EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

spermidine
1,4-butanediamine, N1-(3-aminopropyl)-

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 124-20-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:204-689-0
FDA UNII: U87FK77H25
Nikkaji Web:J10.054D
Beilstein Number:1698591
XlogP3-AA:-1.00 (est)
Molecular Weight:145.24943000
Formula:C7 H19 N3
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:food additive
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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 FDA/DG SANTE Petitions, Reviews, Notices:
GRN 889 Spermidine rich wheat germ extract View - notice PDF
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:0.92500 @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point:> 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
Soluble in:
 water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Spermidine > 95%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Spermidine is a polyamine compound found in ribosomes and living tissues, and having various metabolic functions within organisms.
Glentham Life Sciences
Spermidine
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-mouse LD30 > 1000 mg/kg
Agents and Actions, A Swiss Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 14, Pg. 228, 1984.

intravenous-mouse LD50 78 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 198, Pg. 36, 1972.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD30 450 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Agents and Actions, A Swiss Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 14, Pg. 228, 1984.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
food additive
Recommendation for spermidine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for spermidine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to spermidine and prolongation of the growing phase (anagen) of the hair cycle pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):124-20-9
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :1102
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
N'-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine
Chemidplus:0000124209
RTECS:EJ7000000 for cas# 124-20-9
 
References:
 N'-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:124-20-9
Pubchem (cid):1102
Pubchem (sid):134975057
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00315
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB01257
FooDB:FDB012039
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00232
Export Tariff Code:2921.29.0055
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 apple bud
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 banana fruit
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 bean adzuki bean
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 bean butter bean
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 bean fava bean
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 bean field bean
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 bean mung bean
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 bean scarlet runner bean
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 bean winged bean
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 black gram
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 coffee bean
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 coprinus comatus
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 corn seed
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 cucumber seed
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 oat leaf
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 pea black-eyed pea
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 pea leaf
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 pea white pea
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 peanut
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 sauerkraut
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 solanum lycopersicum
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 soybean
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 soybean plant
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 soybean seed
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 tomato
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Synonyms:
N'-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine
4-azaoctamethylenediamine
1,4-butanediamine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-
1,4-butanediamine, N1-(3-aminopropyl)-
1,4-diaminobutane, N-(3-aminopropyl)-
1,5,10-triazadecane
 

Articles:

PubMed:Cuminaldehyde as the Major Component of Cuminum cyminum, a Natural Aldehyde with Inhibitory Effect on Alpha-Synuclein Fibrillation and Cytotoxicity.
PubMed:Changes in the microbial communities of air-packaged and vacuum-packaged common carp (Cyprinus carpio) stored at 4 °C.
PubMed:Changes in the Content of Biogenic Amines and Fatty Acids in High Pressure-Processed Carp Flesh (Cyprinus carpio).
PubMed:Impact of Cell-free Supernatant of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Putrescine and Other Polyamine Formation by Foodborne Pathogens in Ornithine Decarboxylase Broth.
PubMed:Different polyamine pathways from bacteria have replaced eukaryotic spermidine biosynthesis in ciliates Tetrahymena thermophila and Paramecium tetaurelia.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) in probiotic cow's and goat's fermented milks and acceptance.
PubMed:Fast determination of biogenic amines in beverages by a core-shell particle column.
PubMed:Control of Polyamine Biosynthesis by Antizyme Inhibitor 1 Is Important for Transcriptional Regulation of Arginine Vasopressin in the Male Rat Hypothalamus.
PubMed:Loss of the RNA polymerase III repressor MAF1 confers obesity resistance.
PubMed:Astragalin inhibits autophagy-associated airway epithelial fibrosis.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amine profiles in conventional and organic cocoa-based products.
PubMed:Metabolomics of adherent mammalian cells by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: HT-29 cells as case study.
PubMed:Ability of Kocuria varians LTH 1540 To Degrade Putrescine: Identification and Characterization of a Novel Amine Oxidase.
PubMed:Enhanced tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to multiple lignocellulose-derived inhibitors through modulation of spermidine contents.
PubMed:Bioactive amines in Mozzarella cheese from milk with varying somatic cell counts.
PubMed:Identification of Wild Yeast Strains and Analysis of Their β-Glucan and Glutathione Levels for Use in Makgeolli Brewing.
