pesticide residues to crops via cardboard boxes]. |
PubMed:Bayesian modelling of long-term dietary intakes from multiple sources. |
PubMed:Exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos, diazinon, pentachlorophenol, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid over 3 years from 2003 to 2005: A longitudinal model. |
PubMed:Impact of food consumption habits on the pesticide dietary intake: comparison between a French vegetarian and the general population. |
PubMed:Brassinosteroids promote metabolism of pesticides in cucumber. |
PubMed:Metabolism of methoxychlor by Cunninghamella elegans ATCC36112. |
PubMed:Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative dietary acute exposure of the population of Denmark to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. |
PubMed:Exposure to pesticides residues from consumption of Italian blood oranges. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in apples grown under a conventional and integrated pest management system. |
PubMed:Organophosphorus pesticide residues in milled rice (Oryza sativa) on the Chinese market and dietary risk assessment. |
PubMed:Comparison of the hazards posed to amphibians by the glyphosate spray control program versus the chemical and physical activities of coca production in Colombia. |
PubMed:Assessment of heavy metal and pesticide levels in soil and plant products from agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia. |
PubMed:[Survey of pesticide residues in imported vegetable products (1992.4-2006.3)]. |
PubMed:Use of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight MS to discover the presence of pesticide metabolites in food samples. |
PubMed:Degradation behavior and products of malathion and chlorpyrifos spiked in apple juice by ultrasonic treatment. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in honey samples. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in dried table grapes from the Aegean region of Turkey. |
PubMed:Genotoxicity evaluation of chlorpyrifos to amphibian Chinese toad (Amphibian: Anura) by Comet assay and Micronucleus test. |
PubMed:Pesticide residue monitoring in Korean agricultural products, 2003-05. |
PubMed:Influence of Lobesia botrana field control on black aspergilli rot and ochratoxin A contamination in grapes. |
PubMed:Ecological vulnerability in wildlife: an expert judgment and multicriteria analysis tool using ecological traits to assess relative impact of pollutants. |
PubMed:Compensation for matrix effects in gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a single point standard addition. |
PubMed:Levels of metabolites of organophosphate pesticides, phthalates, and bisphenol A in pooled urine specimens from pregnant women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). |
PubMed:Electrochemical biosensor for pesticides based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized on polyaniline deposited on vertically assembled carbon nanotubes wrapped with ssDNA. |
PubMed:A piezoelectric immunosensor for the determination of pesticide residues and metabolites in fruit juices. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals in cucumber fruits produced from different farming systems. |
PubMed:Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by lactic acid bacteria during kimchi fermentation. |
PubMed:Genotoxicity of agricultural soils in the vicinity of industrial area. |
PubMed:Long-term effects on hypothalamic neuropeptides after developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos in mice. |
PubMed:Assessment of genotoxic and mutagenic effects of chlorpyrifos in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) using micronucleus assay and alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis. |
PubMed:Evaluation of the field dissipation of fungicides and insecticides used on fruit bearing trees in northern Italy. |
PubMed:Tumor promoting and co-carcinogenic effects in medium-term rat hepatocarcinogenesis are not modified by co-administration of 12 pesticides in mixture at acceptable daily intake. |
PubMed:A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities. |
PubMed:Reflectometric cutinase assay for rapid screening of contaminants and residues of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. |
PubMed:Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites in a humid-tropical vegetable production system. |
PubMed:Sperm motility in the fishes of pesticide exposed and from polluted rivers of Gomti and Ganga of north India. |
PubMed:Dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in fruits and vegetables may confound biomonitoring in organophosphorus insecticide exposure and risk assessment. |
PubMed:Dietary intake of organophosphorus pesticide residues through vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana. |
PubMed:Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction materials for the gas chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in waters. |
PubMed:Field aging of insecticides after repeated application to a northern Thailand ultisol. |
