thiram, 137-26-8

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Name:	dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
CAS Number:	137-26-8	3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):	1135443-08-1
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:	205-286-2
FDA UNII:	0D771IS0FH
Nikkaji Web:	J2.949A
Beilstein Number:	1725821
MDL:	MFCD00008325
XlogP3-AA:	1.70 (est)
Molecular Weight:	240.43564000
Formula:	C6 H12 N2 S4
BioActivity Summary:	listing
NMR Predictor:	Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)

Category:herbicides / pesticides

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:

Google Scholar:	Search
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FDA Mainterm (IAUFC):	137-26-8 ; THIRAM

Physical Properties:

Appearance:	white crystalline solid (est)
Assay:	95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed:	No
Melting Point:	155.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point:	307.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:	1.720000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point:	283.00 °F. TCC ( 139.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w):	1.730
Soluble in:
	water, 30 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

Organoleptic Properties:

Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).

Cosmetic Information:

None found

Suppliers:

Eastman Chemical

TMTD C

sds

Odor: characteristic

Use: TMTD is widely used in rubber processing as an ultra accelerator for low-temperature cures, either alone or as an activator for other accelerators, chiefly the thiazoles.

Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich

For experimental / research use only.

Tetramethylthiuram disulfide 97%

sds

Taminco (Eastman)

Banguard^® 42SC

Safety Information:

Preferred SDS: View

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-bird - wild LD50 300 mg/kg Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983. oral-cat LDLo 230 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: ANALGESIA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 17, Pg. 349, 1921. unreported-chicken LD50 840 mg/kg Veterinariya. Veterinary Science. Vol. 54(2), Pg. 70, 1978. unreported-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 400 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 45(5), Pg. 29, 1980. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 70 mg/kg Drugs in Japan Vol. 6, Pg. 566, 1982. oral-mouse LD50 1250 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 6(7), Pg. 28, 1962. unreported-mouse LD50 1150 mg/kg Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977. oral-rabbit LD50 210 mg/kg Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977. unreported-rabbit LD50 210 mg/kg Veterinariya. Veterinary Science. Vol. 54(2), Pg. 70, 1978. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 138 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) Journal de Pharmacologie. Vol. 9, Pg. 35, 1978. oral-rat LD50 560 mg/kg Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 546, 1967. unreported-rat LD50 740 mg/kg Kobunshi Kako. Polymer Applications. Vol. 26, Pg. 358, 1977.
Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 1109 mg/kg Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. Vol. 15, Pg. 507, 1990. skin-rabbit LDLo 1000 mg/kg "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 110, 1982. subcutaneous-rat LD50 646 mg/kg Nippon Noyaku Gakkaishi. Journal of the Pesticide Science Society of Japan. Vol. 15, Pg. 507, 1990. skin-rat LDLo 5000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 15(Suppl
Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-human TCLo 30 ug/m3/5Y-I CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CONJUNCTIVE IRRITATION: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI Vrachebnoe Delo. Medical Practice. Vol. (10), Pg. 136, 1971. inhalation-rat LC50 500 mg/m3/4H "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 1027, 1986.

Safety in Use Information:

Category:
herbicides / pesticides
Recommendation for thiram usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Recommendation for thiram flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety References:

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Reasoned opinion on the modification of the existing MRL for thiram in avocados
View page or View pdf

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance thiram
View page or View pdf

Review of the existing maximum residue levels for thiram according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

EPA-Iris:IRIS

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

Daily Med:search

NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search

NIOSH Pocket Guide:search

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search

EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):137-26-8

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5455

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:3

dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate

Chemidplus:0000137268

EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials

RTECS:137-26-8

References:

	dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	137-26-8
Pubchem (cid):	5455
Pubchem (sid):	134973576

Other Information:

