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senecionine
senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-

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CAS Number: 130-01-8Picture of molecule3D/inchi
FDA UNII: BO6N1U5YG6
Beilstein Number:0934445
MDL:MFCD00221720
XlogP3-AA:1.10 (est)
Molecular Weight:335.40025000
Formula:C18 H25 N O5
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 236.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 563.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 562.00 °F. TCC ( 294.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.880 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 5.262e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Senecionine 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Senecionine 97.5%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Senecionine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Senecio scandens. Study
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Senecionine
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Senecionin ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Senecionine analytical standard
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intravenous-hamster LD50 61 mg/kg
LIVER: "HEPATITIS (HEPATOCELLULAR NECROSIS), DIFFUSE" LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA BLOOD: "LYMPHOMA, INCLUDING HODGKIN'S DISEASE"
Research Today. Vol. 5, Pg. 53, 1949.

intravenous-mouse LD50 64 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 75, Pg. 69, 1942.

intravenous-rat LD50 41200 ug/kg
LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 87, Pg. 382, 1946.

oral-rat LD50 85 mg/kg
Toxicology Letters. Vol. 15, Pg. 19, 1983.

unreported-rat LD50 40 mg/kg
Cancer Research. Vol. 28, Pg. 2237, 1968.

intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 33 mg/kg
LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
Chemico-Biological Interactions. Vol. 12, Pg. 299, 1976.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for senecionine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for senecionine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Dietary exposure assessment to pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the European population
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5280906
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
Chemidplus:0000130018
RTECS:VT5710000 for cas# 130-01-8
 
References:
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):5280906
Pubchem (sid):134975558
Pherobase:View
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C06176
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 brachyglottis hectori
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
 aureine
12-hydroxysenecionan-11,16-dione
 senecionan-11,16-dione, 12-hydroxy-
 senecionin
 

Articles:

PubMed:UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids in feed.
PubMed:Three new monoterpene glucosides from Senecio solidagineus.
PubMed:Correction to Metabolomic and Genomic Evidence for Compromised Bile Acid Homeostasis by Senecionine, a Hepatotoxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid.
PubMed:Toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids to Spodoptera exigua using insect cell lines and injection bioassays.
PubMed:Mass-spectrometry-directed analysis and purification of pyrrolizidine alkaloid cis/trans isomers in Gynura japonica.
PubMed:Metabolomic and genomic evidence for compromised bile acid homeostasis by senecionine, a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
PubMed:[Determination of five pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Tusanqi and hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationship in the passage of different pyrrolizidine alkaloids through the gastrointestinal barrier: ABCB1 excretes heliotrine and echimidine.
PubMed:Development and validation of a rapid multiplex ELISA for pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides in honey and feed.
PubMed:Assessment of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced toxicity in an in vitro screening model.
PubMed:Analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and evaluation of some biological activities of Algerian Senecio delphinifolius (Asteraceae).
PubMed:The relationship between structurally different pyrrolizidine alkaloids and western flower thrips resistance in F(2) hybrids of Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea aquatica.
PubMed:Haematological and immunological effects of repeated dose exposure of rats to integerrimine N-oxide from Senecio brasiliensis.
PubMed:[Simultaneous quantitation of adonifoline and senecionine in Senecio herbs by UPLC-MS].
PubMed:Authentication of Senecio scandens and S. vulgaris based on the comprehensive secondary metabolic patterns gained by UPLC-DAD/ESI-MS.
PubMed:The comparative pharmacokinetics of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids, senecionine and adonifoline, and their main metabolites in rats after intravenous and oral administration by UPLC/ESIMS.
PubMed:Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome associated with consumption of Gynura segetum.
PubMed:The gender-dependent difference of liver GSH antioxidant system in mice and its influence on isoline-induced liver injury.
PubMed:[Ethyl acetate-soluble chemical constituents from whole plants of Senecio chrysanthemoides].
PubMed:Flavin-dependent monooxygenases as a detoxification mechanism in insects: new insights from the arctiids (lepidoptera).
PubMed:Glucuronidation, a new metabolic pathway for pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:Identification of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozyme involved in senecionine glucuronidation in human liver microsomes.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in pollen and pollen products.
PubMed:Intracellular glutathione plays important roles in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced growth inhibition on hepatocytes.
PubMed:Feeding deterrence and detrimental effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids fed to honey bees (Apis mellifera).
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of senecionine, adonifoline and their metabolites in rat serum by UPLC-ESIMS and its application in pharmacokinetic studies.
PubMed:Determination of senkirkine and senecionine in Tussilago farfara using microwave-assisted extraction and pressurized hot water extraction with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities of pyrrolizidine alkaloid-producing plants of Ethiopia.
PubMed:Simultaneous characterization of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and N-oxides in Gynura segetum by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Safety assessment of food and herbal products containing hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids: interlaboratory consistency and the importance of N-oxide determination.
PubMed:Involvement of Bcl-xL degradation and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.
PubMed:The toxicity of Senecio inaequidens DC.
PubMed:Identification of five hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Herba Senecionis scandentis (Qianliguang).
PubMed:Identification and quantification of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Ethiopian medicinal plant Solanecio gigas (Asteraceae).
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the endemic Mexican genus Pittocaulon and assignment of stereoisomeric 1,2-saturated necine bases.
PubMed:Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in senecio species by liquid chromatography/thermospray-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid level in Senecio bicolor (Wilid.) Tod, ssp. cineraria (DC.) from middle Europe.
PubMed:Dynamic pH junction-sweeping capillary electrophoresis for online preconcentration of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chinese herbal medicine.
PubMed:Do naïve ruminants degrade alkaloids in the rumen?
PubMed:Acquisition, transformation and maintenance of plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the polyphagous arctiid Grammia geneura.
PubMed:Separation and determination of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal medicines by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with organic modifier.
PubMed:Modeling K(m) values using electrotopological state: substrates for cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated metabolism.
PubMed:Frequent gain and loss of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the evolution of Senecio section Jacobaea (Asteraceae).
PubMed:Specific recognition, detoxification and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by the polyphagous arctiid Estigmene acrea.
PubMed:Direct evidence for membrane transport of host-plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides in two leaf beetle genera.
PubMed:Comparison of hepatic in vitro metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in sheep and cattle.
PubMed:Preventive activity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Seneciobrasiliensis (Asteraceae) on gastric and duodenal induced ulcer on mice and rats.
PubMed:Modulation of gastrin and epidermal growth factor by pyrrolizidine alkaloids obtained from Senecio brasiliensis in acute and chronic induced gastric ulcers.