PubMed:Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment. |
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of the inclusion complex of chlorpyrifos in cyclodextrins to improve insecticide formulations. |
PubMed:Calculation of pesticide degradation in decaying cotton gin trash. |
PubMed:Insecticide contamination as a cause of food related illness. |
PubMed:Golfer exposure to chlorpyrifos and carbaryl following application to turfgrass. |
PubMed:Ecological impact of repeated applications of chlorpyrifos on zooplankton community in mesocosms under Mediterranean conditions. |
PubMed:Multiclass pesticide determination in olives and their processing factors in olive oil: comparison of different olive oil extraction systems. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues and reproductive dysfunction in different vertebrates from north India. |
PubMed:Effectiveness of pressurized liquid extraction and solvent extraction for the simultaneous quantification of 14 pesticide residues in green tea using GC. |
PubMed:Mortality of a wireworm, Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), after topical application of various insecticides. |
PubMed:Transitional sublethal and lethal effects of insecticides after dermal exposures to five economic species of wireworms (Coleoptera: Elateridae). |
PubMed:Genotoxicity of wastewaters used for irrigation of food crops. |
PubMed:Repellency of a wireworm, Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), on exposure to synthetic insecticides in a soil-less bioassay. |
PubMed:Dietary intake and its contribution to longitudinal organophosphorus pesticide exposure in urban/suburban children. |
PubMed:Comparison of different extraction methods for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in kiwi fruit using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticide chlorpyrifos residue in farmed fish: investigation of possible sources. |
PubMed:Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic methods. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos transformation by aqueous chlorine in the presence of bromide and natural organic matter. |
PubMed:[Study on usage of pesticides in various countries]. |
PubMed:Insecticide residues in stored grains in Sonora, Mexico: quantification and toxicity testing. |
PubMed:Developmental diazinon neurotoxicity in rats: later effects on emotional response. |
PubMed:Sediment microbes and biofilms increase the bioavailability of chlorpyrifos in Chironomus riparius (Chironomidae, Diptera). |
PubMed:Effects of genetic mutations and chemical exposures on Caenorhabditis elegans feeding: evaluation of a novel, high-throughput screening assay. |
PubMed:Multienzyme inhibition assay for residue analysis of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. |
PubMed:Testing the stability of pesticides during sample processing for the chlorpyrifos and malathion residue analysis in cucumber, including matrix effects. |
PubMed:Opuntia ficus indica extract protects against chlorpyrifos-induced damage on mice liver. |
PubMed:Solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of insecticides in honey. |
PubMed:Multimedia measurements and activity patterns in an observational pilot study of nine young children. |
PubMed:Cutinase inhibition by means of insecticidal organophosphates and carbamates. 3. Oxidation of phosphorothionates by chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in Italian Ready-Meals and dietary intake estimation. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticides in milk-based infant formulas by pressurized liquid extraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Sorption of chlorpyrifos to selected minerals and the effect of humic acid. |
PubMed:Toxicity and efficacy of selected pesticides and new acaricides to stored product mites (Acari: Acaridida). |
PubMed:Multiresidue analysis of four pesticide residues in water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) via pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatographic determination. |
PubMed:Zooplankton community responses to chlorpyrifos in mesocosms under Mediterranean conditions. |
PubMed:Adverse effect of organophosphate compounds, dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos in the reproductive tissues of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster: 70kDa heat shock protein as a marker of cellular damage. |
PubMed:Performance assessment and validation of a paramagnetic particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos in agricultural runoff waters. |
PubMed:[Effects of bagging on the microenvironment, yield and quality of overwintering tomato]. |
PubMed:Validation of an efficient method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using ethyl acetate for extraction. |
PubMed:Problems of positive list system revealed by survey of pesticide residue in food. |
PubMed:Safe apples for baby-food production: survey of pesticide treatment regimes leaving minimum residues. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. |
