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prochloraz
1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide, N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 67747-09-5Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):68444-81-5
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:266-994-5
FDA UNII: 99SFL01YCL
Nikkaji Web:J19.087J
Beilstein Number:8155344
MDL:MFCD00078735
XlogP3:4.60 (est)
Molecular Weight:376.66792000
Formula:C15 H16 Cl3 N3 O2
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:herbicides / pesticides
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 48.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 499.80 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 493.00 °F. TCC ( 256.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 4.100
Soluble in:
 water, 34 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Prochloraz ≥98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Prochloraz is a fungicide commonly used in agriculture. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme lanosterol 14à-demethylase (CYP51A1).
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Prochloraz ≥97%
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Prochloraz PESTANAL®, analytical standard
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Prochloraz >98.0%(HPLC)(N)
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-bird - wild LD50 590 mg/kg
Defense des Vegetaux. Vol. 37, Pg. 121, 1983.

oral-duck LD50 3132 mg/kg
Pesticide Manual. Vol. 9, Pg. 701, 1991.

oral-mouse LD50 2400 mg/kg
Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C249, 1991.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 400 mg/kg
"Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989Vol. 11, Pg. 1231, 1989.

oral-rat LD50 1600 mg/kg
Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C249, 1991.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 3000 mg/kg
"Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1983-86Vol. A475, Pg. 1984

skin-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Defense des Vegetaux. Vol. 37, Pg. 121, 1983.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LCLo > 200 mg/m3
Defense des Vegetaux. Vol. 37, Pg. 121, 1983.
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
herbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for prochloraz usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for prochloraz flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Outcome of the consultation with Member States, applicant and EFSA on the pesticide risk assessment of confirmatory data for the active substance prochloraz
View page or View pdf

Retrospective analysis of the immunotoxic effects of plant protection products as reported in the Draft Assessment Reports for their peer review at EU level
View page or View pdf

Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for prochloraz in various commodities
View page or View pdf

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for prochloraz according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :73665
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide
Chemidplus:0067747095
RTECS:NI4000400 for cas# 67747-09-5
 
References:
 N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):73665
Pubchem (sid):135033695
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C11182
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
Export Tariff Code:2933.29.4300
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 ascurit
 DMI
1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide, N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-
 KI 835
 mirage
 prelude
N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxamide
1-(N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)carbamoyl)imidazole
N-propyl-N-(2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl)imidazole-1-carboxamide
N-propyl-N-[2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl]imidazole-1-carboxamide
 sporgon
 sportak
 sportak PF
 

Articles:

PubMed:The synergistic potential of the azole fungicides prochloraz and propiconazole toward a short α-cypermethrin pulse increases over time in Daphnia magna.
PubMed:A Novel Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein Gene (sreA) Identified in Penicilliumdigitatum Is Required for Prochloraz Resistance, Full Virulence and erg11 (cyp51) Regulation.
PubMed:Fungicide efflux and the MgMFS1 transporter contribute to the multidrug resistance phenotype in Zymoseptoria tritici field isolates.
PubMed:Dose-dependent compensation responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis of zebrafish exposed to the fungicide prochloraz.
PubMed:Differential gene expression patterns in developing sexually dimorphic rat brain regions exposed to antiandrogenic, estrogenic, or complex endocrine disruptor mixtures: glutamatergic synapses as target.
PubMed:Characterization of the Maize Stalk Rot Pathogens Fusarium subglutinans and F. temperatum and the Effect of Fungicides on Their Mycelial Growth and Colony Formation.
PubMed:Identification of environmental chemicals that induce yolk malabsorption in zebrafish using automated image segmentation.
PubMed:Antiandrogenic mechanisms of pesticides in human LNCaP prostate and H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells.
PubMed:[Determination of five imidazole pesticide residues in fruits by Turbo flow online purification-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Combination effects of (tri)azole fungicides on hormone production and xenobiotic metabolism in a human placental cell line.
PubMed:Sparingly soluble pesticide dissolved in ionic liquid aqueous.