PubMed:A novel enzyme with spermine oxidase properties in bovine liver mitochondria: identification and kinetic characterization.
PubMed:Brewing effect on levels of biogenic amines in different coffee samples as determined by LC-UV.
PubMed:Micro-scale strategy to detect spermine and spermidine by MALDI-TOF MS in foods and identification of apoptosis-related proteins by nano-flow UPLC-MS/MS after treatment with spermine and spermidine.
PubMed:Changes in the content of free and conjugated polyamines during Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) growth.
PubMed:Over-expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene under the control of fruit-specific promoter enhances fruit quality in tomato.
PubMed:Spermidine induces autophagy by inhibiting the acetyltransferase EP300.
PubMed:Caloric restriction mimetics: natural/physiological pharmacological autophagy inducers.
PubMed:Composition of polyphenol and polyamide compounds in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollen and sub-pollen particles.
PubMed:Biologically active amines in fermented and non-fermented commercial soybean products from the Spanish market.
PubMed:Bioactive amines in sorghum: method optimisation and influence of line, tannin and hydric stress.
PubMed:Polyamine profile in ovine and caprine colostrum and milk.
PubMed:Amine oxidase-based biosensors for spermine and spermidine determination.
PubMed:Nanoparticle strategies for cancer therapeutics: Nucleic acids, polyamines, bovine serum amine oxidase and iron oxide nanoparticles (Review).
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of ten underivatized biogenic amines in meat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).
PubMed:Dietary polyamine intake and polyamines measured in urine.
PubMed:Microbial succession of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) filets during storage at 4°C and its contribution to biogenic amines' formation.
PubMed:Influence of ultra-high-pressure homogenization treatment on the phytosterols, tocopherols, and polyamines of almond beverage.
PubMed:The optimisation of traditional fermentation process of white cabbage (in relation to biogenic amines and polyamines content and microbiological profile).
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in oysters by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence.
PubMed:Vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced-emulsification liquid-liquid microextraction of biogenic amines in fermented foods before their simultaneous analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Effect of autochthonous starter cultures on the biogenic amine content of ewe's milk cheese throughout ripening.
PubMed:Solid state fermentation with lactic acid bacteria to improve the nutritional quality of lupin and soya bean.
PubMed:Spermidine feeding decreases age-related locomotor activity loss and induces changes in lipid composition.
PubMed:Microbiological quality and biogenic amines in ready-to-eat grilled chicken fillets under vacuum packing, freezing, and high-dose irradiation.
PubMed:Biogenic amines, amino acids and microflora changes in Indian mackerel (Rastrellinger kanagurta) stored at ambient (25-29 °C) and ice temperature (0 °C).
PubMed:Ultra-performance convergence chromatography (UPC²) method for the analysis of biogenic amines in fermented foods.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in traditional Chinese fermented foods by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).
PubMed:Description of Chishuiella changwenlii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from freshwater, and transfer of Wautersiella falsenii to the genus Empedobacter as Empedobacter falsenii comb. nov.
PubMed:Health effects and occurrence of dietary polyamines: a review for the period 2005-mid 2013.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in commercially produced Yulu, a Chinese fermented fish sauce.
PubMed:Sensitive quantitation of polyamines in plant foods by ultrasound-assisted benzoylation and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with the aid of experimental designs.
PubMed:Polyamines in response to abiotic stress tolerance through transgenic approaches.
PubMed:Biogenic amine accumulation in silver carp sausage inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum plus Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Biogenic amines formation in high-pressure processed pike flesh (Esox lucius) during storage.
PubMed:Comparative performance of S-adenosyl-L-methionine biosynthesis and degradation in Pichia pastoris using different promoters and novel consumption inhibitors.
PubMed:Effect of delayed icing on biogenic amines formation and bacterial contribution of iced common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of selected biogenic amines in alcoholic beverage samples by isotachophoretic and chromatographic methods.
PubMed:Nitrogen fertilisation increases biogenic amines and amino acid concentrations in Vitis vinifera var. Riesling musts and wines.
PubMed:Resembling breast milk: influence of polyamine-supplemented formula on neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mouse microbiota.
PubMed:The occurrence of N-nitrosamines, residual nitrite and biogenic amines in commercial dry fermented sausages and evaluation of their occasional relation.
PubMed:Effect of salt-tolerant yeast of Candida versatilis and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii on the production of biogenic amines during soy sauce fermentation.