PubMed:Recoveries of four representative organophosphorus pesticides from 18 plant products belonging to different botanical categories: implications for matrix effects. |
PubMed:Dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides for young children in Tokyo and neighboring area. |
PubMed:Development of a simple extraction procedure for chlorpyrifos determination in food samples by immunoassay. |
PubMed:Large volume cold on-column injection for gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of selected pesticides in air samples. |
PubMed:Measurement uncertainty associated with sample processing of oranges and tomatoes for pesticide residue analysis. |
PubMed:Adaptation of the biobed composition for chlorpyrifos degradation to Southern Europe conditions. |
PubMed:Organophosphorus poisoning (acute). |
PubMed:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. |
PubMed:[Occurrence of some pesticides residues in peppermint Mentha piperita L. in 2003-2005]. |
PubMed:Effects of the pesticide clorpyrifos on an in vitro model of intestinal barrier. |
PubMed:Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a south Florida (U.S.A.) agricultural watershed: implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation. |
PubMed:Combined treatments of spinosad and chlorpyrifos-methyl for management of resistant psocid pests (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) of stored grain. |
PubMed:Insecticide dissipation after repeated field application to a Northern Thailand Ultisol. |
PubMed:[Photochemical degradation of chlorpyrifos in water]. |
PubMed:Effects of processing on pesticide residues in peaches intended for baby food. |
PubMed:Sublethal effects of three pesticides on larval survivorship, growth, and macromolecule production in the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans (diptera: chironomidae). |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos: ecological risk assessment in North American aquatic environments. |
PubMed:Assessment of the efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) cysts chorion as barrier to chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus pesticide) exposure. Effect on hatching and survival. |
PubMed:Assessment of uncertainty in a probabilistic model of consumer exposure to pesticide residues in food. |
PubMed:Chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos reveals two modes of action in the springtail Folsomia candida. |
PubMed:Effect of surface waxes on the persistence of chlorpyrifos-methyl in apples, strawberries and grapefruits. |
PubMed:Pesticides and their metabolites in the homes and urine of farmworker children living in the Salinas Valley, CA. |
PubMed:Persistence and efficacy of termiticides used in preconstruction treatments to soil in Mississippi. |
PubMed:Degradation of pesticides in nursery recycling pond waters. |
PubMed:Effect of grain storage and processing on chlorpyrifos-methyl and pirimiphos-methyl residues in post-harvest-treated wheat with regard to baby food safety requirements. |
PubMed:Organophosphate levels in apple composites and individual apples from a treated Canadian orchard. |
PubMed:Organic diets significantly lower children's dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. |
PubMed:Quality and safety assessment of ginseng extracts by determination of the contents of pesticides and metals. |
PubMed:Highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos. Application to olive oil analysis. |
PubMed:Wet deposition of current use pesticides at a rural location on the Delmarva Peninsula: impact of rainfall patterns and agricultural activity. |
PubMed:A summary of recent findings on birth outcomes and developmental effects of prenatal ETS, PAH, and pesticide exposures. |
PubMed:Effects of chronic dietary and repeated acute exposure to chlorpyrifos on learning and sustained attention in rats. |
PubMed:Pesticide occurrence in selected South Florida canals and Biscayne Bay during high agricultural activity. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in table-ready foods in Tanzania. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues survey in citrus fruits. |
PubMed:A case study of acute human chlorpyrifos poisoning: novel aspects on metabolism and toxicokinetics derived from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urine samples. |
PubMed:Determination of chlorpyrifos metabolites in human urine by reversed-phase/weak anion exchange liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:A preliminary assessment of consumer's exposure to pesticide residues in fisheries products. |
PubMed:Risk assessment through dietary intake of total diet contaminated with pesticide residues in Punjab, India, 1999-2002. |
PubMed:Investigation into the validity of extrapolation in setting maximum residue levels for pesticides in crops of similar morphology. |
PubMed:Determining kinetic and nonequilibrium sorption behavior for chlopyrifos using a hybrid batch/column experiment. |