PubMed:Development and validation of an OECD reproductive toxicity test guideline with the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Mollusca, Gastropoda).
PubMed:In vitro effects of various xenobiotics on Fusarium spp. strains isolated from cereals.
PubMed:Hepatotoxic effects of (tri)azole fungicides in a broad dose range.
PubMed:Prochloraz causes irreversible masculinization of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
PubMed:Environmental azole fungicide, prochloraz, can induce cross-resistance to medical triazoles in Candida glabrata.
PubMed:Novel mutations in CYP51B from Penicillium digitatum involved in prochloraz resistance.
PubMed:Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis for the determination of imazalil, prochloraz and thiabendazole in apples, cherry tomatoes and grape juice.
PubMed:Risk assessment based prioritization of 200 organic micropollutants in 4 Iberian rivers.
PubMed:Species-specific considerations in using the fish embryo test as an alternative to identify endocrine disruption.
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of novel functionalized prochloraz microcapsules using silica-alginate-elements as controlled release carrier materials.
PubMed:Development of cross-resistance by Aspergillus fumigatus to clinical azoles following exposure to prochloraz, an agricultural azole.
PubMed:Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel trichodermin derivatives as antifungal agents.
PubMed:Assessment of the sensitivity of three North American fish species to disruptors of steroidogenesis using in vitro tissue explants.
PubMed:The predictability of mixture toxicity of demethylase inhibiting fungicides to Daphnia magna depends on life-cycle parameters.
PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of nine preservatives in fruits using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Major pesticides are more toxic to human cells than their declared active principles.
PubMed:Applicability of computational systems biology in toxicology.
PubMed:A unique co-culture model for fundamental and applied studies of human fetoplacental steroidogenesis and interference by environmental chemicals.
PubMed:Genetic diversity in Monilinia laxa populations in stone fruit species in Hungary.
PubMed:More than just hormones: H295R cells as predictors of reproductive toxicity.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz on DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in vitro.
PubMed:A novel MDCKII in vitro model for assessing ABCG2-drug interactions and regulation of ABCG2 transport activity in the caprine mammary gland by environmental pollutants and pesticides.
PubMed:Environmental pollutants and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.
PubMed:Patterns of presence and concentration of pesticides in fish and waters of the Júcar River (Eastern Spain).
PubMed:Human poisoning with prochloraz imidazole fungicide.
PubMed:Transcriptome alterations in zebrafish embryos after exposure to environmental estrogens and anti-androgens can reveal endocrine disruption.
PubMed:A computational approach to mechanistic and predictive toxicology of pesticides.
PubMed:Concentration addition, independent action and generalized concentration addition models for mixture effect prediction of sex hormone synthesis in vitro.
PubMed:Exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus).
PubMed:Predictive value of cell assays for developmental toxicity and embryotoxicity of conazole fungicides.
PubMed:Sorption of selected pesticides on soils, sediment and straw from a constructed agricultural drainage ditch or pond.
PubMed:No proof of synergy at environmentally realistic concentrations of prochloraz and esfenvalerate--a reaction on "synergy in microcosms with environmentally realistic concentrations of prochloraz and esfenvalerate" by Bjergager et al. (Aquat. Toxicol. 101 (2011), 412-422).
PubMed:The effect of perinatal exposure to ethinyl oestradiol or a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides on kisspeptin neurons in the rat hypothalamus.
PubMed:Corticosteroid production in H295R cells during exposure to 3 endocrine disrupters analyzed with LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Synthesis and antifungal activities of trichodermin derivatives as fungicides on rice.
PubMed:Thyme oil vapour and modified atmosphere packaging reduce anthracnose incidence and maintain fruit quality in avocado.
PubMed:Test concentration setting for fish in vivo endocrine screening assays.
PubMed:Ambient diode laser desorption dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry of nonvolatile chemicals.
PubMed:Cross-species conservation of endocrine pathways: a critical analysis of tier 1 fish and rat screening assays with 12 model chemicals.
