EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

phthalic anhydride
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
CAS Number: 85-44-9Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):39363-63-8
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:201-607-5
FDA UNII: UVL263I5BJ
Nikkaji Web:J4.919K
MDL:MFCD00005918
XlogP3-AA:1.30 (est)
Molecular Weight:148.11748000
Formula:C8 H4 O3
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
DG SANTE Food Contact Materials:phthalic anhydride
FDA Mainterm (IAUFC):85-44-9 ; PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white flakes (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 130.00 to 133.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 295.00 to 296.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.002000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 283.00 °F. TCC ( 139.70 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.600
Soluble in:
 water, 3326 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 water, 6200 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Capot Chemical
Phthalic Anhydride
Charkit Chemical
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE
Covalent Chemical
Phthalic Anhydride
Glentham Life Sciences
Phthalic anhydride
Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals
Phthalic Anhydride
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Phthalic anhydride ACS reagent, ≥99%
Silver Fern Chemical
Phthalic Anhydride
Odor: characteristic
Use: Phthalic anhydride’s primary use is as a chemical intermediate in resins and plastics. Other uses include dyes, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and as a laboratory reagent.
Stepan Company
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE FLAKE
Stepan Company
PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE MOLTEN
SysKem Chemie
Phthalic Anhydride
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 1530 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 15(Suppl

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LD50 100 mg/kg
"Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968Vol. -, Pg. 410, 1968.

oral-cat LD50 800 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 322, 1986.

oral-mouse LD50 1500 mg/kg
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 100, 1982.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 10000 mg/kg
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 13-4/1970

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 > 210 mg/m3/1H
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 13-4/1970

 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
Recommendation for phthalic anhydride usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for phthalic anhydride flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):85-44-9
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6811
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
Chemidplus:0000085449
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:85-44-9
 
References:
 2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:85-44-9
Pubchem (cid):6811
Pubchem (sid):134972826
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
Export Tariff Code:2917.35.0000
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:Read Report
Formulations/Preparations:
•grade: pure; technical. •grades or purity: flake, molten; commercial: 99.8% purity.
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid anhydride
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride
2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
1,3-isobenzofurandione
1,3-phthalandione
 phthalic acid anhydride
o-phthalic acid anhydride
ortho-phthalic acid anhydride
 retarder AK
 retarder PD
 vulkalent B
 wiltrol P
 

Articles:

PubMed:DFT Studies of the Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent and Semiconductor Polycyclic Benzimidazole Derivatives.
PubMed:Development of a capillary electrophoresis method with direct UV detection for the analysis of thiodiglycol and its oxidation products.
PubMed:Synthesis and verification of biobased terephthalic acid from furfural.
PubMed:Copolymerization and terpolymerization of carbon dioxide/propylene oxide/phthalic anhydride using a (salen)Co(III) complex tethering four quaternary ammonium salts.
PubMed:Enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing activity of siRNA molecules mediated by chitosan-derivative nanocomplexes.
PubMed:Synthesis and biological activities of some new (Nα-dinicotinoyl)-bis-L-leucyl linear and macrocyclic peptides.
PubMed:Preparation and antioxidant activity of xanthan oligosaccharides derivatives with similar substituting degrees.
PubMed:Quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of fermented soybean products containing a high concentration of GABA on phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice.
PubMed:Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-a] phthalazine derivatives.
PubMed:Effect of simultaneous exposure to mixture of two skin sensitizers on skin sensitization response in guinea pigs and mice.
PubMed:Analysis of complex phthalic acid based polyesters by the combination of size exclusion chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:External validation of structure-biodegradation relationship (SBR) models for predicting the biodegradability of xenobiotics.
PubMed:Chemical modification of cellulose by in situ reactive extrusion in ionic liquid.
PubMed:Determination of non-ionic and anionic surfactants in industrial products by separation on a weak ion-exchanger, derivatization and liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Kinetics of action of a two-stage pro-inhibitor of serine β-lactamases.
PubMed:A concise synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a novel series of naphthylpyridine-3-carbonitrile compounds.
