Category:solvents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
Appearance: | colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est) |
Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
Specific Gravity: | 1.46300 @ 25.00 °C.
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Melting Point: | 87.00 to 88.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Boiling Point: | 87.20 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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Vapor Pressure: | 69.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
Flash Point: | 54.00 °F. TCC ( 12.10 °C. ) (est)
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logP (o/w): | 2.420 |
Soluble in: |
| water, 1280 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
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Hazards identification |
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Classification of the substance or mixture |
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
None found. |
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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Pictogram | |
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Hazard statement(s) |
None found. |
Precautionary statement(s) |
None found. |
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 4920 mg/kg Industrial Health. Vol. 32, Pg. 145, 1994.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 1282 mg/kg Environmental Research. Vol. 40, Pg. 411, 1986.
oral-cat LDLo 5864 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 76, 1959.
intraperitoneal-dog LD50 1900 mg/kg LIVER: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS IMPAIRED Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 10, Pg. 119, 1967.
intravenous-dog LDLo 150 mg/kg Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934.
oral-human LDLo 7000 mg/kg Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 35, Pg. 295, 1976.
oral-man TDLo 1 mL/kg BEHAVIORAL: COMA
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Toxicological Sciences. Vol. 41, Pg. 157, 1998.
oral-man TDLo 2143 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 602, 1969.
intravenous-mouse LD50 33900 ug/kg "Summary Tables of Biological Tests," National Research Council Chemical-Biological Coordination Center. Vol. 6, Pg. 141, 1954.
oral-mouse LD50 2402 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER
BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A080-636
oral-rabbit LDLo 7330 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 76, 1959.
intratracheal-rat LDLo 150 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0520615
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Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-dog LDLo 150 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 76, 1959.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 16000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: SLEEP Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 123, Pg. 224, 1958.
skin-rabbit LD50 > 20000 mg/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A062-138
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 1800 mg/kg Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 7, Pg. 205, 1934.
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Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-mouse LC50 8450 ppm/4H Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 9, Pg. 303, 1953.
inhalation-cat LCLo 32500 mg/m3/2H PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriologie. Vol. 116, Pg. 131, 1936.
inhalation-guinea pig LCLo 37200 ppm/40M "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 76, 1959.
inhalation-human TCLo 160 ppm/83M BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 23, Pg. 167, 1962.
inhalation-human TCLo 500 ppm/16.1Y- KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: CHANGES IN BOTH TUBULES AND GLOMERULI
KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: PROTEINURIS Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 73, Pg. 246, 1999.
inhalation-human TCLo 812 mg/kg GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED" British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 689, 1945.
inhalation-human TCLo 6900 mg/m3/10M BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Archiv fuer Hygiene und Bakteriologie. Vol. 116, Pg. 131, 1936.
inhalation-man LCLo 2900 ppm New Zealand Medical Journal. Vol. 50, Pg. 119, 1951.
inhalation-man TCLo 110 ppm/8H BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS"
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol. 28, Pg. 293, 1971.
inhalation-rabbit LCLo 11000 ppm FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series. Vol. 48A, Pg. 121, 1970.
inhalation-rat LCLo 4800 ppm/4H AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 4, Pg. 469, 1951.
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Safety in Use Information:
Category: | solvents |
Recommendation for trichloroethylene usage levels up to: | | not for fragrance use.
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Recommendation for trichloroethylene flavor usage levels up to: |
| not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
(IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
(IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
CHEBI: | View |
CHEMBL: | View |
UM BBD: | Search |
KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06790 |
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB29593 |
FooDB: | FDB000752 |
Export Tariff Code: | 2903.22.0000 |
ChemSpider: | View |
Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations: •medicinal trichloroethylene may contain thymol as a preservative; industrial grades may contain stabilizers, such as triethylamine.
•grades: usp; technical; high purity; electronic; metal degreasing; extraction.
•trichloroethylene is available in the usa in high-purity, electronic usp, technical, metal degreasing and extraction grades
•commercial grades of trichloroethylene, formulated to meet use requirements, differ in the amount and type of added inhibitor. typical grades contain >99% trichloroethylene; they include a neutrally inhibited vapor-degreasing grade and a technical grade for use in formulations.