PubMed:Acaricide, fungicide and drug interactions in honey bees (Apis mellifera).
PubMed:The first report on mushroom green mould disease in Croatia.
PubMed:Probabilistic assessment of the cumulative dietary exposure of the population of Denmark to endocrine disrupting pesticides.
PubMed:A case of acute prochloraz-manganese complex intoxication treated with extracorporeal elimination.
PubMed:The maturity index as a tool to facilitate the interpretation of changes in vitellogenin production and sex ratio in the Fish Sexual Development Test.
PubMed:Liquid-solid sample preparation followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction determination of multiclass pesticides in soil.
PubMed:Fungicide prochloraz and environmental pollutant dioxin induce the ABCG2 transporter in bovine mammary epithelial cells by the arylhydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway.
PubMed:Fungicide resistance status in French populations of the wheat eyespot fungi Oculimacula acuformis and Oculimacula yallundae.
PubMed:Determination of fungicide residues in baby food by liquid chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Discovery and validation of gene classifiers for endocrine-disrupting chemicals in zebrafish (danio rerio).
PubMed:Screening for modulatory effects on steroidogenesis using the human H295R adrenocortical cell line: a metabolomics approach.
PubMed:Toxic effects of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level: their relevance to human health.
PubMed:Prenatal prochloraz treatment significantly increases pregnancy length and reduces offspring weight but does not affect social-olfactory memory in rats.
PubMed:Persistent developmental toxicity in rat offspring after low dose exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides.
PubMed:Adverse effects on sexual development in rat offspring after low dose exposure to a mixture of endocrine disrupting pesticides.
PubMed:The power of hyphenated chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in public health laboratories.
PubMed:BLTK1 murine Leydig cells: a novel steroidogenic model for evaluating the effects of reproductive and developmental toxicants.
PubMed:Synergy between prochloraz and esfenvalerate in Daphnia magna from acute and subchronic exposures in the laboratory and microcosms.
PubMed:H295R cells as a model for steroidogenic disruption: a broader perspective using simultaneous chemical analysis of 7 key steroid hormones.
PubMed:Inhibitors of testosterone biosynthetic and metabolic activation enzymes.
PubMed:Molecular and cellular effects of chemicals disrupting steroidogenesis during early ovarian development of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario).
PubMed:Comparison of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as test species in the Fish Sexual Development Test (FSDT).
PubMed:Effect of fenpropimorph, prochloraz and tebuconazole on growth and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium langsethiae in oat-based medium.
PubMed:Combination of 1-methylcyclopropene treatment and controlled atmosphere storage retains overall fruit quality and bioactive compounds in mango.
PubMed:Proteomic analysis of zebrafish brain tissue following exposure to the pesticide prochloraz.
PubMed:Mode of sexual differentiation and its influence on the relative sensitivity of the fathead minnow and zebrafish in the fish sexual development test.
PubMed:Biochemical markers of contamination in fish toxicity tests.
PubMed:Molecular modelling of the emergence of azole resistance in Mycosphaerella graminicola.
PubMed:Prochloraz effects on biomarkers activity in zebrafish early life stages and adults.
PubMed:Effects of Prochloraz fungicide on soil enzymatic activities and bacterial communities.
PubMed:Determination of azoles in sewage sludge from Spanish wastewater treatment plants by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Effects of a short-term exposure to the fungicide prochloraz on endocrine function and gene expression in female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
PubMed:Development of an ex vivo brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) gonad culture for assessing chemical effects on steroidogenesis.
PubMed:Synergy in microcosms with environmentally realistic concentrations of prochloraz and esfenvalerate.
PubMed:Effects of subchronic exposure to Spartakus (prochloraz) on common carp Cyprinus carpio.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz or propylthiouracil on the cross-talk between the HPG, HPA, and HPT axes in zebrafish.
PubMed:Comparative study of human and mouse pregnane X receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using in vitro reporter gene assays.