PubMed:Therapeutic effects of fermented soycrud on phenotypes of atopic dermatitis induced by phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Quantitative evaluation of therapeutic effect of Liriope platyphylla on phthalic anhydride-induced atopic dermatitis in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice.
PubMed:Determination of alcohols in essential oils by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after chromogenic derivatization.
PubMed:Phthalic anhydride-induced skin inflammation is augmented in KLF10-deficient mice.
PubMed:Organogelation behavior and thermal properties of supramolecular polymer network composed of carboxy- and pyridyl-terminated 4-arm star-shaped ε-caprolactone oligomers.
PubMed:New determination method for sulfonation degree of phthalic anhydride by RP-HPLC.
PubMed:Preparation of Carboxylato-Coordinated Titanium Alkoxides from Carboxylic Anhydrides: Alkoxido Group Transfer from Metal Atom to Carbonyl Group.
PubMed:Modification of chitosan derivatives of environmental and biological interest: a green chemistry approach.
PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of a novel carboxyl group containing (co)polyimide with sulfur in the polymer backbone.
PubMed:Bronchial asthma and COPD due to irritants in the workplace - an evidence-based approach.
PubMed:Synthesis of a new series of pyridine and fused pyridine derivatives.
PubMed:Use of melem as a nucleophilic reagent to form the triphthalimide C6N7(phthal)3--new targets and prospects.
PubMed:Pathway of diethyl phthalate photolysis in sea-water determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and compound-specific isotope analysis.
PubMed:Synthesis of new pyrazole, triazole, and thiazolidine-pyrimido [4, 5-b] quinoline derivatives with potential antitumor activity.
PubMed:Comparison of cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice exposed to respiratory and contact sensitizers.
PubMed:Identification of contact and respiratory sensitizers according to IL-4 receptor α expression and IL-2 production.
PubMed:Effect of Persimmon Leaf Extract on Phthalic Anhydride-induced Allergic Response in Mice.
PubMed:Prevalidation study of the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay at pH 7.0 for assessment of carcinogenic potential of chemicals.
PubMed:Improvement of antioxidant activity of chitosan by chemical treatment and ionizing radiation.
PubMed:Synthesis and evaluation of the anxiolytic activity of some phthalimide derivatives in mice model of anxiety.
PubMed:Prevalidation study of the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay at pH 6.7 for assessment of carcinogenic potential of chemicals.
PubMed:Reduction of misleading ("false") positive results in mammalian cell genotoxicity assays. I. Choice of cell type.
PubMed:Structure-property relationship in new photo-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins.
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of the transparent hybrids of silicone epoxy resin and titanium dioxide nanoparticles via sol-gel reactions.
PubMed:The atmospheric photolysis of o-tolualdehyde.
PubMed:Density functional theory and mass spectrometry of phthalate fragmentations mechanisms: modeling hyperconjugated carbocation and radical cation complexes with neutral molecules.
PubMed:Catalyst optimization strategy: selective oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:[Determination of phthalic anhydride in ambient air by high performance liquid chromatography].
PubMed:Genotoxicity screening via the γH2AX by flow assay.
PubMed:HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from municipal sewage sludge.
PubMed:A novel method for synthesizing PEGylated chitosan nanoparticles: strategy, preparation, and in vitro analysis.
PubMed:Depolymerization of unsaturated polyesters and waste fiber-reinforced plastics by using ionic liquids: the use of microwaves to accelerate the reaction rate.
PubMed:GATA binding protein 3 overexpression and suppression significantly contribute to the regulation of allergic skin inflammation.
PubMed:Detection of allergenic compounds using an IL-4/luciferase/CNS-1 transgenic mice model.
PubMed:In vitro evaluation of ketoprofen controlled release from various formulations.
PubMed:Biodegradation of anthracene by Aspergillus fumigatus.
PubMed:A rapid and sensitive CE method with field-enhanced sample injection and in-capillary derivatization for selenomethionine metabolism catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenases.