PubMed:Effect of MeJA treatment on polyamine, energy status and anthracnose rot of loquat fruit.
PubMed:Potato fiber as a dietary fiber source in dog foods.
PubMed:Coupling HPLC-SPE-NMR with a microplate-based high-resolution antioxidant assay for efficient analysis of antioxidants in food--validation and proof-of-concept study with caper buds.
PubMed:Polyamine levels in breast milk are associated with mothers' dietary intake and are higher in preterm than full-term human milk and formulas.
PubMed:Biophenols and antioxidant properties of Australian canola meal.
PubMed:Design and synthesis of heterobimetallic Ru(II)-Ln(III) complexes as chemodosimetric ensembles for the detection of biogenic amine odorants.
PubMed:Metabolic survey of defense responses to a compatible hemibiotroph, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, in ethylene signaling-impaired tobacco.
PubMed:Quality properties, fatty acids, and biogenic amines profile of fresh tilapia stored in ice.
PubMed:Monitoring of biogenic amines in cheeses manufactured at small-scale farms and in fermented dairy products in the Czech Republic.
PubMed:[Determination of eight biogenic amines in animal-derived foodstuffs by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry without derivatization].
PubMed:Antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of plumbagin and other naphthoquinones.
PubMed:Lower polyamine levels in breast milk of obese mothers compared to mothers with normal body weight.
PubMed:Bioactive amines and internal quality of commercial eggs.
PubMed:Diversity of (dihydro) hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates in Colombian potato tubers.
PubMed:Melatonin is formed during winemaking at safe levels of biogenic amines.
PubMed:Effects of different freezing treatments on the biogenic amine and quality changes of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) heads during ice storage.
PubMed:Acyl spermidines in inflorescence extracts of elder (Sambucus nigra L., Adoxaceae) and elderflower drinks.
PubMed:Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents.
PubMed:A review of the liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of biogenic amines in foods.
PubMed:Characterization of amine oxidases from Arthrobacter aurescens and application for determination of biogenic amines.
PubMed:Hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acids in db/db mice.
PubMed:Effect of high-pressure treatment on biogenic amines formation in vacuum-packed trout flesh (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
PubMed:Food polyamine and cardiovascular disease--an epidemiological study.
PubMed:Polyamine Oxidase and Diamine Oxidase Activities in Human Milk during the First Month of Lactation.
PubMed:A multiresidual method based on ion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection for the determination of biogenic amines in food and beverages.
PubMed:The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside regulates polyamine and proline metabolism in leaves of Medicago truncatula plants.
PubMed:Levels of biogenic amines in retail market fermented meat products.
PubMed:Postharvest polyamine application alleviates chilling injury and affects apricot storage ability.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in low- and reduced-fat dry fermented sausages formulated with konjac gel.
PubMed:Stimulation of cadaverine production by foodborne pathogens in the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus spp.
PubMed:Focused review: agmatine in fermented foods.
PubMed:The determination and characterisation of 2-naphthyloxycarbonyl chloride derivatised biogenic amines in pet foods.
PubMed:Changes in biogenic amines of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fillets stored at different temperatures and their relation to total volatile base nitrogen, microbiological and sensory score.
PubMed:Dietary polyamine intake and risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps.
PubMed:Evaluation of biogenic amines content in chilean reserve varietal wines.
PubMed:Biogenic amine profile in unripe Arabica coffee beans processed according to dry and wet methods.
PubMed:Biogenic amines content during extended ageing of dry-cured pork loins inoculated with probiotics.
PubMed:Biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate in primitivo wine: survey of their concentrations in commercial products and relationship with the use of malolactic starter.
PubMed:Infant formula supplemented with polyamines alters the intestinal microbiota in neonatal BALB/cOlaHsd mice.
PubMed:Development of stable isotope dilution assays for the simultaneous quantitation of biogenic amines and polyamines in foods by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Fermentable fiber ameliorates fermentable protein-induced changes in microbial ecology, but not the mucosal response, in the colon of piglets.
PubMed:Isolation and identification of spermidine derivatives in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers and their distribution in floral organs.
PubMed:Purification of diamine oxidase and its properties in germinated fava bean (Vicia faba L.).
PubMed:Concentration of biologically active polyamines in rabbit meat, liver and kidney after slaughter and their changes during meat storage and cooking.