PubMed:A sub-nanomole level electrochemical method for determination of prochloraz and its metabolites based on medical stone doped disposable electrode.
PubMed:Synergism between demethylation inhibitor fungicides or gibberellin inhibitor plant growth regulators and bifenthrin in a pyrethroid-resistant population of Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
PubMed:Species extrapolation for the 21st century.
PubMed:Characterization of the androgen-sensitive MDA-kb2 cell line for assessing complex environmental mixtures.
PubMed:Prochloraz-induced oocyte maturation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a molecular and functional analysis.
PubMed:Endocrine disrupting effects in vitro of conazole antifungals used as pesticides and pharmaceuticals.
PubMed:Mixture effects of imidazole fungicides on cortisol and aldosterone secretion in human adrenocortical H295R cells.
PubMed:Combined exposures to anti-androgenic chemicals: steps towards cumulative risk assessment.
PubMed:Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of reproductive toxicants that disrupt common target tissues via diverse mechanisms of toxicity.
PubMed:Combined exposure to endocrine disrupting pesticides impairs parturition, causes pup mortality and affects sexual differentiation in rats.
PubMed:A transcriptomics-based biological framework for studying mechanisms of endocrine disruption in small fish species.
PubMed:Development, validation and application of a methodology based on solid-phase micro extraction followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) for the determination of pesticide residues in mangoes.
PubMed:Toxicity of fungicides with different modes of action to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus.
PubMed:Mixture effects of endocrine disrupting compounds in vitro.
PubMed:Assessment of chemical effects on aromatase activity using the H295R cell line.
PubMed:Pesticide cocktails can interact synergistically on aquatic crustaceans.
PubMed:Synergistic disruption of external male sex organ development by a mixture of four antiandrogens.
PubMed:Xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochromes p450 in human white adipose tissue: expression and induction.
PubMed:Multi-residue analysis of 30 currently used pesticides in fine airborne particulate matter (PM 2.5) by microwave-assisted extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:The inducibility of human cytochrome P450 1A by environmental-relevant xenobiotics in the human hepatoma derived cell line HepG2.
PubMed:Screening for (anti)androgenic properties using a standard operation protocol based on the human stably transfected androgen sensitive PALM cell line. First steps towards validation.
PubMed:Assessment of a recombinant androgen receptor binding assay: initial steps towards validation.
PubMed:Toxicity profiles of four metals and 17 xenobiotics in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis--a comparison.
PubMed:Dynamic nature of alterations in the endocrine system of fathead minnows exposed to the fungicide prochloraz.
PubMed:A biphasic effect of the fungicide prochloraz on aldosterone, but not cortisol, secretion in human adrenal H295R cells--underlying mechanisms.
PubMed:Probabilistic cumulative risk assessment of anti-androgenic pesticides in food.
PubMed:Determination of pesticide residues in fruit-based soft drinks.
PubMed:In vitro toxicity of selected fungicides from the groups of benzimidazoles and demethylation inhibitors to Cladobotryum dendroides and Agaricus bisporus.
PubMed:Characterization of sterol demethylation inhibitor-resistant isolates of Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum collected from wheat in China.
PubMed:The usual suspects-influence of physicochemical properties on lag time, skin deposition, and percutaneous penetration of nine model compounds.
PubMed:Chronic toxicity of five structurally diverse demethylase-inhibiting fungicides to the crustacean Daphnia magna: a comparative assessment.
PubMed:Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for trace analysis of agrochemicals in food.
PubMed:Degradation dynamics and dissipation kinetics of an imidazole fungicide (Prochloraz) in aqueous medium of varying pH.
PubMed:Control of strobilurin fungicides in wheat using direct analysis in real time accurate time-of-flight and desorption electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Impact of postharvest disease control methods and cold storage on volatiles, color development and fruit quality in ripe 'kensington pride' mangoes.
PubMed:In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron.
PubMed:Responses of the medaka HPG axis PCR array and reproduction to prochloraz and ketoconazole.
PubMed:Measurement and modeling of the toxicity of binary mixtures in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans--a test of independent action.