PubMed:Synthesis of chiral macrocyclic or linear pyridine carboxamides from pyridine-2,6-dicarbonyl dichloride as antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:IL-6, VEGF, KC and RANTES are a major cause of a high irritant dermatitis to phthalic anhydride in C57BL/6 inbred mice.
PubMed:Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-substituted [4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl methyl)] phthalazin-1(2H)-one derivatives.
PubMed:Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of some novel 6-alkoxy(phenoxy)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine-3-amine derivatives.
PubMed:Exploring the favorable ion-exchange ability of phthalylated cellulose biopolymer using thermodynamic data.
PubMed:Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane catalysts for optical sensing of anhydrides in the gas phase.
PubMed:Positive chemical ionization triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry and ab initio computational studies of the multi-pathway fragmentation of phthalates.
PubMed:Cytotoxicity and utility of 1-indanone in the synthesis of some new heterocycles.
PubMed:A method for measuring mouse respiratory allergic reaction to low-dose chemical exposure to allergens: an environmental chemical of uncertain allergenicity, a typical contact allergen and a non-sensitizing irritant.
PubMed:The degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) during ozonation: oxidation by-products study.
PubMed:Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of novel Phthalazin-4-ylacetamides against log- and starved phase cultures.
PubMed:Degradation of acid red 97 dye in aqueous medium using wet oxidation and electro-Fenton techniques.
PubMed:Grafting of chitosan as a biopolymer onto wool fabric using anhydride bridge and its antibacterial property.
PubMed:Chemical modification of Posidonia with cyclic anhydrides: effect on thermal stability.
PubMed:On-capillary derivatization using a hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm approach.
PubMed:Enantioselective synthesis of benzyl (1S,2R,4R)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexylcarbamate using an iodolactamization as the key step.
PubMed:Novel phthalazinyl derivatives: synthesis, antimycobacterial activities, and inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase enzyme.
PubMed:Comparative electrochemical studies at different operational temperatures for the effect of nanoclay platelets on the anticorrosion efficiency of organo-soluble polyimide/clay nanocomposite coatings.
PubMed:Microwave flash pyrolysis.
PubMed:Synthesis and in vitro anti Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of a series of phthalimide derivatives.
PubMed:Contact and respiratory sensitizers can be identified by cytokine profiles following inhalation exposure.
PubMed:Investigations into a novel method for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon monitoring.
PubMed:Occupational contact urticaria caused by cyclic acid anhydrides.
PubMed:Optical and vibrational properties of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic anhydride.
PubMed:Ozonation of reactive dye, Procion red MX-5B catalyzed by metal ions.
PubMed:2-[N-(2,4-Difluoro-phen-yl)carbamo-yl]-3,4,5,6-tetra-fluoro-benzoic acid.
PubMed:Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative addition of anhydrides to alkynes.
PubMed:pH-sensitive hydrogels of dextran: synthesis, characterization and in vivo studies.
PubMed:Kinetics and mechanism of the cleavage of phthalic anhydride in glacial acetic acid solvent containing aniline.
PubMed:Identification of covalent binding sites of phthalic anhydride in human hemoglobin.
PubMed:The respiratory local lymph node assay as a tool to study respiratory sensitizers.
PubMed:Analysis of the molecular size distribution of polyethylene glycols by CE-UV versus HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection.
PubMed:Synthesis and properties of temperature-responsive chitosan by controlled free radical polymerization with chitosan-RAFT agent.
PubMed:Determination of fatty alcohol ethoxylates by derivatization with phthalic anhydride followed by liquid chromatography with UV-vis detection.
PubMed:Stereoselective direct glycosylation with anomeric hydroxy sugars by activation with phthalic anhydride and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride involving glycosyl phthalate intermediates.
PubMed:Photoionization of atmospheric aerosol constituents and precursors in the 7-15 eV energy region: experimental and theoretical study.
PubMed:Synthesis and Antiulcer Activity Studies of 2-(1'-Iminothioimido Substituted)-1'-Substituted Phenylbenzoic acids.
PubMed:Alkyd-amino resins based on waste PET for coating applications.