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
Metabolomics Database:	Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C11160
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	Search
Export Tariff Code:	2930.30.0000
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Formulations/Preparations: •75% wettable powder, 95% technical powder, nd •wettable powder; dustable powder; slurry for seed treatment; dry seed treatment; suspension concentrate. •dispersible powder, eg arasan 75 and tersan 75= 75% (dupont); dust for seed treatment usually 50%; dusts, water suspensions. thylate= 65% (dupont). •chaperone rabbit and deer repellent: 7% thiram; deer ban: 10% thiram; magic circle rabbit repellent: 20% thiram; rabbit rid: 10% thiram; science rabbit and deer repellent: 20% thiram; tatgo: 22% thiram; chew-not: 20% thiram; gustafson 42-5: 42% thiram; bonide rabbit and deer repellent: 11% thiram. •pearson's melon and pine seed protectant seed treatment-insecticide and fungicide is 64.27% thiram. •dusts: 1-75% active ingredient; granules: 1-75% active ingredient; paint: 1% active ingredient; wettable powders: 3-90% active ingredient; flowable liquid: contains 15.4% thiram (ww) and 17.3% vitavax (ww) dry powder drill box: contains 40% vitavax and 40% thiram thylate: 65% thiram. •formulations include: wp wettable powder (less than or equal to 800 g aikg), sc, seed treatment. mixtures include: acti-dione thiram (750 g thiram + 7.5 g cycloheximidekg); benlate t 20 fungicide, wp (200 g thiram + 200 g benomyl); combinex (thiram + permethrin + petroleum oil); dyfonate thiram 5-10 g, gr, (100 g thiram + 50 g fonofoskg); gammalex liquid, ls (48 g thiram + 48 g carbendazin + 400 g gamma-hchl); hexyl (thiram + gamma-hch + rotenone) . •homai, wp (300 g thiram + 500 g thiophanate-methylkg); hy-flier, ls (300 g thiram + 250 g bendiocarbkg); hysede, fs (140 g thiram + 400 g gamma-hch + 120 g thiabendazolel); hy-tl, ls (300 g thiram + 225 g thiabendazolel); hy-vic, fs (225 g thiram + 255 g thiabendazolel); lindex fs, fs (thiram + gamma-hch); rootone f, thiram + 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid + methyl 2-(1-naphthyl)acetate + 2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide; silbos t, wp (640 g thiram + 100 g vinclozolinkg); turbair butryticide, ul (thiram + dicloran); thiram + carboxin. discontinued formulation: ferna-col. •products: ceku tmtd; pomarsol; thiram granuflo; thiratox; thyram plus; tiurante. mixtures: anchor (+carboxin); gaucho m (+imidacloprid+pencycuron); gaucho t (+imidacloprid); toram (+ thiophanate-methyl); vitavax 200ff (+carboxin); zaprawa funaben t (+carbendazim). other products: aapirol; aatiram; basultra; buck back; defiant; ...kodiak t; moly-t; protector d; rhodiason; rhodiauram; sadoplon; thianosan; thiraflo; thiraphox; triple-noctin; zaprawa nasienna t. mixtures: apron elite (+carbendazim+cymoxanil+oxadixyl); ...favour (+metalaxyl); fortiva (+ metalaxyl+thiabendazole) (seed); healthied t (+pefurazoate); ...monceren t (+pencycuron); raxil extra (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, poland); raxil flow (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, chile); raxil gel 206 (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, poland); raxil plus (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, uruguay); raxil t (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, e europe); raxil tm liquido (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, italy); raxil vital (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, e europe); raxil (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, e europe); raxil-thiram (+tebuconazole) (seed treatment, usa); shylin (+ thiabendazole); stiletto (+carboxin+metalaxyl); super homai (+diazinon+thiophanate-methyl); teevic (+pencycuron); viram plus (+carbendazim); vitavax ct (+carboxin); vitavax m (+carboxin); wakil (+ carbendazim+cymoxanil+oxadixyl); zaprawa oxafun t (+carboxin). discontinued products: arasan; tersan; liro granuflo; polyram ultra; tripomol. mixtures: ...apron combi (+metalaxyl+thiabendazole) (seed); ascot (+thiabendazole); ...lindex plus (+fenpropimorph+gamma-hch); oftanol t (+isofenphos); vitavax rs (+carboxin+gamma-hch); vitavax-r (+carboxin). •for rubber processing, thiram is available as a fine powder containing 1.5-2.5% (max) white oil, as extruded pellets containing 5.5% oil, as a dispersion containing 30-40% binder or oil, in a mixture of two parts thiram to one part 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and as pellets in a 50:50 mixture with disulfiram. •for use as a pesticide, thiram is available as 1.0-75.0% in dust; as 2.25-5.0% in granule; as 11.25, 35.2 and 42.0% in liquid concentrates; as 2.0% in pastes; as 1.0% in pastes for wound dressing of shrubs and trees; and as 3.0-98.0% in wettable powders. •rtu-1010 seed protectant (with vitavax) •fernasan; discontinued •bromosan-f; discontinued •carbina tz (with zineb) •evershield t; discontinued •southland pearson moly-stand (with molybdenum) •ronilan t-combi (with vinclozolin) •aatack •chipco thiram 75 •fernide; discontinued •flo pro t seed protectant •nomersan; discontinued •vancida tm-95 •vancide tm •thimer; discontinued •greenthionock •thiramad; discontinued •spotrete •spotrete-f •pomarsol forte •thiram 75 •tuads •thiotex •thiuramin •tripomol •tersan 75 •mercuram •thirasan •trametan •cunitex •thiotox •polyram ultra •tetrapom •aules •hexathir •fermide •tersan •panoram 75