PubMed:Secretion of cortisol and aldosterone as a vulnerable target for adrenal endocrine disruption - screening of 30 selected chemicals in the human H295R cell model.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz and ethinylestradiol on sexual development in Rana temporaria.
PubMed:Diverse mechanisms of anti-androgen action: impact on male rat reproductive tract development.
PubMed:A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats.
PubMed:Potential of 11 pesticides to initiate downstream drift of stream macroinvertebrates.
PubMed:Effect of prochloraz fungicide on biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.).
PubMed:Determination of postharvest fungicides in fruit juices by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:p-Nitro-N-propylaniline/silica: synthesis, characterization, and its application in matrix solid phase dispersion for multiresidue analysis of pesticides in carrots.
PubMed:Analyses of pesticide residues in fruit-based baby food by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Mutations in the CYP51 gene correlated with changes in sensitivity to sterol 14 alpha-demethylation inhibitors in field isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola.
PubMed:A novel substitution I381V in the sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of Mycosphaerella graminicola is differentially selected by azole fungicides.
PubMed:Comparison of fathead minnow ovary explant and H295R cell-based steroidogenesis assays for identifying endocrine-active chemicals.
PubMed:Comprehensive multi-residue method for the target analysis of pesticides in crops using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Linkage of biochemical responses to population-level effects: a case study with vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
PubMed:Sensitivity of fetal rat testicular steroidogenesis to maternal prochloraz exposure and the underlying mechanism of inhibition.
PubMed:Prochloraz inhibits testosterone production at dosages below those that affect androgen-dependent organ weights or the onset of puberty in the male Sprague Dawley rat.
PubMed:Effects of the fungicide prochloraz on the sexual development of zebrafish (Danio rerio).
PubMed:Effects of various pesticides on human 5alpha-reductase activity in prostate and LNCaP cells.
PubMed:The OECD Validation Program of the H295R Steroidogenesis Assay for the Identification of In Vitro Inhibitors and Inducers of Testosterone and Estradiol Production. Phase 2: Inter-Laboratory Pre-Validation Studies (8 pp).
PubMed:Inhibition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) P450 aromatase activities in brain and ovarian microsomes by various environmental substances.
PubMed:Modulation of aromatase activity and mRNA by various selected pesticides in the human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell line.
PubMed:Human adrenocarcinoma (H295R) cells for rapid in vitro determination of effects on steroidogenesis: hormone production.
PubMed:Residue evaluation of the azole fungicides prochloraz and tebuconazole in the white mushroom Agaricus bisporus.
PubMed:Is prochloraz a potent synergist across aquatic species? A study on bacteria, daphnia, algae and higher plants.
PubMed:Evaluation of a commercial kit for measuring vitellogenin in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
PubMed:Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system.
PubMed:Prochloraz: an imidazole fungicide with multiple mechanisms of action.
PubMed:Fungicide control of mushroom cobweb disease caused by Cladobotryum strains with different benzimidazole resistance profiles.
PubMed:Mechanisms of action underlying the antiandrogenic effects of the fungicide prochloraz.
PubMed:Inhibition of human CYP19 by azoles used as antifungal agents and aromatase inhibitors, using a new LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of estradiol product formation.
PubMed:Impact of environmental chemicals on the thyroid hormone function in pituitary rat GH3 cells.
PubMed:Effect of pesticides on estrogen receptor transactivation in vitro: a comparison of stable transfected MVLN and transient transfected MCF-7 cells.
PubMed:Azole and fungicide resistance in clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus isolates.
PubMed:Cytochrome P4501A induction caused by the imidazole derivative Prochloraz in a rainbow trout cell line.
PubMed:Reduced sensitivity of the mushroom pathogen Verticillium fungicola to prochloraz-manganese in vitro.
PubMed:Discovering metabolites of post-harvest fungicides in citrus with liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Pesticide residues survey in citrus fruits.
PubMed:Effects of two fungicides with multiple modes of action on reproductive endocrine function in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas).