•stabilizers that have been used in formulations of trichloroethylene include neutral inhibitors and free-radical scavengers, amyl alcohol, n-propanol, isobutanol, 2-pentanol, diethylamine, triethylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, morpholine, n-methylmorpholine, aniline, acetone, ethyl acetate, borate esters, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1,2-epoxybutane, cyclohexene oxide, butadiene dioxide, styrene oxide, pentene oxide, 2,3-epoxy-1-propenol, 3-methoxy-1,2-epoxypropane, stearates, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2-methyl-1,2-epoxypropanol, epoxycyclopentanol, epichlorohydrin, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,4-dioxane, dioxalane, trioxane, alkoxyaldehyde hydrazones, methyl ethyl ketone, nitromethanes, nitropropanes, phenol, ortho-cresol, thymol, para-tert-butylphenol, para-tert-amylphenol, isoeugenol, pyrrole, n-methylpyrrole, n-ethylpyrrole, (2-pyrryl)trimethylsilane, glycidyl acetate, isocyanates and thiazoles.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
1- | chloro-2,2-dichloroethylene | 1,1- | dichloro-2-chloroethylene | | ethene, 1,1,2-trichloro- | | ethylene trichloride | | trichloroethene | 1,1,2- | trichloroethene | 1,1,2- | trichloroethylene | 1,2,2- | trichloroethylene | | trilene |
Articles:
PubMed:The Potential of the Ni-Resistant TCE-Degrading Pseudomonas putida W619-TCE to Reduce Phytotoxicity and Improve Phytoremediation Efficiency of Poplar Cuttings on A Ni-TCE Co-Contamination. |
PubMed:"Cutaneous adverse drug reactions" are not always drug-induced. |
PubMed:Ultra sound assisted one step rapid derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric determination of amino acids in complex matrices. |
PubMed:Protistan predation affects trichloroethene biodegradation in a bedrock aquifer. |
PubMed:Solvent tolerance acquired by Brevibacillus brevis during an olive-waste vermicomposting process. |
PubMed:The use of nonregular fractional factorial designs in combination toxicity studies. |
PubMed:Effect of trichloroethylene (TCE) toxicity on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, brush border membrane and oxidative stress in kidney and other rat tissues. |
PubMed:Risk assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds in groundwater in Taiwan. |
PubMed:Insight into the variation in calculated human exposure to soil contaminants using seven different European models. |
PubMed:Uses of and exposure to trichloroethylene in U.S. industry: a systematic literature review. |
PubMed:Use of beer bran as an adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds from wastewater. |
PubMed:Continuous treatment of gas-phase trichloroethylene by Burkholderia cepacia G4 in a two-stage continuous stirred tank reactor/trickling biofilter system. |
PubMed:Biochemical reaction network modeling: predicting metabolism of organic chemical mixtures. |
PubMed:An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas. |
PubMed:[Two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis on effects of trichloroethylene on protein of L-02 liver cells]. |
PubMed:Analysis of dichloroacetic acid in rat blood and tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. |
PubMed:Liver regeneration: a critical toxicodynamic response in predictive toxicology. |
PubMed:Final report of the amended safety assessment of Dioscorea Villosa (Wild Yam) root extract. |
PubMed:A search for residual behavioral effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) in rats exposed as young adults. |
PubMed:Acrylamide and cancer risk--expert risk assessments and the public debate. |
PubMed:Toxicokinetics of chloral hydrate in ad libitum-fed, dietary-controlled, and calorically restricted male B6C3F1 mice following short-term exposure. |
PubMed:Development and operation of a trickling biofilter system for continuous treatment of gas-phase trichloroethylene. |
PubMed:Lipid peroxidation and cell death mechanisms in rats and human cells induced by chloral hydrate. |
PubMed:Solanidine hydrolytic extraction and separation from the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vines by using solid-liquid-liquid systems. |
PubMed:The use of in vitro metabolic parameters and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to explore the risk assessment of trichloroethylene. |
PubMed:Potential food contaminants and associated health risks. |
PubMed:Modelling the responses to biological reactive intermediates: establishing the borderlines of risk. |
PubMed:Sorption and biodegradation of vapor-phase organic compounds with wastewater sludge and food waste compost. |
PubMed:Guar gum reduces trichloroethylene accumulation in the body by reducing TCE absorption and fat tissue mass. |
PubMed:Efficiency of rice bran for removal of organochlorine compounds and benzene from industrial wastewater. |
PubMed:Studies on defatted seed removal efficiency for organochlorine compounds. |
PubMed:[Prevention of renal carcinoma: the nutri-genetic approach]. |
PubMed:Cytotoxicity of MEIC Chemicals Nos. 11-30 in 3T3 Mouse Fibroblasts with and without Microsomal Activation. |
PubMed:Behavioral components of tolerance to repeated inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in rats. |
PubMed:Cubé resin insecticide: identification and biological activity of 29 rotenoid constituents. |