PubMed:Biodegradability of highly ethoxylated nonionic surfactants: determination of intermediates and pathways of biodegradation.
PubMed:Mild synthesis of asymmetric 2'-carboxyethyl-substituted fluoresceins.
PubMed:Synthesis and anti-cancer activity of benzothiazole containing phthalimide on human carcinoma cell lines.
PubMed:Selective adsorbent for the removal of immunoglobulin E in bronchial asthma.
PubMed:Biosynthesis of [1-15N] L-tryptophan from 15N labeled anthranilic acid by fermentation of Candida utilis mutant.
PubMed:5-(2-Phenyl-ethyn-yl)isobenzofuran-1,3-dione.
PubMed:pH fluorescent probes: chlorinated fluoresceins.
PubMed:Contact urticaria to phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of novel organosoluble and optically active aromatic polyesters containing L-methionine and phthalimide pendent groups.
PubMed:Photostable, amino reactive and water-soluble fluorescent labels based on sulfonated rhodamine with a rigidized xanthene fragment.
PubMed:Template synthesis of novel carboxamide dinuclear copper (II) complex: spectral characterization and reactivity towards calf-thymus DNA.
PubMed:Kinetic coupled with UV spectral evidence for near-irreversible nonionic micellar binding of N-benzylphthalimide under the typical reaction conditions: an observation against a major assumption of the pseudophase micellar model.
PubMed:Substantial rate enhancements of the esterification reaction of phthalic anhydride with methanol at high pressure and using supercritical CO2 as a co-solvent in a glass microreactor.
PubMed:Synthesis, resolution, and antiplatelet activity of 3-substituted 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone.
PubMed:Enantioseparation using urea- and imide-bearing chitosan phenylcarbamate derivatives as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:3-(3-Oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-ylidene)pentane-2,4-dione.
PubMed:Dicarbonyl products of the OH radical-initiated reactions of naphthalene and the Cl- and C2-alkylnaphthalenes.
PubMed:Improvement of activity and stability of chloroperoxidase by chemical modification.
PubMed:Scrubbing ions with molecules: kinetic studies of chemical noise reduction in mass spectrometry using ion-molecule reactions with dimethyl disulfide.
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of phthalated cellulose derivatives in room-temperature ionic liquid without catalysts.
PubMed:A rare nail polish allergen: phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride and glycols copolymer.
PubMed:Thalidomide analogs from diamines: Synthesis and evaluation as inhibitors of TNF-alpha production.
PubMed:Use of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to follow the heterocumulene aided thermal dehydration of phthalic and naphthalic acids.
PubMed:3-tert-Butyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-phthalazin-1-yl 3,5-dimethyl-benzoate.
PubMed:Enhanced degradation and toxicity reduction of dihexyl phthalate by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi cutinase.
PubMed:Allergic contact dermatitis to copolymers in cosmetics--case report and review of the literature.
PubMed:Kinetics and products of photolysis and reaction with OH radicals of a series of aromatic carbonyl compounds.
PubMed:Preparation of 4-aminophenylacetic acid derivatives with promising antimicrobial activity.
PubMed:Organic and inorganic di-cations for capillary silica coating and EOF modulation in CE: Example of application in PEG analysis.
PubMed:Synthesis of 15N-labeled phthalimide.
PubMed:Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of 4-amino-2-aryl-5-cyano-6-{3- and 4-(N-phthalimidophenyl)} pyrimidines.
PubMed:Spectroscopic study on the photophysical properties of novel lanthanide complexes with long chain mono-L phthalate (L=hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl).
PubMed:Microwaves synthesis of solid supports for the synthesis of 3'-aminoalkyl oligodeoxynucleotides.
PubMed:Identification of induced acidification in iron-enriched cultures of Bacillus subtilis during biosurfactant fermentation.
PubMed:Spectroscopic study on the photophysical properties of lanthanide complexes with long chain mono-docosyl phthalate.
PubMed:A series of four cases of allergic contact dermatitis to phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer in nail varnish.
PubMed:Effect of Th2 cytokine antagonist treatments on chemical-induced allergic response in mice.