PubMed:Differential metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid, senecionine, in Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats.
PubMed:Acquired and partially de novo synthesized pyrrolizidine alkaloids in two polyphagous arctiids and the alkaloid profiles of their larval food-plants.
PubMed:Variation in pyrrolizidine alkaloid patterns of Senecio jacobaea.
PubMed:Evaporative light scattering detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:Taste receptors for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in a monophagous caterpillar.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids as oviposition stimulants for the cinnabar moth, Tyria jacobaeae.
PubMed:Uptake and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Longitarsus flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) adapted and non-adapted to alkaloid-containing host plants.
PubMed:Biochemical strategy of sequestration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by adults and larvae of chrysomelid leaf beetles.
PubMed:Toxic pyrrolyzidine alkaloids from three mongolian plants. a possible risk for cattle poisoning.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles of some Senecio species from Egypt.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in insect chemical defense against the orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of N-oxides and free bases of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Alkaloids from Senecio aquaticus.
PubMed:Evolutionary recruitment of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase for the detoxification of host plant-acquired pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the alkaloid-defended arctiid moth Tyria jacobaeae.
PubMed:Interplant alkaloid variation and Senecio vernalis toxicity in cattle.
PubMed:Defensive chemistry of Senecio miser.
PubMed:Variability in chemical constituents in Petasites hybridus from Austria.
PubMed:SOS induction of selected naturally occurring substances in Escherichia coli (SOS chromotest).
PubMed:Hepatotoxicity associated with pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Crotalaria spp) ingestion in a horse on Easter Island.
PubMed:Species differences in the hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:[Veno-occlusive disease after prolonged treatment with senecionine (Hemoluol)].
PubMed:The roles of CYP3A and CYP2B isoforms in hepatic bioactivation and detoxification of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in sheep and hamsters.
PubMed:Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine.
PubMed:Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honey from selected sites by solid phase extraction and HPLC-MS.
PubMed:The two facies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: the role of the tertiary amine and its N-oxide in chemical defense of insects with acquired plant alkaloids.
PubMed:Recombinagenic activity of integerrimine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Senecio brasiliensis, in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Gynura divaricata.
PubMed:A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the senecionine type.
PubMed:Preparative separation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
PubMed:Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: immunogens based on quaternary pyrrolizidinium salts.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of three species of senecio in British Columbia.
PubMed:A cytochrome P4502B form is the major bioactivation enzyme for the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in guinea pig.
PubMed:Analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of some toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:The effect of spironolactone treatment on the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine by hepatic microsomes from rats and guinea pigs.
PubMed:Hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the Mexican medicinal plant Packera candidissima (Asteraceae: Senecioneae).
PubMed:Differing embryotoxic effects of senecionine and senecionine-N-oxide on the chick embryo.
PubMed:Structural influences on pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced cytopathology.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio leucanthemifolius and Senecio rodriguezii.
PubMed:Microsomal formation of a pyrrolic alcohol glutathione conjugate of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine.
PubMed:Hydrolysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids by guinea pig hepatic carboxylesterases.
PubMed:Detection of sulphur-conjugated pyrrolic metabolites in blood and fresh or fixed liver tissue from rats given a variety of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Werneria nubigena.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Melampyrum pratense.
PubMed:Sequestration of ingested [(14)C]senecionineN-oxide in the exocrine defensive secretions of chrysomelid beetles.
PubMed:DNA cross-linking in mammalian cells by pyrrolizidine alkaloids: structure-activity relationships.
PubMed:Flavin-containing monooxygenase: a major detoxifying enzyme for the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in guinea pig tissues.
PubMed:Role of cytochrome P450IIIA4 in the metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in human liver.
PubMed:Mechanisms for pyrrolizidine alkaloid activation and detoxification.
PubMed:Excretion and blood radioactivity levels following [14C]senecionine administration in the rat.
PubMed:N-acetylcysteine-conjugated pyrrole identified in rat urine following administration of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline and senecionine.
PubMed:The effect of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid integerrimine on the chromosomes of mouse bone marrow cells.
PubMed:Honeydew analysis for detecting phloem transport of plant natural products : Implications for host-plant resistance to sap-sucking insects.
PubMed:[Studies on the alkaloids of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr].
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. growing in Iceland.
PubMed:Bioactivation and detoxication of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat liver.
PubMed:The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase in the N-oxidation of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine.
PubMed:Human embryotoxicity of pyrrolizidine-containing drugs.
PubMed:Effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine and the alkenals trans-4-OH-hexenal and trans-2-hexenal on intracellular calcium compartmentation in isolated hepatocytes.