PubMed:Fate of pesticides during the winemaking process in relation to malolactic fermentation. |
PubMed:The presence of dialkylphosphates in fresh fruit juices: implication for organophosphorus pesticide exposure and risk assessments. |
PubMed:The effect of cooking on chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol levels in chlorpyrifos-fortified produce for use in refining dietary exposure. |
PubMed:Effects of herbicide and insecticide interaction on soil entomofauna under maize crop. |
PubMed:Dermal absorption of chlorpyrifos in human volunteers. |
PubMed:Influence of two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and quinalphos, on arginine ammonification and mineralizable nitrogen in two tropical soil types. |
PubMed:Gas chromatographic evaluation of pesticide residue contents in nectarines after non-toxic washing treatments. |
PubMed:Monitoring of insecticide residues in cotton seed in Punjab, India. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticide residues in fresh peaches produced under conventional and integrated crop management cultivation. |
PubMed:Exposures of preschool children to chlorpyrifos and its degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in their everyday environments. |
PubMed:Estimating pesticide dose from urinary pesticide concentration data by creatinine correction in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III). |
PubMed:Twenty-four-hour urinary excretion of ten pesticide metabolites in healthy adults in two different areas of Italy (Florence and Ragusa). |
PubMed:[Investigation of pesticide residues in foods distributed in Kitakyushu City]. |
PubMed:Repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in Wistar rats with a mixture of five pesticides often found as residues in food: alphacypermethrin, bromopropylate, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos and mancozeb. |
PubMed:Contact and leaf residue activity of insecticides against the sweet Corn pest Euxesta stigmatias (Diptera: Otitidae). |
PubMed:Comparison of a sprayable pheromone formulation and two hand-applied pheromone dispensers foruse in the integrated control of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). |
PubMed:Soil photolysis in a moisture- and temperature-controlled environment. 2. Insecticides. |
PubMed:Activation of phosphorothionate pesticides based on a cytochrome P450 BM-3 (CYP102 A1) mutant for expanded neurotoxin detection in food using acetylcholinesterase biosensors. |
PubMed:[Use of methyl parathion (MP)-degrading strain DLL-E4 (Pseudomonas sp.) to remove MP residue on the surface of agricultural products]. |
PubMed:A freshwater food web model for the combined effects of nutrients and insecticide stress and subsequent recovery. |
PubMed:Distribution of multiple pesticide residues in apple segments after home processing. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos residue levels in avian food items following applications of a commercial EC formulation to alfalfa and citrus. |
PubMed:Transfer efficiencies of pesticides from household flooring surfaces to foods. |
PubMed:Influences of a laboratory diet and natural seston on the bioavailability of carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, and malathion to black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) in an acute toxicity test. |
PubMed:[Utilization of school lunch dietary data to estimate theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) of selected pesticide residues]. |
PubMed:Cumulative risk assessment of the intake of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in the Danish diet. |
PubMed:Bioavailability of the organophosphorous insecticide chlorpyrifos to the suspension-feeding bivalve, Mercenaria mercenaria, following exposure to dissolved and particulate matter. |
PubMed:Individual and mixture toxicity of three pesticides; atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and chlorothalonil to the marine phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta. |
PubMed:Organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican commercial pasteurized milk. |
PubMed:Interlaboratory comparison of extraction efficiency of pesticides from surface and laboratory water using solid-phase extraction disks. |
PubMed:Aggregate exposures of nine preschool children to persistent organic pollutants at day care and at home. |
PubMed:Pesticide degradation in a 'biobed' composting substrate. |
PubMed:Fate of 14C-chlorpyrifos in stored soybeans and its toxicological potential to mice. |
PubMed:Dissipation, distribution, and uptake of 14C-chlorpyrifos in a model tropical seawater/sediment/fish ecosystem. |
PubMed:Distributions, associations, and partial aggregate exposure of pesticides and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Minnesota Children's Pesticide Exposure Study (MNCPES). |
PubMed:Reaction of chlorpyrifos-methyl in aqueous hydrogen sulfide/bisulfide solutions. |