Potential Blenders and core components note

None Found

Potential Uses:

None Found

Occurrence (nature, food, other):note

not found in nature

Synonyms:

	aapirol
	aatiram
	accel TMT
	accelerator T
	accelerator thiuram
	aceto TETD
	arasan 42-S
	arasan 70
	arasan 75
	arasan-M
	arasan-SF
	arasan-SF-X
	chipco thiram 75
	cunitex
	cyuram DS
	delsan
bis(	dimethyl thiocarbamoyl)disulfide
bis(	dimethyl-thiocarbamoyl)-disulfid
bis((	dimethylamino)carbonothioyl) disulfide
bis((	dimethylamino)carbonothioyl) disulphide
	dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanyl N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
bis(	dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide
bis(	dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide
bis(	dimethylthiocarbamyl) disulfide
	disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)
alpha,alpha'-	dithiobis(dimethylthio)formamide
N,N'-(	dithiodicarbonothioyl)bis(N-methylmethanamine)
	ekagom TB
	falitiram
	fermide
	fermide 850
	fernacol
	fernasan
	fernasan A
	formalsol
	formamide, 1,1'-dithiobis(N,N-dimethylthio-
	hermal
	hermat TMT
	hexathir
	kregasan
	methyl thiuramdisulfide
	methylthiuram disulfide
	metiur
	metiurac
	micropearls
	nobecutan
	nocceler TT
	normersan
	orac TMTD
	panoram 75
	pol-thiuram
	pomarsol
	radothiram
	rezifilm
	royal TMTD
	sadoplon
	sadoplon 75
	spotrete
	spotrete-F
	tersan 75
	tersantetramethyldiurane sulfide
	tetramethyl thiuram disulfide
	tetramethyl thiuramdisulfide
	tetramethyl thiurane disulphide
	tetramethyldiurane sulphite
	tetramethylenethiuram disulfide
	tetramethylenethiuram disulphide
	tetramethylthiocarbamoyldisulphide
	tetramethylthioperoxydicarbonic diamide
	tetramethylthioramdisulfide
	tetramethylthiuram bisulfide
	tetramethylthiuram bisulphide
	tetramethylthiuram disulfide
N,N-	tetramethylthiuram disulfide
N,N,N',N'-	tetramethylthiuram disulfide
	tetramethylthiuram disulphide
N,N-	tetramethylthiuram disulphide
	tetramethylthiuran disulphide
	tetramethylthiurane disulfide
	tetramethylthiurum disulfide
	tetramethylthiurum disulphide
	tetrapom
	tetrasipton
	tetrathiuram disulfide
	tetrathiuram disulphide
	thianosan
	thioperoxydicarbonic diamide (((H2N)C(S))2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-
	thioperoxydicarbonic diamide (((H2N)C(S))2S2), tetramethyl-
	thioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetramethyl-
	thioscabin
	thiotox (fungicide)
	thiram 75
	thiram 80
	thiram B
	thiramad
	thiulix
	TMTDS

Articles:

PubMed:Development of gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode for the analysis of thiram, disulfiram and their derivative in food using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed:Rapid simultaneous detection of multi-pesticide residues on apple using SERS technique.

PubMed:Experimental approaches to test pesticide-treated seed avoidance by birds under a simulated diversification of food sources.

PubMed:Production of apple-based baby food: changes in pesticide residues.

PubMed:Isotopic niche metrics as indicators of toxic stress in two freshwater snails.

PubMed:Selective determination of thiram residues in fruit and vegetables by hydrophilic interaction LC-MS.

PubMed:Method validation and analysis of nine dithiocarbamates in fruits and vegetables by LC-MS/MS.

PubMed:Graphene oxide embedded sandwich nanostructures for enhanced Raman readout and their applications in pesticide monitoring.

PubMed:Experimental exposure of red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa) to seeds coated with imidacloprid, thiram and difenoconazole.

PubMed:Optofluidic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy microsystem for sensitive and repeatable on-site detection of chemical contaminants.

PubMed:The role of matrix gla protein in ossification and recovery of the avian growth plate.

PubMed:Chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes treated with the fungicide, Thiram.

PubMed:Direct analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicides in fruit by ambient mass spectrometry.

PubMed:[Determination of 4 dithiocarbamate residues in 22 matrices by gas chromatography].

PubMed:Pesticide residues intake of French adults under increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables--a theoretical study.

PubMed:Comparison of neem or oregano with thiram on organic matter decomposition of a sand loam soil amended with compost, and on soil biological activity.