PubMed:Safety evaluation in vitro of Enterococcus durans from Tibetan traditional fermented yak milk.
PubMed:Alternative spermidine biosynthetic route is critical for growth of Campylobacter jejuni and is the dominant polyamine pathway in human gut microbiota.
PubMed:Biogenic amines and potential histamine - Forming bacteria in Rihaakuru (a cooked fish paste).
PubMed:Spermidine may decrease ER stress in pancreatic beta cells and may reduce apoptosis via activating AMPK dependent autophagy pathway.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in infusions of tea (Camellia sinensis) by HPLC after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl).
PubMed:Methyl salicylate-induced arginine catabolism is associated with up-regulation of polyamine and nitric oxide levels and improves chilling tolerance in cherry tomato fruit.
PubMed:Independent evolutionary origins of functional polyamine biosynthetic enzyme fusions catalysing de novo diamine to triamine formation.
PubMed:Influence of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine or spermine on the formation of N-nitrosamine in heated cured pork meat.
PubMed:Effect of salicylic acid treatment on postharvest quality, antioxidant activities, and free polyamines of asparagus.
PubMed:Control of biogenic amines in food--existing and emerging approaches.
PubMed:Dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and biogenic amine formation in high-pressure processed semidried squid (Todarodes pacificius) during refrigerated storage.
PubMed:Biogenic amine contents in selected Egyptian fermented foods as determined by ion-exchange chromatography.
PubMed:Levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in high-quality red wines.
PubMed:Procedures to evaluate the importance of dietary polyamines.
PubMed:Polyamines: total daily intake in adolescents compared to the intake estimated from the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations Objectified (SNO).
PubMed:Polyamines in foods: development of a food database.
PubMed:Quality characteristics of low-salt restructured poultry with microbial transglutaminase and seaweed.
PubMed:Concentration of biologically active polyamines in meat and liver of sheep and lambs after slaughter and their changes in mutton during storage and cooking.
PubMed:A 4-hydroxy-N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]benzohydrazide-based sorbent material for the extraction-HPLC determination of biogenic amines in food samples.
PubMed:Biogenic amine formation in Turkish dry fermented sausage (sucuk) as affected by nisin and nitrite.
PubMed:[Determination of nonvolatile amines in foods by liquid chromatography following excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization and solid-phase extraction].
PubMed:Polyamines and abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
PubMed:Production of vasoactive amines during the ripening of Pecorino Carmasciano cheese.
PubMed:Content of polyamines in by-products of slaughter pigs.
PubMed:Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG influences polyamine metabolism in HGC-27 gastric cancer cell line: a strategy toward nutritional approach to chemoprevention of gastric cance.
PubMed:Evolution and multifarious horizontal transfer of an alternative biosynthetic pathway for the alternative polyamine sym-homospermidine.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in Korean traditional fermented soybean paste (Doenjang).
PubMed:Extraction of biogenic amines using sorbent materials containing immobilized crown ethers.
PubMed:Differential effects of cold, osmotic stress and abscisic acid on polyamine accumulation in wheat.
PubMed:The low-salt stimulon in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
PubMed:The use of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry to detect and quantify polyamines in headspace gas and oral air.
PubMed:Bioactive amines and quality of egg from Dekalb hens under different storage conditions.
PubMed:A new ultra-pressure liquid chromatography method for the determination of biogenic amines in cheese.
PubMed:Caenorhabditis elegans P5B-type ATPase CATP-5 operates in polyamine transport and is crucial for norspermidine-mediated suppression of RNA interference.
PubMed:Validation of an ultra high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of biologically active amines in food.
PubMed:Polyamine-rich food decreases age-associated pathology and mortality in aged mice.
PubMed:Conversion of protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium huoshanense to shoots: the role of polyamines in relation to the ratio of total cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid.
PubMed:In situ derivatization hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of biogenic amines in food samples.
PubMed:Effects of dietary polyamines at physiologic doses in early-weaned piglets.
PubMed:A method for benzoyl chloride derivatization of biogenic amines for high performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:The in vitro nuclear aggregates of polyamines.
PubMed:Decrease in malonyl-CoA and its background metabolic alterations in murine model of cancer cachexia.
PubMed:Irradiated Chinese Rugao ham: Changes in volatile N-nitrosamine, biogenic amine and residual nitrite during ripening and post-ripening.