PubMed:Efficacy of ethiprole applied alone and in combination with conventional insecticides for protection of stored wheat and stored corn. |
PubMed:Predicting children's short-term exposure to pesticides: results of a questionnaire screening approach. |
PubMed:The persistence and degradation of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos in a cranberry bog. |
PubMed:Distribution, fate and effects of pesticide residues in tropical coastal lagoons of northwestern Mexico. |
PubMed:Fate of 14C-chlorpyrifos in the tropical estuarine environment. |
PubMed:Electrochemical bioassay for the investigation of chlorpyrifos-methyl in vine samples. |
PubMed:Chemistry and fate of fenvalerate and esfenvalerate. |
PubMed:Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the organophosphorus insecticide bromophos-ethyl. |
PubMed:Comparison of five extraction methods for determination of incurred and added pesticides in dietary composites. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in nonfatty foods by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: collaborative study. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos decline curves and residue levels from different commercial formulations applied to oranges. |
PubMed:Sublethal responses of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to organophosphorous insecticides. |
PubMed:Pollutants in house dust as indicators of indoor contamination. |
PubMed:Evaluation of the studies on decline of pesticide residues. |
PubMed:Evaluation of insecticide impregnated baits for control of mosquito larvae in land crab burrows on French Polynesian atolls. |
PubMed:Fate of (14)C-labeled soybean and corn pesticides in tropical soils of Brazil under laboratory conditions. |
PubMed:A new green analytical procedure for monitoring sub-nanogram amounts of chlorpyrifos on fruits using flow injection chemiluminescence with immobilized reagents. |
PubMed:Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos alters core temperature in the rat. |
PubMed:Exposure apportionment: ranking food items by their contribution to dietary exposure. |
PubMed:Volatilization of trifluralin, atrazine, metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, alpha-endosulfan, and beta-endosulfan from freshly tilled soil. |
PubMed:An ecological risk assessment for chlorpyrifos in an agriculturally dominated tributary of the San Joaquin River. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in Gaza Governorates, Palestine. |
PubMed:Food concentration affects the life history response of Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to chemicals with different mechanisms of action. |
PubMed:Analysis of aggregate exposure to chlorpyrifos in the NHEXAS-Maryland investigation. |
PubMed:Assessment of organophosphorous pesticide exposures in the diets of preschool children in Washington State. |
PubMed:Bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos through an experimental food chain: study of protein HSP70 as biomarker of sublethal stress in fish. |
PubMed:Levels of persistent organic pollutants in several child day care centers. |
PubMed:Effect of insecticides used in corn, sorghum, and alfalfa on the predator Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). |
PubMed:Risk assessment under FQPA: case study with chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:The presence of chemicals exuded by fish affects the life-history response of Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia to chemicals with different mechanisms of action. |
PubMed:Refinements in acute dietary exposure assessments for chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Diurnal variation in thermoregulatory response to chlorpyrifos and carbaryl in the rat. |
PubMed:Analysis of pesticide residues in eggs by direct sample introduction/gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. |
PubMed:Dietary exposure to chlorpyrifos and levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in urine. |
PubMed:Environmental distribution of acetochlor, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and propisochlor under field conditions. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Islamabad market. |
PubMed:Modeled estimates of chlorpyrifos exposure and dose for the Minnesota and Arizona NHEXAS populations. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in oranges from Valencia (Spain). |
PubMed:Determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides in spiked samples of tap water and fruit juices by a biosensor with photothermal detection. |
PubMed:Stability of chlorpyrifos for termiticidal control in six Australian soils. |
PubMed:Lindane, chlorpyriphos, and quinalphos residues in mustard seed and oil. |
PubMed:Use of human data for the derivation of a reference dose for chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Integrated control of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in peach orchards using insecticide and mating disruption. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticide residues in Egyptian fruits and vegetables during 1996. |