PubMed:Contact allergy to thiurams: multifactorial analysis of clinical surveillance data collected by the IVDK network.

PubMed:Deer responses to repellent stimuli.

PubMed:Mechanism of potentiation of endosulfan cytotoxicity by thiram in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

PubMed:Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during impairment and recovery of the avian growth plate.

PubMed:Adsorption-desorption behavior of thiram onto humic acid.

PubMed:Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield of winter wheat.

PubMed:Influence of fulvic acids and copper ions on thiram determination in water.

PubMed:Screening preharvest/postharvest strategies to prevent fruit rot decay.

PubMed:Corticosterone oxidative neutralization by 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in kidney and colon of the domestic fowl.

PubMed:Induction of tibial dyschondroplasia in turkeys by tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram).

PubMed:A solid-phase extraction procedure for the clean-up of thiram from aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of humic substances.

PubMed:Safe apples for baby-food production: survey of pesticide treatment regimes leaving minimum residues.

PubMed:Differential regulation of MMPs and matrix assembly in chicken and turkey growth-plate chondrocytes.

PubMed:Thiram: degradation, applications and analytical methods.

PubMed:Decreasing allergic contact dermatitis frequency through dermatotoxicologic and epidemiologic based intervention?

PubMed:Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)-acid hydrolysis of dithiocarbamates for trace analysis in tobacco and peaches.

PubMed:Spontaneous formation of thiuram disulfides in solutions of iron(III) dithiocarbamates.

PubMed:Determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in food by a spectrophotometric method using a vertical disulfide reaction system.

PubMed:Development of an immunoassay (ELISA) for the quantification of thiram in lettuce.

PubMed:Reasons for the decomposition of the fungicide thiram during preparation of fruit and vegetable samples and consequences for residue analysis.

PubMed:Hapten synthesis for the development of a competitive inhibition enzyme-immunoassay for thiram.

PubMed:Major degradation pathway of thiuram in tap water processed by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite.

PubMed:A new low-cost microbiotest with the Protozoan spirostomum teres: culture conditions and assessment of sensitivity of the ciliate to 14 pure chemicals.

PubMed:Analysis of micronuclei and DNA single-strand breaks in mouse splenocytes and peripheral lymphocytes after oral administration of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram).

PubMed:Assessment of mutagenic potential of thiram.

PubMed:Xenobiotics and food allergy: in vivo and in vitro studies in patients with apple allergy.

PubMed:An outbreak of thiram poisoning on Spanish poultry farms.

PubMed:Carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic studies of thiram on mouse skin.

PubMed:Induction of tibial dyschondroplasia and suppression of cell-mediated immunity in chickens by Fusarium oxysporum grown on sterile corn.

PubMed:Genotoxicity of dithiocarbamates and their metabolites.

PubMed:Chronic toxicity studies with thiram in Wistar rats and beagle dogs.

PubMed:The effect of thiram on the germ cells of male mice.

PubMed:[Determination of the vulcanization accelerator thiuram D and its conversion products in sanitary chemical research on rubbers].

PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of dimethyldithiocarbamate residues in some agricultural products.

PubMed:An example of interaction between environmental pollutants: modification of thiram toxicity to freshwater organisms by nitrites or nitrates in relation to nitrosamine synthesis.

PubMed:Mutagenic effects of thiram in mammalian somatic cells.

PubMed:[Determination of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides and thiram in the plants].

PubMed:Inhibition of spontaneous leukemia in F-344 rats by tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram).

PubMed:[Determination of thiuram EF in biomedia by thin-layer chromatography].

PubMed:Dietary no-effect level of a dithiocarbamate fungicide, thiram, evaluated from measurement data on rats. I. Choice of the model of the dose-response relationship.

PubMed:[Toxicity of rubbers intended for food use prepared with the use of thiuram and its derivatives].

PubMed:Oral toxicity of ferric dimethyl-dithiocarbamate (ferbam) and tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiram) in rodents.

PubMed:Formation of dimethylnitrosamine from pesticides carrying methylated tertiary aminogroups in the presence of nitrite at pH 3.

PubMed:[Approaches to the hygienic evaluation of resins containing tetramethylthiuram disulfide and intended for contact with food products].

PubMed:[Short term effects of diets with high levels of dithiocarbamates on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of rat liver].

PubMed:[Energy metabolism in the liver of rats fed a diet contaminated with dithiocarbamates].

PubMed:[Persistence of thiuram in green vegetables].

PubMed:[Hygienic studies of resins intended for contact with food products].

PubMed:Collaborative study of the determination of the dithiocarbamate residues by a modified carbon disulfide evolution method.

Notes:

a dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. in vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme glutathione reductase. it has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.

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thiram disulfide, bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)

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