PubMed:Synthesis of phthalates of betulinic acid and betulin with cytotoxic activity.
PubMed:Synthesis and study of some new N-substituted imide derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
PubMed:Assessment of potency of allergenic activity of low molecular weight compounds based on IL-1alpha and IL-18 production by a murine and human keratinocyte cell line.
PubMed:Optimized synthesis of functionalized fluorescent oligodeoxynucleotides for protein labeling.
PubMed:Pyrolysis of flame retardant brominated polyester composites.
PubMed:SPE/LC/ESI/MS with phthalic anhydride derivatisation for the determination of alcohol ethoxylate surfactants in sewage influent and effluent samples.
PubMed:Ship-in-a-bottle synthesis of fluorescence-labeled nanoparticles: applications in cellular imaging.
PubMed:A comparative study of the sensitivity of the 3-induction and 9-induction Buehler test procedures for assessing skin sensitisation potential.
PubMed:Characterization of glycerin-based polyols by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Mild and effective N-phthaloylation of amino acids.
PubMed:Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of two novel anthraquinone derivatives.
PubMed:Determination of airborne anhydrides using LC-MS monitoring negative ions of di-n-butylamine derivatives.
PubMed:Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of N-substituted-isoindolinedione derivatives.
PubMed:Synthesis of N-sugar-substituted phthalimides and their derivatives from sugar azides and phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Synthesis and hypolipidemic activity of N-substituted phthalimides. Part V.
PubMed:Identifying airway sensitizers: cytokine mRNA profiles induced by various anhydrides.
PubMed:Novel efficient preparative method for phthalocyanines from phthalimides and phthalic anhydride with HMDS.
PubMed:Kinetics and mechanism of intramolecular carboxylic acid participation in the hydrolysis of N-methoxyphthalamic acid.
PubMed:[Contact allergy to epoxy resins plastics based on materials collected by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine].
PubMed:Controlled hydrophobic/hydrophilicity of chitosan for spheres without specific processing technique.
PubMed:Surface modification of chitosan films. Effects of hydrophobicity on protein adsorption.
PubMed:Synthesis of 5-substituted 2-methylbenzimidazoles with anticancer activity.
PubMed:Characterization of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols by capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
PubMed:Effects of phthalic anhydride modification on horseradish peroxidase stability and activity.
PubMed:Exposure to cyclic anhydrides in welding: a new allergen-chlorendic anhydride.
PubMed:Cytokine production induced by low-molecular-weight chemicals as a function of the stimulation index in a modified local lymph node assay: an approach to discriminate contact sensitizers from respiratory sensitizers.
PubMed:Interleukins 5 and 13 characterize immune responses to respiratory sensitizing acid anhydrides.
PubMed:Phthalic anhydride allergy: development and characterization of optimized hapten-carrier conjugates for improved diagnosis.
PubMed:A new synthesis of oxadiazole, thiazolidinone, N-phthalimidoamino carbonyl and arylidene derivatives with potential antimicrobial activity.
PubMed:Folding of aromatic oligoimides of trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
PubMed:Allergic contact dermatitis from phthalic anhydride/trimellitic anhydride/glycols copolymer in nail varnish.
PubMed:Separation and identification of the phthalic anhydride derivatives of Liqusticum Chuanxiong Hort by GC-MS, TLC, HPLC-DAD, and HPLC-MS.
PubMed:A cross-sectional survey of 32 workers exposed to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides.
PubMed:Allergic contact dermatitis from unsaturated polyester resin consisting of maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, ethylene glycol and dicyclopentadiene.
PubMed:Solid-phase synthesis of thalidomide and its analogues.
PubMed:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: topically acting antiglaucoma sulfonamides incorporating phthaloyl and phthalimido moieties.
PubMed:Assessment of preferential Th1 or Th2 induction by low-molecular-weight compounds using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method: comparison of two mouse strains, C57BL/6 and BALB/c.
PubMed:Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of phthalic anhydride and aryl hydrogen phthalates.
PubMed:Microwave assisted synthesis of N-arylphthalamic acids with hyperlipidemic activity.