PubMed:Longitudinal investigation of dietary exposure to selected pesticides. |
PubMed:Movement and deposition of two organophosphorus pesticides within a residence after interior and exterior applications. |
PubMed:Reanalysis with optimized power of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity from a 1-year dietary treatment of dogs to chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos: an unwelcome pesticide in our homes. |
PubMed:Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Greek Virgin Olive Oil by Capillary Gas Chromatography. |
PubMed:Factors influencing total dietary exposures of young children. |
PubMed:Evaluation of control measures for black carpenter ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). |
PubMed:Purification and characterization of an esterase conferring resistance to fenitrothion in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (insecta, coleoptera, silvanidae). |
PubMed:Comparative toxicity of selected organophosphate insecticides against resistant and susceptible clones of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Homoptera: aphididae). |
PubMed:Reduction of pesticide residues on produce by rinsing. |
PubMed:Reduction of azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, and methomyl residues in processed apples. |
PubMed:Evaluation and validation of a commercial ELISA for diazinon in surface waters. |
PubMed:Properties of polyclonal, monoclonal, and recombinant antibodies recognizing the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos-ethyl. |
PubMed:Evolution of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes. |
PubMed:A modeling framework for estimating children's residential exposure and dose to chlorpyrifos via dermal residue contact and nondietary ingestion. |
PubMed:Reactivity of certain organophosphorus insecticides toward hydroxyl radicals at elevated air temperatures. |
PubMed:Use of stable tracer studies to evaluate pesticide photolysis at elevated temperatures. |
PubMed:Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos: probabilistic assessment of exposure and risk. |
PubMed:Screening of selected pesticides for oestrogen receptor activation in vitro. |
PubMed:Pesticide residues in grapes, wine, and their processing products. |
PubMed:Biomonitoring and whole body cotton dosimetry to estimate potential human dermal exposure to semivolatile chemicals. |
PubMed:Functional scFv antibody sequences against the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Does further clean-up reduce the matrix enhancement effect in gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in food? |
PubMed:Effect of pesticide residues on the aromatic composition of red wines. |
PubMed:U.S. market basket study to determine residues of the insecticide chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Determination of benomyl, diphenyl, o-phenylphenol, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, and methyl parathion in oranges by solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography. |
PubMed:The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) study in Arizona--introduction and preliminary results. |
PubMed:Evolution of residual levels of six pesticides during elaboration of red wines. Effect of wine-making procedures in their dissappearance. |
PubMed:Practical immunochemical method for determination of 3,5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in human urine: applications and considerations for exposure assessment. |
PubMed:Exposure endpoint selection in acute dietary risk assessment. |
PubMed:How to determine if an additional 10x safety factor is needed for chemicals: a case study with chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:14C-chlorpyrifos residues in tomatoes and tomato products. |
PubMed:The legislation of toxicologic safety factors: the Food Quality Protection Act with chlorpyrifos as a test case. |
PubMed:Aggregate exposures under the Food Quality Protection Act: An approach using chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Supercritical fluid extraction of pesticides from meat: a systematic approach for optimisation. |
PubMed:The dietary intake of chemical residues in Brisbane adults. |
PubMed:Complementation of GC-AED and ELISA for the determination of diazinon and chlorpyrifos in fruits and vegetables. |
PubMed:Chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, and lindane residues in sesame seed and oil (Sesamum indicum L.). |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos produces selective learning deficits in rats working under a schedule of repeated acquisition and performance. |
PubMed:Oxidative liver DNA damage in rats treated with pesticide mixtures. |
PubMed:Multivariate time of peak effects assessment for use in selecting time of testing in acute neurotoxicity studies. |
PubMed:Optimization of a matrix solid-phase dispersion method for the analysis of pesticide residues in vegetables. |