PubMed:Percutaneous penetration through slightly damaged skin.
PubMed:Perinatal exposure to the fungicide prochloraz feminizes the male rat offspring.
PubMed:Effectiveness of some means using against root rot on parsley seedling root.
PubMed:Comparative sublethal toxicity of nine pesticides on olfactory learning performances of the honeybee Apis mellifera.
PubMed:Late gestational exposure to the fungicide prochloraz delays the onset of parturition and causes reproductive malformations in male but not female rat offspring.
PubMed:Comparative effect of the fungicide Prochloraz-Mn on Agaricus bisporus vegetative-mycelium and fruit-body cell walls.
PubMed:Antiandrogenic effects in short-term in vivo studies of the fungicide fenarimol.
PubMed:Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans.
PubMed:The combined antiandrogenic effects of five commonly used pesticides.
PubMed:In vitro percutaneous penetration of five pesticides--effects of molecular weight and solubility characteristics.
PubMed:Effect of in vitro estrogenic pesticides on human oestrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNA levels.
PubMed:Chlorophenol removal from soil suspensions: effects of a specialised microbial inoculum and a degradable analogue.
PubMed:Agonistic effect of imidazole and triazole fungicides on in vitro oocyte maturation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
PubMed:Effects of the pesticides prochloraz and methiocarb on human estrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNA levels analyzed by on-line RT-PCR.
PubMed:A mini-bag technique for evaluation of fungicide effects on Trichoderma spp in mushroom compost.
PubMed:Biology and integrated control of Pestalotiopsis on container-grown ericaceous crops.
PubMed:Effects of pesticides on yeasts isolated from agricultural soil.
PubMed:Chemobehavioral changes induced by short-term exposures to prochloraz, nicosulfuron, and carbofuran in goldfish.
PubMed:Phthalate ester-induced gubernacular lesions are associated with reduced insl3 gene expression in the fetal rat testis.
PubMed:A comparison of human H295R and rat R2C cell lines as in vitro screening tools for effects on aromatase.
PubMed:Effects of currently used pesticides in the AhR-CALUX assay: comparison between the human TV101L and the rat H4IIE cell line.
PubMed:Persistence of the fungicides thiabendazole, carbendazim and prochloraz-Mn in mushroom casing soil.
PubMed:Solid-phase microextraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to determine postharvest fungicides in fruits.
PubMed:Complexation of several fungicides with beta-cyclodextrin: determination of the association constants and isolation of the solid complexes.
PubMed:Determination of seventeen polar/thermolabile pesticides in apples and apricots by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Antiandrogenic effects in vitro and in vivo of the fungicide prochloraz.
PubMed:Effect of the fungicide Prochloraz-Mn on the cell wall structure of Verticillium fungicola.
PubMed:Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells.
PubMed:Monitoring of five postharvest fungicides in fruit and vegetables by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Release characteristics of encapsulated formulations incorporating plant growth factors.
PubMed:Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro.
PubMed:Determination of fungicide residues in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of thiabendazole, prochloraz and procymidone in grapes.
PubMed:Development and evaluation of an immunoassay for biological monitoring chlorophenols in urine as potential indicators of occupational exposure.
PubMed:Analysis of post-harvest fungicides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
PubMed:Identification of the major metabolites of prochloraz in rainbow trout by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Sensitivity of mango anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, to the fungicide prochloraz in Taiwan.
PubMed:Behavioral and olfactory responses to prochloraz, bentazone, and nicosulfuron-contaminated flows in goldfish.
PubMed:The further development of rainbow trout primary epithelial cell cultures as a diagnostic tool in ecotoxicology risk assessment.
PubMed:Sensitivity of muscle satellite cells to pollutants: an in vitro and in vivo comparative approach.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate on hepatic biotransformation enzymes in trout: a comparative in vitro/in vivo-assessment using cultured hepatocytes.
PubMed:Prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate inhibit an mdr1-like activity in vitro, but do not alter hepatic levels of P-glycoprotein in trout exposed in vivo.