PubMed:First rational synthesis of the thiothiono analogue of an unsymmetrically substituted phthalic anhydride
PubMed:On-column derivatization and analysis of amino acids, peptides, and alkylamines by anhydrides using capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Characterization in mice of the immunological properties of five allergenic acid anhydrides.
PubMed:A quantitative method for assessing the sensitizing potency of low molecular weight chemicals using a local lymph node assay: employment of a regression method that includes determination of the uncertainty margins.
PubMed:Rational design of selective submicromolar inhibitors of Tritrichomonas foetus hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase.
PubMed:Assessment of preferential T-helper 1 or T-helper 2 induction by low molecular weight compounds using the local lymph node assay in conjunction with RT-PCR and ELISA for interferon-gamma and interleukin-4.
PubMed:Network of C-H...O interactions in 1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride.
PubMed:Epigenetic events during the process of cell transformation induced by carcinogens (review).
PubMed:Crystallization in Polyamide 6/Polysulfone Blends: Effect of Polysulfone Particle Size.
PubMed:Chromosome aberrations in vitro related to cytotoxicity of nonmutagenic chemicals and metabolic poisons.
PubMed:Rational design of novel antimicrobials: blocking purine salvage in a parasitic protozoan.
PubMed:Separation of nonionic surfactants by capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:5'-Substituted thalidomide analogs as modulators of TNF-alpha.
PubMed:The characteristics of specific IgG to phthalic anhydride (PA)-albumin conjugate.
PubMed:Dysregulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity, apoptosis and Bcl-2 oncoprotein in Syrian hamster embryo cells stage-exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate.
PubMed:Critical effects and exposure limits.
PubMed:Allergic alveolitis following exposure to epoxy polyester powder paint containing low amounts (<1%) of acid anhydrides.
PubMed:Antibody specificity to the chemical structures of organic acid anhydrides studied by in-vitro and in-vivo methods.
PubMed:Oligomeric separation of ionic and nonionic ethoxylated polymers by capillary gel electrophoresis.
PubMed:Bovine beta-lactoglobulin modified by 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride blocks the CD4 cell receptor for HIV.
PubMed:[Synthesis of optically active (R)- and (S)-tai-ding-an(TDA) and their anti-HSV activity evaluation].
PubMed:Preparation, characterization and in vitro drug release of poly-epsilon-caprolactone and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate ketoprofen loaded microspheres.
PubMed:Anti-plasticizer specific IgE is present in the serum of transfused patients.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of organic acid anhydrides as antigens in an animal model.
PubMed:Exposure to acid anhydrides in three resin and one cushioned flooring manufacturing plants.
PubMed:Immunologic contact urticaria due to airborne methylhexahydrophthalic and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydrides.
PubMed:A two-centre study for the evaluation and validation of an animal model for the assessment of the potential of small molecular weight chemicals to cause respiratory allergy.
PubMed:A clinical and immunological study on 92 workers occupationally exposed to anhydrides.
PubMed:[The toxic hygiene problems of workers in the Dinamik automobile tire plant in Sofia].
PubMed:The association of HLA-DR3 with specific IgE to inhaled acid anhydrides.
PubMed:[Is atopy a risk factor of occupational asthma?].
PubMed:Induction of type I hypersensitivity in guinea pigs after inhalation of phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Immunologic cross-reactivity of acid anhydrides with immunoglobulin E against trimellityl-human serum albumin.
PubMed:[A case of eosinophilic bronchitis due to epoxy resin system hardener, methle endo methylene tetrahydro phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:Sensitive enantiomeric separation of aliphatic and aromatic amines using aromatic anhydrides as nonchiral derivatizing agents.
PubMed:Detection and clinical relevance of a type I allergy with occupational exposure to hexahydrophthalic anhydride and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Detection of specific IgE in isocyanate and phthalic anhydride exposed workers: comparison of RAST RIA, Immuno CAP System FEIA, and Magic Lite SQ.
PubMed:Immunologic specificity of IgG against trimellityl-human serum albumin in serum samples of workers exposed to trimellitic anhydride.