PubMed:Sites of synthesis, translocation and accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides in Senecio vulgaris L.
PubMed:Alkaloid N-oxides as transport and vacuolar storage compounds of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L.
PubMed:Metabolic links between the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and polyamines in root cultures of Senecio vulgaris.
PubMed:Macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio anonymus. Separation of a complex alkaloid extract using droplet counter-current chromatography.
PubMed:Identification of senecionine and senecionine N-oxide as antifertility constituents in Senecio vulgaris.
PubMed:Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites from mouse liver microsomes using tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in newborn infant of a woman drinking herbal tea.
PubMed:Livestock poisoning in South America by species of the Senecio plant.
PubMed:Species differences in the hepatic microsomal metabolism of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine.
PubMed:Alkaloid patterns and biosynthetic capacity of root cultures from some pyrrolizidine alkaloid producing Senecio species.
PubMed:Lipid peroxidation and cellular damage caused by the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, the alkenal trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, and related alkenals.
PubMed:Toxic actions of senaetnine, a new pyrrolizidine-type alkaloid, in rats.
PubMed:Microsomal metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: N-oxidation of seneciphylline and senecionine.
PubMed:[Solvent extraction and isolation of alkaloids A and B from Senecio fuberi].
PubMed:Metabolism and toxicity of anacrotine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, in rats.
PubMed:Role of cellular calcium homeostasis in toxic liver injury induced by the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine and the alkenal trans-4-OH-2-hexenal.
PubMed:Microsomal metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio jacobaea. Isolation and quantification of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine and N-oxides by high performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of selected pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a possible alkenal metabolite of the alkaloids, and related alkenals.
PubMed:Formation of cyclic adducts of deoxyguanosine with the aldehydes trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in vitro.
PubMed:Selective uptake of pyrrolizidine N-oxides by cell suspension cultures from pyrrolizidine alkaloid producing plants.
PubMed:The formation of 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxy-methyl-5H-pyrrolizine, a metabolite of pyrrolizidine alkaloids.
PubMed:Method for determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Senecio inaequidens D.C. by capillary gas chromatography.
PubMed:In vivo covalent binding of trans-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal to rat liver macromolecules.
PubMed:Comparative cytopathology of primary rat hepatocyte cultures exposed to aflatoxin B1, acetaminophen, and other hepatotoxins.
PubMed:trans-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal: a reactive metabolite from the macrocyclic pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine.
PubMed:Initiation and selection of resistant hepatocyte nodules in rats given the pyrrolizidine alkaloids lasiocarpine and senecionine.
PubMed:Genotoxicity of a variety of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hepatocyte primary culture-DNA repair test using rat, mouse, and hamster hepatocytes.
PubMed:In vivo covalent binding of retronecine-labelled [3H]seneciphylline and [3H]senecionine to DNA of rat liver, lung and kidney.
PubMed:Effect of seneciphylline and senecionine on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats.
PubMed:Senecionine from Gynura segetum.
PubMed:New guaianolides from Centaurea kandavanensis.
PubMed:Influences of various xenobiotic inducers on cytocidal toxicity of lasiocarpine and senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Two dihydropyrrolizine alkaloid metabolites isolated from mouse hepatic microsomes in vitro.
PubMed:Transfer of [3H]pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Senecio vulgaris L. and metabolites into rat milk and tissues.
PubMed:Comparison of the toxicities of Senecio jacobaea, Senecio vulgaris and Senecio glabellus in rats.
PubMed:A new pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite, 19-hydroxysenecionine isolated from mouse hepatic microsomes in vitro.
PubMed:Covalent binding of two pyrrolizidine alkaloids, senecionine and seneciphylline, to hepatic macromolecules and their distribution, excretion, and transfer into milk of lactating mice.
PubMed:Carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of an alkaloidal extract of Senecio nemorensis ssp. fuchsii.
PubMed:Alkaloids from Senecio aegyptius and S. desfontainei.
PubMed:Metabolism, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Effects of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids senecionine, retrorsine and seneciphylline on aminopyrine N-demethylase activity on the rat liver S-10 fraction.
PubMed:[On the gas-chromatographical determination of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of some Senecio-species].
PubMed:[Spasmolytic properties of pyrrolizidine alkaloids].
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: their occurrence in honey from tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.)
PubMed:Hepato- and pneumotoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and derivatives in relation to molecular structure.
PubMed:Senecionine, Seneciphylline, Jacobine and Otosenine from Senecio cineraria.
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis. Relative rates of incorporation of the isomers of isoleucine into the necic acid component of senecionine.
PubMed:[Various biochemical changes in the rat liver following acute senecionine poisoning. I. Changes in content of reduced glutathione, plasma proteins and bilirubin].
PubMed:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids: actions on muscarinic receptors in the guinea-pig ileum.
PubMed:Tumor inhibitors. XXII. Senecionine and senecionine N-oxide, the active principles of Senecio triangularis.
PubMed:The action of alloxan, senecionine, sulfadiazine, and thiouracil in the hamster.
PubMed:The effects of senecionine on the monkey.
PubMed:Effects of senecionine on the hamster and monkey.
 
Notes:
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