PubMed:In vitro effect of various xenobiotics on trout gill cell volume regulation after hypotonic shock.
PubMed:In vivo and in vitro effects of prochloraz and nonylphenol ethoxylates on trout spermatogenesis.
PubMed:Metabolic fate of 2,4-dichloroaniline, prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate in rainbow trout: a comparative in vivo/in vitro approach.
PubMed:Cellular approaches for diagnostic effects assessment in ecotoxicology: introductory remarks to an EU-funded project.
PubMed:Cloning of the CYP51 gene from the eyespot pathogen Tapesia yallundae indicates that resistance to the DMI fungicide prochloraz is not related to sequence changes in the gene encoding the target site enzyme.
PubMed:Genetic control of resistance to the sterol 14alpha-demethylase inhibitor fungicide prochloraz in the cereal eyespot pathogen Tapesia yallundae.
PubMed:Hot phosphate-buffered water extraction coupled on-line with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for analyzing contaminants in soil.
PubMed:Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro.
PubMed:Screening of selected pesticides for oestrogen receptor activation in vitro.
PubMed:Antimicrobial activity of o-carboranylalanine.
PubMed:Sorption behavior of prochloraz in different soils.
PubMed:Induction of cytochrome P450 activities in Drosophila melanogaster strains susceptible or resistant to insecticides.
PubMed:Avian forms of cytochrome P450.
PubMed:Joint actions of deltamethrin and azole fungicides on honey bee thermoregulation.
PubMed:Initiation and promotion of altered hepatic foci in female rats and inhibition of cell-cell communication by the imidazole fungicide prochloraz.
PubMed:The use of biomarkers to measure the interactive effects of chemicals.
PubMed:Simplified determination of combined residues of prochloraz and its metabolites in vegetable, fruit and wheat samples by gas chromatography.
PubMed:In vitro sensitivity of Verticillium fungicola to selected fungicides.
PubMed:Imidazole fungicides provoke histamine release from mast cells and induce airway contraction.
PubMed:Degradation of prochloraz and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by environmental bacterial strains.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz and malathion on the red-legged partridge: a semi-natural field study.
PubMed:The study of interactive effects of pollutants: a biomarker approach.
PubMed:Metabolism of an imidazole fungicide (prochloraz) in the rat after oral administration.
PubMed:The profile of rat liver enzyme induction produced by prochloraz and its major metabolites.
PubMed:The metabolism and excretion of prochloraz, an imidazole-based fungicide, in the rat.
PubMed:Postharvest-applied agrochemicals and their residues in fresh fruits and vegetables.
PubMed:A rapid in vivo bioassay for the carcinogenicity of pesticides.
PubMed:In vitro effects of an imidazole antifungal, prochloraz, on spectral and catalytic properties of microsomal cytochromes P-450.
PubMed:Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450IA1 in pigeons treated in vivo with Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
PubMed:Prochloraz as potent inhibitor of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and mutagenic activity in rat liver fractions.
PubMed:Induction and inhibition of rat liver cytochrome(s) P-450 by an imidazole fungicide (prochloraz).
PubMed:The monooxygenases of birds, reptiles and amphibians.
PubMed:Effects of the fungicide prochloraz on xenobiotic metabolism in rainbow trout: inhibition in vitro and time course of induction in vivo.
PubMed:Effects of the fungicide prochloraz on xenobiotic metabolism in rainbow trout: in vivo induction.
PubMed:The effects of prochloraz on some microsomal parameters in rat liver.
PubMed:[Isolation of imazalil and prochloraz resistant Penicillium variable strains from a commercial citrus warehouse].
PubMed:Imidazole antimycotics: selective inhibitors of steroid aromatization and progesterone hydroxylation.
PubMed:Effects of prochloraz on drug metabolism in the Japanese quail, grey partridge, chicken, and pheasant.
PubMed:Residues analysis of post-harvest imidazole fungicides in citrus fruit by HPLC and GLC.
 
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