PubMed:Inactivation of KsgA, a 16S rRNA methyltransferase, causes vigorous emergence of mutants with high-level kasugamycin resistance.
PubMed:Evaluation of two different extraction methods for chromatographic determination of bioactive amines in tomato products.
PubMed:Effect of aging on bioactive amines, microbial flora, physico-chemical characteristics, and tenderness of broiler breast meat.
PubMed:Comparative survey of putrescine production from agmatine deamination in different bacteria.
PubMed:Determination of primary biogenic amines in various food products using isocratic HPLC with 3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde as a new precolumn fluorogenic reagent.
PubMed:Post-column derivatization capillary electrochromatography for detection of biogenic amines in tuna-meat.
PubMed:Physiological and oenological traits of different Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains under wine-model conditions.
PubMed:Spermine-induced morphogenesis and effect of partial immersion system on the shoot cultures of banana.
PubMed:Nucleotide degradation and biogenic amine formation of wild white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) stored in ice and at chill temperature (4°C).
PubMed:Spermidine and flavonoid conjugates from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) flowers.
PubMed:Formation of biogenic amines and relation to microbial flora and sensory changes in smoked turkey breast fillets stored under various packaging conditions at 4 degrees C.
PubMed:Food safety evaluation of broccoli and radish sprouts.
PubMed:A new hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of seven biogenic amines in cheese.
PubMed:Acrolein: sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease.
PubMed:Effects of starter cultures and nitrite levels on formation of biogenic amines in sucuk.
PubMed:Occurrence of biogenic amines and polyamines in spinach and changes during storage under refrigeration.
PubMed:Polyamines in tea processing.
PubMed:Development of a polyamine database for assessing dietary intake.
PubMed:Enhanced polyamine catabolism alters homeostatic control of white adipose tissue mass, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism.
PubMed:Description of Pseudochrobactrum kiredjianiae sp. nov.
PubMed:Effect of polydextrose on intestinal microbes and immune functions in pigs.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in squid and white prawn by high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in alcoholic beverages by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection and integrated pulsed amperometric detection.
PubMed:The application of polyamines by pressure or immersion as a tool to maintain functional properties in stored pomegranate arils.
PubMed:Rapid determination and confirmation of biogenic amines in tuna loin by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using ethylchloroformate derivative.
PubMed:Folding transition of DNA depending on ionic environments.
PubMed:Influence of lupin (Lupinus luteus L. cv. 4492 and Lupinus angustifolius L. var. zapaton) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) germination on microbial population and biogenic amines.
PubMed:Characterization of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated from an artisanal Italian ewe's cheese (Pecorino Abruzzese).
PubMed:Characterization and a role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa spermidine dehydrogenase in polyamine catabolism.
PubMed:Relation of biogenic amines' formation with microbiological and sensory attributes in Lactobacillus-inoculated vacuum-packed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets.
PubMed:Correlation between microbial flora, sensory changes and biogenic amines formation in fresh chicken meat stored aerobically or under modified atmosphere packaging at 4 degrees C: possible role of biogenic amines as spoilage indicators.
PubMed:Decrease in polyamines with aging and their ingestion from food and drink.
PubMed:Effect of natural and synthetic polyamines on ethanol intake in UChB drinker rats.
PubMed:[Method of determination of biogenic amines in wines by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector and ultraviolet detector].
PubMed:Effect of ME-3451-106, an aqueous extract of Stichaster striatus with inhibitory activity of voluntary alcohol intake, in genetically drinker rats: Isolation and identification of the active fraction.
PubMed:Enhancement of growth and coumarin production in hairy root cultures of witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.cv. Lucknow local) under the influence of fungal elicitors.
PubMed:Influence of cultivar and germination on bioactive amines in soybeans (Glycine max L. Merril).
PubMed:[Survey of histamine content in seafood on the market].
PubMed:Dihydrocaffeoyl polyamines (kukoamine and allies) in potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers detected during metabolite profiling.
PubMed:A new polyamine derivative, a structural analog of spermine, with in vivo activity as an inhibitor of ethanol appetite.
PubMed:Involvement of polyamines in evening primrose extract-induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
PubMed:Effects of lactoferrin, soya germ and polyamine on 2-amino-1-methyl-6- phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine(PhIP)- induced breast carcinogenesis in rats.