PubMed:Automated integration of external databases: a knowledge-based approach to enhancing rule-based expert systems.
PubMed:Identification of a surface structure in the fourth component of human complement, C4, which becomes hidden upon activation by C1(-)s.
PubMed:Skin prick tests with solutions of acid anhydrides in acetone.
PubMed:[Transient syndrome of acute irritation of the bronchi induced by single and massive inhalation of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[A case of bronchial hyperreactivity induced by a single inhalation of a large quantity of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:Variable effects of chemical allergens on serum IgE concentration in mice. Preliminary evaluation of a novel approach to the identification of respiratory sensitizers.
PubMed:Immune alteration associated with exposure to toxic chemicals.
PubMed:Effects of surface-active resins on dentin/composite bonds.
PubMed:Divergent immune responses to respiratory and contact chemical allergens: antibody elicited by phthalic anhydride and oxazolone.
PubMed:A tier approach for evaluating the respiratory allergenicity of low molecular weight chemicals.
PubMed:Immunologic tests of specific antibodies to organic acid anhydrides.
PubMed:Study of some improved shellac derivatives as microencapsulating materials.
PubMed:[Specific serum IgG antibodies against phthalic anhydride in occupationally exposed workers].
PubMed:Serum IgE and lung function in workers exposed to phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:[Platelet hyperaggregation induced by low molecular weight heparin in adult respiratory distress syndrome].
PubMed:Air impurities in the PVC plastics processing industry.
PubMed:Monomer composition and bond strength of light-cured 4-META opaque resin.
PubMed:Significant increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats following short-term exposure to the peroxisome proliferators di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate.
PubMed:[Structure correction and synthesis of subspinosin].
PubMed:[Sensitization to ethylene oxide: a possible cause of reactions in hemodialysis patients].
PubMed:Aspirin-like effects of selected food additives and industrial sensitizing agents.
PubMed:Epitope characterization by modifications of antigens and by mapping on resin-bound peptides. Discriminating epitopes near the C-terminus and N-terminus of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S13.
PubMed:Small airways function in workers processing polyvinylchloride.
PubMed:[Determining the occupational risk of skin diseases at the chemical plant "G. Genov" in Ruse].
PubMed:[Formaldehyde and phthalic anhydride asthma. Demonstration of specific IgE antibodies with RAST].
PubMed:In vitro immunologic studies on a population of workers exposed to phthalic and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Immune responses of cynomolgus monkeys to phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Specific serum antibodies against phthalic anhydride in occupationally exposed subjects.
PubMed:Allergy in long-term hemodialysis. II. Allergic and atopic patterns of a population of patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.
PubMed:[Obstetrical analgesia in a woman allergic to ethylene oxide].
PubMed:Establishing clinical and immunologic criteria for diagnosis of occupational immunologic lung disease with phthalic anhydride and tetrachlorophthalic anhydride exposures as a model.
PubMed:Occupational asthma caused by himic anhydride.
PubMed:Total chemical synthesis and antitumor evaluation of the 9-aza analogue of N-(trifluoroacetyl)-4-demethoxydaunomycin.
PubMed:Phthalic anhydride as an impurity in industrial atmospheres: assay in air samples by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
PubMed:Carcinogenic potential of phthalic acid esters and related compounds: structure-activity relationships.
PubMed:Studies on the genetic effects of phthalic acid esters on cells in culture.
PubMed:[Nasal and bronchial respiratory pathology in a group of workers exposed to phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:Phthalic anhydride-induced occupational asthma.
PubMed:Phthalic acid excretion as an indicator of exposure to phthalic anhydride in the work atmosphere.
PubMed:Urine phthalate determinations as an index of occupational exposure to phthalic anhydride and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate.
PubMed:[Phthalic anhydride (PA) induced asthma and its etio-diagnostic study].
PubMed:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
PubMed:Biosynthesis of polyisoprenoid lipids in the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta.
PubMed:Heterogeneity of specific-IgE responses in workers sensitized to acid anhydride compounds.