PubMed:National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS): distributions and associations of lead, arsenic and volatile organic compounds in EPA region 5. |
PubMed:Effects of sodium alginate and fish oil to reduce trichloroethylene accumulation in rats. |
PubMed:Estimation of toxicity of chemical mixtures through modeling of chemical interactions. |
PubMed:Shoddy practices shut down oxygen supplier. |
PubMed:Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene in ground waters of Zagreb, Croatia. |
PubMed:Concentration-time relationships for the effects of inhaled trichloroethylene on signal detection behavior in rats. |
PubMed:Development of a priority list of chemical mixtures occurring at 1188 hazardous waste sites, using the HazDat database. |
PubMed:Toxicity of mixtures of nephrotoxicants with similar or dissimilar mode of action. |
PubMed:Economical designs for detecting and characterizing departure from additivity in mixtures of many chemicals. |
PubMed:Characterization of presystemic elimination of trichloroethylene and its nonlinear kinetics in rats. |
PubMed:Continuous degradation of trichloroethylene by Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2 during growth on propene. |
PubMed:Population-based exposure measurements in EPA region 5: a phase I field study in support of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey. |
PubMed:An epidemic in Cuba of optic neuropathy, sensorineural deafness, peripheral sensory neuropathy and dorsolateral myeloneuropathy. |
PubMed:Should chloral hydrate be banned? |
PubMed:Assessment of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in the population of Zagreb, Croatia. |
PubMed:Consideration of the target organ toxicity of trichloroethylene in terms of metabolite toxicity and pharmacokinetics. |
PubMed:Uptake by foods of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, toluene, and benzene from air. |
PubMed:Health assessment of hazardous air pollutants The Netherlands. |
PubMed:NTP Carcinogenesis Studies of Trichloroethylene (Without Epichlorohydrin) (CAS No. 79-01-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). |
PubMed:Rapid gas-chromatographic determination of trichloroethylene and/or tetrachloroethylene in lettuce by direct head-space analysis. |
PubMed:[Trichloroethylene poisoning. Presentation of 3 cases and review of the literature]. |
PubMed:Determination of fumigants in cereals and cereal products by capillary gas chromatography. |
PubMed:Rapid determination of fumigant and industrial chemical residues in food. |
PubMed:Residues of volatile halocarbons in margarines. |
PubMed:Issues and current applications of interspecies extrapolation of carcinogenic potency as a component of risk assessment. |
PubMed:Determining multifumigants in whole grains and legumes, milled and low-fat grain products, spices, citrus fruit, and beverages. |
PubMed:The in vivo-in vitro hepatocyte assay for assessing DNA repair and DNA replication: studies in the CD-1 mouse. |
PubMed:Purge and trap method for determination of volatile halocarbons and carbon disulfide in table-ready foods. |
PubMed:Unpredictability: an essay in toxicology. |
PubMed:[Effects of one-day food restriction on the metabolism and toxicity of organic solvents in rats]. |
PubMed:Human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from the general environment. |
PubMed:Enhanced metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons in rat liver following food deprivation, restricted carbohydrate intake, and administration of ethanol, phenobarbital, polychlorinated biphenyl and 3-methylcholanthrene: a comparative study. |
PubMed:Neurophysiological and psychological disorders and occupational exposure to organic solvents. |
PubMed:Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds. I. Direct measurements in breathing-zone air, drinking water, food, and exhaled breath. |
PubMed:Human exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds. |
PubMed:Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons used in the foods industry: the comparative pharmacokinetics of methylene chloride, 1,2 dichloroethane, chloroform and trichloroethylene after I.V. administration in the rat. |
PubMed:Modification of the AOAC method for determination of fumigants in wheat. |
PubMed:[Comparison of 4 methods of determination of fat in cooked meals]. |
PubMed:Trichloroethylene: hepatic effects, metabolism and elimination. |
PubMed:Electrical self-stimulation of the brain: a model for the behavioral evaluation of toxic agents. |
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination of residual methylene chloride and trichloroethylene in decaffeinated instant and ground coffee with electrolytic conductivity and electron capture detection. |
PubMed:Trichloroethylene. I. An overview. |
PubMed:Determination of hexachloro-1,3-butadiene in spinach, eggs, fish, and milk by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. |
PubMed:Carcinogenesis bioassay of trichloroethylene. |
PubMed:Behavioral toxicology in the evaluation of food safety. |
PubMed:Determination of methylene chloride, ethylene dichloride, and trichloroethylene as solvent residues in spice oleoresins, using vacuum distillation and electron capture gas chromatography. |
PubMed:The temperature effect on fumigant descrption from cereal grain. |
PubMed:Separation of permitted and non-permitted solvents for use in foodstuffs by gas chromatography and the use of a solid sampler for the estimation of residual solvents in oils and oleoresins. |