PubMed:Free and conjugated biogenic amines in green and roasted coffee beans.
PubMed:New solvent systems for thin-layer chromatographic determination of nine biogenic amines in fish and squid.
PubMed:The effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and formic acid on the formation of biogenic amines in grass silages.
PubMed:Evaluation of biogenic amines and microbial counts throughout the ripening of goat cheeses from pasteurized and raw milk.
PubMed:Relation of biogenic amines with microbial and sensory changes of whole and filleted freshwater rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) stored on ice.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in fish tissues by ion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection.
PubMed:Free amino acids and biogenic amines in red and white muscle of tuna stored in controlled atmospheres.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in restructured beef steaks as affected by added walnuts and cold storage.
PubMed:On-line solid-phase extraction with surfactant accelerated on-column derivatization and micellar liquid chromatographic separation as a tool for the determination of biogenic amines in various food substrates.
PubMed:Polyamine homeostasis in transgenic plants overexpressing ornithine decarboxylase includes ornithine limitation.
PubMed:The effects of using lactic acid bacteria inoculants in maize silage on the formation of biogenic amines.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines as their benzoyl derivatives after cloud point extraction with micellar liquid chromatographic separation.
PubMed:The diverse bacterial origins of the Arabidopsis polyamine biosynthetic pathway.
PubMed:Effects of exogenous polyamines on growth, toxicity, and toxin profile of dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum.
PubMed:Yeasts associated with Manteca.
PubMed:The influence of the brewing process on the formation of biogenic amines in beers.
PubMed:Comparison of a capillary electrophoresis method with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of biogenic amines in various food samples.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in poultry carcasses.
PubMed:Content of biogenic amines in a Chardonnay wine obtained through spontaneous and inoculated fermentations.
PubMed:Characterization of selected Spanish table wine samples according to their biogenic amine content from liquid chromatographic determination.
PubMed:Biogenic amine accumulation in ripened sausages affected by the addition of sodium sulphite.
PubMed:Effect of different treatments on the evolution of polyamines during refrigerated storage of eggplants.
PubMed:Ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase activities and polyamine levels from selected organs of adult miniature swine receiving three concentrations of dietary menhaden oil.
PubMed:Antifungal activity of three spermidine conjugates.
PubMed:Dietary spermidine and spermine participate in the maturation of galactosyltransferase activity and glycoprotein galactosylation in rat small intestine.
PubMed:Effect of the interaction between a low tyramine-producing Lactobacillus and proteolytic staphylococci on biogenic amine production during ripening and storage of dry sausages.
PubMed:Chemical, microbiological, and AromaScan evaluation of mahi-mahi fillets under various storage conditions.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in vacuum-packaged and carbon dioxide-controlled atmosphere-packaged fresh pork stored at -1.50 degrees C.
PubMed:Polyamines in human and animal milk.
PubMed:Changes in biogenic amine and polyamine contents in slightly fermented sausages manufactured with and without sugar.
PubMed:Apoptosis induced by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is associated with modulation of polyamine metabolism and caspase-3 activation.
PubMed:Analysis of amines in plant materials.
PubMed:Biogenic amines and polyamines in milks and cheeses by ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Mixed starter cultures to control biogenic amine production in dry fermented sausages.
PubMed:Putrescine and Silver Nitrate Influences Shoot Multiplication, In Vitro Flowering and Endogenous Titers of Polyamines in Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow Local.
PubMed:Role of cations in the catalysis of thermostable pectinmethylesterase extracted from Marsh grapefruit pulp.
PubMed:Polyamines and thiols in the cytoprotective effect of L-cysteine and L-methionine on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in fermented foods after derivatization with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride.
PubMed:Are milk polyamines preventive agents against food allergy?
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of biogenic amines in feedstuffs, complete feeds, and animal tissues.
PubMed:Folding transition of long duplex DNA from mammalian cells.
PubMed:Redox hydrogel-based amperometric bienzyme electrodes for fish freshness monitoring
PubMed:Effect of proteolytic starter cultures of Staphylococcus spp. on biogenic amine formation during the ripening of dry fermented sausages.
PubMed:Changes in biogenic amines in mature and germinating legume seeds and their behavior during cooking.
PubMed:Histamine and biogenic amine production by Morganella morganii isolated from temperature-abused albacore.