PubMed:Single-dose and 13-week repeated-dose neurotoxicity screening studies of chlorpyrifos insecticide. |
PubMed:Organohalogen and organophosphorus pesticides in mixed feed rations: findings from FDA's domestic surveillance during fiscal years 1989-1994. |
PubMed:Dietary exposures to selected metals and pesticides. |
PubMed:Monitoring of pesticide residues in human milk, soil, water, and food samples collected from Kafr El-Zayat Governorate. |
PubMed:Environmental pollutants alter taste responses in the gerbil. |
PubMed:Estimation of 1992-1993 dietary intake of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Fukuoka, Japan. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos: hazard assessment based on a review of the effects of short-term and long-term exposure in animals and humans. |
PubMed:Ecotoxicology of chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Cytogenetic effects on human lymphocytes of a mixture of fifteen pesticides commonly used in Italy. |
PubMed:Kinetic parameters of desulfuration and dearylation of parathion and chlorpyrifos by rat liver microsomes. |
PubMed:Determination of pesticides in indoor air and dust. |
PubMed:Survey of imported green coffee beans for pesticide residues. |
PubMed:Environmental fate of chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Bioavailability and biological activity of wheat-bound chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in rats. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae) from restaurants. |
PubMed:Determining organohalides in animal fats using gel permeation chromatographic cleanup: repeatability study. |
PubMed:Nutritional status and insecticide tolerance in German cockroaches (Orthoptera: Blattellidae). |
PubMed:Fate of malathion and chlorpyrifos methyl in rough rice and milling fractions before and after parboiling and cooking. |
PubMed:Noninfectious diseases, metabolic diseases, toxicities, and neoplastic diseases of South American camelids. |
PubMed:Selected incidents of illnesses and injuries related to exposure to pesticides reported by physicians in California in 1986. |
PubMed:Levels of airborne chlordane and chlorpyrifos in two plenum houses: Saranex S-15 as a vapor barrier. |
PubMed:A sampling method to determine insecticide residues on surfaces and its application to food-handling establishments. |
PubMed:On-column partition cleanup of fatty extracts for organophosphate pesticide residue determination. |
PubMed:Toxic and antifeeding actions of melittin in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie): comparisons to bee venom and the insecticides chlorpyriphos and cyromazine. |
PubMed:Insecticide residues in cattle treated with a cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, piperonyl butoxide-impregnated ear tag. |
PubMed:Residues of five pesticides in field-treated alfalfa seeds and alfalfa sprouts. |
PubMed:The Luke et al. method for determining multipesticide residues in fruits and vegetables: collaborative study. |
PubMed:Chlorpyrifos applied to California citrus: residue levels on foliage and on and in fruit. |
PubMed:Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of AC 222,705, benthiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methyl parathion, and permethrin in the estuarine environment. |
PubMed:Rapid cleanup procedure for gas-liquid chromatographic determination of chlorpyrifos-methyl residues in cat food. |
PubMed:Determination of chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol residues in peppermint hay and peppermint oil. |
PubMed:Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of organophosphorus insecticide residues in fruits and vegetables. |
PubMed:Insecticide residues in the air of buildings and pest control vehicles. |
PubMed:A new metabolite of chlorpyrifos: isolation and identification. |
PubMed:Determination of residues of chlorpyrifos, its oxygen analogue, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in tissues of cattle fed chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Residues of chlorpyrifos, its oxygen analogue, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in milk and cream from cows fed chlorpyrifos. |
PubMed:Diazinon and chlorpyrifos residues in food after insecticidal treatment in rooms. |
PubMed:Studies on the acute and long-term oral toxicity fo chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl-0(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate). |
PubMed:Residues of chlorpyrifos insecticide in various crops. I. Sweep co-distillation method for extraction and cleanup. |
PubMed:[The excretion of dursban and diazinon with the milk]. |
PubMed:Gas-propelled aerosols and micronized dusts for control of insects in aircraft. 4. Potential for controlling stored-product insects. |
PubMed:Gas chromatographic method for analysis of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan insecticides in topically treated houseflies. |
PubMed:Determination of Dursban insecticide in water, mud, vegetation, fish, ducks, insects, and crustacea. |
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