PubMed:Trichloroethylene effects on animal behavior. The effects of trichloroethylene vapors on a food motivated conditioned climbing reaction of rats. |
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a highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. it is also used as an industrial solvent. prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment. Solvent and extractive in the manuf. of foods
A spot was then ultimately chosen to receive and treat the contaminated drinking water known as the Central Groundwater Treatment Facility. Then 1989, as now, this treatment facility (CGTF) is situated on land adjacent to Pima Park and the Siemens facility documented as one of the Potentially Responsible Parties at the corner of Thomas and Pima roads. Close proximity to this park did not appear to enter into Motorola's calculations when asserting that it would save money to remove the carbon air filters in 2007. (See East Valley Tribune, October 5, 2007, "Motorola wants to axe filters at Superfund site" by Ari Cohn); As of 2007, 57,000 thousand pounds, or roughly 19 tons of TCE have been removed from the system of wells that once supplied drinking water to the residents of Scottsdale. One of the three drinking water wells previously owned by the City of Phoenix and ultimately sold to the City of Scottsdale, tested at 390 ppb TCE when it was closed in 1982. (see East Valley Tribune, April 6, 2007, "Feds to Examine Superfund Site" by John Yantis) Some Scottsdale residents who received their water bills from the City of Phoenix throughout the 1960s and 70's were understandably confused as to whether they indeed had been consuming contaminated water when information about the Superfund site was first disseminated. The City of Scottsdale recently updated their website to clarify that the contaminated wells were "in the Scottsdale area" and to delete all references to the levels of TCE discovered when the wells were closed as "trace".; One recent review of the epidemiology of kidney cancer rated cigarette smoking and obesity as more important risk factors for kidney cancer than exposure to solvents such as trichloroethylene. In contrast, the most recent overall assessment of human health risks associated with trichloroethylene states, "[t]here is concordance between animal and human studies, which supports the conclusion that trichloroethylene is a potential kidney carcinogen". The evidence appears to be less certain at this time regarding the relationship between humans and liver cancer observed in mice, with the NAS suggesting that low-level exposure might not represent a significant liver cancer risk in the general population.; The chemical compound trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent. It is a clear non-flammable liquid with a sweet smell.; The first known report of TCE in groundwater was given in 1949 by two English public chemists who described two separate instances of well contamination by industrial releases of TCE. Based on available federal and state surveys, between 9% to 34% of the drinking water supply sources tested in the U.S. may have some TCE contamination, though EPA has reported that most water supplies are in compliance with the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 5 ppb. In addition, a growing concern in recent years at sites with TCE contamination in soil or groundwater has been vapor intrusion in buildings, which has resulted in indoor air exposures, such is in a recent case in the McCook Field Neighborhood of Dayton, Ohio. Trichloroethylene has been detected in 852 Superfund sites across the United States, according to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, and as amended annual water quality testing is required for all public drinking water distributors. The EPA'S current guidelines for TCE can be found here. It should be noted that the EPA's table of "TCE Releases to Ground" is dated 1987 to 1993, thereby omitting one of the largest Superfund Cleanup sites in the nation, the NIBW in Scottsdale, Arizona. The TCE "released" here occurred prior to its appearance in the municipal drinking wells in 1982.; This reaction can be catalyzed by a variety of substances. The most commonly used catalyst is a mixture of potassium chloride and aluminum chloride. However, various forms of porous carbon can also be used. This reaction produces tetrachloroethylene as a byproduct, and depending on the amount of chlorine fed to the reaction, tetrachloroethylene can even be the major product. Typically, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are collected together and then separated by distillation.; Trichloroethylene is a cleaning solvent that was used to clean military weapons during the Gulf War. There are reports associating exposure to this solvent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Kasarskis EJ et al. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 2008 Sep 16:1-7, Clinical aspects of ALS in Gulf War Veterans), and also with a neurologic syndrome resembling Parkinson's disease (Gash DM. et al. Ann Neurol. 2008 Feb;63(2):184-92. Trichloroethylene: Parkinsonism and complex 1 mitochondrial neurotoxicity).; Trichloroethylene is an effective solvent for a variety of organic materials.
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