PubMed:Reduction of biogenic amine formation using a negative amino acid-decarboxylase starter culture for fermentation of Fuet sausages.
PubMed:Putrescine Influences Growth and Production of Coumarins in Hairy Root Cultures of Witloof Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow Local).
PubMed:Free and conjugated polyamines and phenols in raw and alkaline-clarified sugarcane juices.
PubMed:Ability of amino acids, dipeptides, polyamines, and sulfhydryls to quench hexanal, a saturated aldehydic lipid oxidation product.
PubMed:Lipid, polyamide, and flavonol phagostimulants for adult western corn rootworm from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen.
PubMed:Influence of Polyamines on Growth of Hairy Root Cultures of Witloof Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Lucknow Local) and Formation of Coumarins.
PubMed:Changes in polyamines and ethylene during the development and ripening of eggplant fruits (Solanum melongena).
PubMed:Ability of carnosine and other skeletal muscle components to quench unsaturated aldehydic lipid oxidation products.
PubMed:Spermidine-induced glycoprotein fucosylation in immature rat intestine.
PubMed:Histamine and cadaverine production by bacteria isolated from fresh and frozen albacore (Thunnus alalunga).
PubMed:Inhibition of liver glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive foci development in the rat hepatocarcinogenesis by Porphyra tenera (Asakusa-nori).
PubMed:[Importance of the polyamines: review of the literature].
PubMed:Biogenic amines and sensory changes associated with the microbial flora of Mediterranean gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata) stored aerobically at 0, 8, and 15 degrees C.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Neomycin inhibition of intestinal putrescine uptake.
PubMed:Phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus effects of polyamine modulators of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity in rats.
PubMed:Polyamines in human and rat milk influence intestinal cell growth in vitro.
PubMed:Changes in biogenic amines and microbiological analysis in albacore (Thunnus alalunga) muscle during frozen storage.
PubMed:Improved ion chromatography-integrated pulsed amperometric detection method for the evaluation of biogenic amines in food of vegetable or animal origin and in fermented foods.
PubMed:Ethanol and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex interactions: a detailed drug discrimination study in the rat.
PubMed:Amelioration of the protein metabolic response in spermidine-supplemented trauma rats.
PubMed:Effect of lectins on uptake of polyamines.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in cheese.
PubMed:Polyamine content of ordinary foodstuffs and various fermented foods.
PubMed:Nutritional efficacy of a spermidine supplemented diet.
PubMed:Overexpression of arginine decarboxylase in transgenic plants.
PubMed:PCR detection of Listeria monocytogenes in 'gravad' rainbow trout.
PubMed:Involvement of polyamines in the protection of taurine against the cytotoxicity of hydrazine or carbon tetrachloride in isolated rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Acute and subacute toxicity of tyramine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine in rats.
PubMed:Synthesis and antifungal activity of two novel spermidine analogues.
PubMed:Fasting and postprandial polyamine concentrations in the human digestive lumen.
PubMed:Morphological variation in folded duplex DNA chains.
PubMed:Enteral supplementation with ornithine alpha ketoglutarate improves the early adaptive response to resection.
PubMed:A cellular mechanism for imidocarb retention in edible bovine tissues.
PubMed:Growth inhibition of subcutaneously transplanted hepatomas by alterations of the dietary arginine-methionine balance.
PubMed:Assay of biogenic amines involved in fish decomposition.
PubMed:Polyamine profiles in human milk, infant artificial formulas, and semi-elemental diets.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic method for determination of biogenic amines in fish and fish products.
PubMed:Biogenic amines and microbial quality of sprouts.
PubMed:Vitamin A status and metabolism of cutaneous polyamines in the hairless mouse after UV irradiation: action of beta-carotene and astaxanthin.
PubMed:Stimulating effect of excess iron feeding on spontaneous lung tumor promotion in mice.
PubMed:Effect of sucrose monostearate, an emulsifier, on polyamine metabolism and phosphatidylinositol turnover in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.
PubMed:Induction of postprandial intestinal motility and release of cholecystokinin by polyamines in rats.
PubMed:Determination of biogenic amines in leafy vegetables by amino acid analyser.
PubMed:Glucocorticoid and polyamine involvement in zinc uptake by COMMA-1D mammary epithelial cells.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in dry sausages.