PubMed:Synthesis of undecagold cluster molecules as biochemical labeling reagents. 3. Dimeric cluster with a single reactive amino group.
PubMed:Synthesis of undecagold cluster molecules as biochemical labeling reagents. 1. Monoacyl and mono[N-(succinimidooxy)succinyl] undecagold clusters.
PubMed:Solid-solid reaction between sulfacetamide and phthalic anhydride.
PubMed:Mortality from lung cancer in an acetylene and phthalic anhydride plant. A case-referent study.
PubMed:[Synthesis of 14C-azelastine hydrochloride].
PubMed:Carcinogenicity testing of phthalate esters and related compounds by the National Toxicology Program and the National Cancer Institute.
PubMed:Clinical and immunologic evaluation of trimellitic anhydride workers in multiple industrial settings.
PubMed:Clinical and immunologic evaluation of trimellitic anhydride-and phthalic anhydride-exposed workers using a questionnaire with comparative analysis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and radioimmunoassay studies.
PubMed:The relative teratogenic index and teratogenic potency: proposed components of developmental toxicity risk assessment.
PubMed:Biological activities of chemically modified endotoxins from Vibrio cholerae.
PubMed:Meat wrapper's asthma: identification of the causal agent.
PubMed:Bioassay of phthalic anhydride for possible carcinogenicity.
PubMed:[A study on the health-status and working conditions of phthalic anhydride workers (author's transl)].
PubMed:[A case study in bronchial asthma due to phthalic anhydride (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Occupational dermatitis due to a yellow quinophthalone dye (solvent yellow 33: C.I. 47 000)].
PubMed:Meat worker's asthma.
PubMed:Phthalic anhydride asthma.
PubMed:[Relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of antibodies against the foot-and-mouth disease virus].
PubMed:[Hygienic standardization of a mixture of acrolein, acetone and phthalic anhydride in the atmosphere].
PubMed:Biologic properties of nontoxic derivatives of a lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli K235.
PubMed:In vitro demonstration of specific IgE in phthalic anhydride hypersensitivity.
PubMed:A new inhibitor of coupled oxidative phosphorylation, 5-hydroxynaphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, a derivative of a carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbon.
PubMed:Biological activity of phthalated endotoxin.
PubMed:Environmental fate and biodegradability of benzene derivatives as studied in a model aquatic ecosystem.
PubMed:[Reversible acylation of protein amino groups with phthalic anhydride. Application to muscle parvalbumins].
PubMed:[Hygienic evaluation of the allergenic activity of phthalic anhydride entering the body by inhalation].
PubMed:[Diagnosis and physiopathology of asthma due to phthalic anhydride: value of the lymphoblastic transformation test].
PubMed:[Determination of micro-amounts of phthalic anhydride in water extracts of polymers].
PubMed:Air pollution potential of phthalic anhydride manufacture.
PubMed:[Gonadotropic action of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[On the problem of working conditions in the production of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[Observations on occupational disease in workers exposed to phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[Experimental data on substantiation of the maximum permissible concentration of phthalic acid (phthalic anhydride) in bodies of water].
PubMed:[Capillary permeability in workers engaged in the production of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[DETERMINATION OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE IN THE AIR BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRY].
PubMed:[ARGININE AND GLYCOCOLL IN ACUTE PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE POISONING].
PubMed:[ON CAPILLARY RESISTANCE IN WORKERS ENGAGED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE].
PubMed:[OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE].
PubMed:[ON THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DURING THE COURSE OF THE WORKING DAY IN WORKERS ENGAGED IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE].
PubMed:[Aspects of the pathology of phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:[Effect of phthalic anhydride powder on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract].
PubMed:[Determination of malein anhydride in the presence of phthalic anhydride, alpha-naphthochinon and benzoic acid in the air].
PubMed:[Poisoning caused by phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalates].
PubMed:[Determination of small quantities of phthalic anhydride in air in industry].
PubMed:[Poisoning with phthalic anhydride].
PubMed:The reaction of certain secondary amines with phthalic anhydride; a new synthesis of beta-alanine.
 
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