PubMed:Pathological changes in platelet histamine oxidases in atopic eczema.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in silage. 2. The dynamics of the formation of biogenic amines in silage.
PubMed:Biogenic amines in silage. 3. The occurrence of six biogenic amines in farm-scale grass and maize silages.
PubMed:Characterization of membrane-bound spermidine dehydrogenase of Citrobacter freundii.
PubMed:Altered tissue polyamine levels due to ornithine-alpha-ketoglutarate in traumatized growing rats.
PubMed:Polyamines in human and rat milk and in infant formulas.
PubMed:Polyamine concentration in rat milk and food, human milk, and infant formulas.
PubMed:Improvement of extraction procedure for biogenic amines in foods and their high-performance liquid chromatographic determination.
PubMed:[Refractory diarrhea in infants: experimental basis of current therapeutic perspectives].
PubMed:Is there a role for amines other than histamines in the aetiology of scombrotoxicosis?
PubMed:Quantitative determination of amines in wine by liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Spermidine biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biosynthesis and processing of a proenzyme form of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
PubMed:Selective determination of histamine by flow injection analysis.
PubMed:[Biogenic amine contents in fish and fish preserves].
PubMed:Polyamines and long-term disuse of rat parotid glands.
PubMed:Bioamines and proteins in the saliva and salivary glands of Palaearctic blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae).
PubMed:Effect of fasting and feeding on polyamines and related enzymes along the villus: crypt axis.
PubMed:Short- and long-term effects of secretin and a cholecystokinin-like peptide on pancreatic growth and synthesis of RNA and polyamines.
PubMed:Relationship of jejunostomy and urine polyamine content to refeeding and intestinal structure and function.
PubMed:Effect of dietary zinc deficiency and the associated drop in voluntary food intake on rat erythrocyte membrane polyamines.
PubMed:[Determination of biogenic amines by RP-HPLC for monitoring the microbial spoilage of poultry].
PubMed:Effects of food restriction and hyperoxia on rat survival and lung polyamine metabolism.
PubMed:Amines in fresh beef of normal pH and the role of bacteria in changes in concentration observed during storage in vacuum packs at chill temperatures.
PubMed:Red blood cell polyamine levels and host toxicity during continuous alpha-difluoromethylornithine infusion.
PubMed:Formation of biogenic amines in herring and mackerel.
PubMed:Effect of starvation and refeeding on polyamine concentrations and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme in mammary gland of lactating rats.
PubMed:Determination of mono-, di- and polyamines in foods using a single-column amino acid auto-analyzer.
PubMed:Mutagenicity of pyrolysates from guanidine, ureide, secondary amines and polyamines found by the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome test.
PubMed:Effect of diaminobutene and diaminopropane on diet-stimulated polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation in rat liver.
PubMed:Correlation between circadian rhythms of polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation in rat liver.
PubMed:Formation of bis(hydroxyalkyl)-N-nitrosamines as products of the nitrosation of spermidine.
PubMed:Formation of volatile, hydroxylated, and chlorinated N-nitrosamines during the nitrosation of spermidine 3-hydrochloride.
PubMed:Factors influencing the rate of formation of volatile N-nitrosamines during the nitrosation of spermidine.
PubMed:Nitrosopyrrolidine formation in fried bacon.
PubMed:Determination of amines in fresh and processed pork.
PubMed:Identification of gamma-butenyl-(beta-propenyl) nitrosamine, the principal volatile nitrosamine formed in the nitrosation of spermidine of spermine.
PubMed:Effects of processing on the amine content of pork bellies.
PubMed:Potential precursors of N-nitrosopyrrolidine in bacon and other fried foods.
PubMed:[Relationships between polyamines and nucleic acids. I. Influence of food deprivation, phenobarbital and perfluorobutyric acid on the nucleic acid, spermine and spermidine content of mouse liver].
PubMed:[Effect of food deprivation, phenobarbital and perfluorobutyric acid on the content of nucleic acids, spermidine and spermine in the mouse liver].
 
Notes:
a polyamine formed from putrescine. it is found in almost all tissues in association with nucleic acids. it is found as a cation at all ph values, and is thought to help stabilize some membranes and nucleic acid structures. it is a precursor of spermine. Constit. of meat products. Isol from the edible shaggy ink cap mushroom (Coprinus comatus) and from commercial/household prepared sauerkraut Spermidine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism. (Wikipedia)
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