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Category:indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | white crystalline solid (est) |
| Assay: | 98.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 230.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 210.00 to 211.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 112.00 to 113.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Density: | 5.73 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 0.730 |
| Soluble in: |
| | 1 g dissolves in 160 mL of water | | | water, 7010 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xi - Irritant |
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
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| Hazards identification |
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| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
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| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-mouse LD50 2530 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"
Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 711, 1992.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 550 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 49, Pg. 471, 1942.
unreported-rat LD50 1100 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 32(8), Pg. 12, 1967.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | indirect food additives: adhesives and components of coatings |
| Recommendation for phthalic acid usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for phthalic acid flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 1,2- | benzene carboxylic acid | | o- | benzene dicarboxylic acid | | ortho- | benzene dicarboxylic acid | | | benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid | | o- | benzenecarboxylic acid | | 1,2- | benzenedicarboxylic acid | | ortho- | benzenedicarboxylic acid | | 1,2- | benzenedicarboxylicacid | | o- | dicarboxybenzene | | ortho- | dicarboxybenzene | | o- | phthalic acid | | ortho- | phthalic acid | | | sunftal 20 |
Articles:
| PubMed:Important nutritional constituents, flavour components, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Pleurotus sajor-caju. |
| PubMed:Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods. |
| PubMed:Determination of volatile organic compounds generated from fresh, white and red Panax ginseng (C. A. Meyer) using a direct sample injection technique. |
| PubMed:Occurrence, Fate, Behavior and Ecotoxicological State of Phthalates in Different Environmental Matrices. |
| PubMed:An indirect competitive biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in milk and milk products. |
| PubMed:Potential Toxicity of Phthalic Acid Esters Plasticizer: Interaction of Dimethyl Phthalate with Trypsin in Vitro. |
| PubMed:Presence of phthalate derivatives in the essential oils of a medicinal plant Achillea tenuifolia. |
| PubMed:[Exposure risk assessment of plasticizer in dietary food in Xiamen]. |
| PubMed:Endocrine disruptors in food contact materials; is there a health threat? |
| PubMed:Occurrence of phthalate esters in river sediments in areas with different land use patterns. |
| PubMed:Determination of contamination pathways of phthalates in food products sold on the Belgian market. |
| PubMed:Analysis of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Important nutritional constituents, flavour components, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Pleurotus sajor-caju. |
| PubMed:Hydrophobically modified chitosan: a bio-based material for antimicrobial active film. |
| PubMed:Effects of phthalic acid esters on fetal health. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous analysis of phthalates, adipate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oils using isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Modelling the environmental transfer of phthalates and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans into agricultural products: the EN-forc model. |
| PubMed:Views of pregnant women and clinicians regarding discussion of exposure to phthalate plasticizers. |
| PubMed:Dietary phthalate exposure in pregnant women and the impact of consumer practices. |
| PubMed:Dietary predictors of urinary environmental biomarkers in young girls, BCERP, 2004-7. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and phthalate plasticizers in samples of meat, fish, and cheese and their packaging films. |
| PubMed:Investigation of the source of residual phthalate in sundried salt. |
| PubMed:Intake estimates of phthalate esters for South Delhi population based on exposure media assessment. |
| PubMed:Dispersive solid-phase extraction based on magnetic dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres for selective screening of phthalates in plastic bottled beverages. |
| PubMed:Di-n-butyl phthalate causes estrogenic effects in adult male Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis). |
| PubMed:[Cosmetics as source of xenoestrogens exposure]. |
| PubMed:[Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) pollution in farmland soils: a review]. |
| PubMed:Determination of 23 phthalic acid esters in food by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Urinary phthalate metabolites among elementary school children of Korea: sources, risks, and their association with oxidative stress marker. |
| PubMed:Study of XAD-2 adsorbent for the enrichment of trace levels of phthalate esters in hydroalcoholic food beverages and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization and ion-trap mass spectrometry detectors. |
| PubMed:Comparative studies of the binding of six phthalate plasticizers to pepsin by multispectroscopic approach and molecular modeling. |
| PubMed:Association of urinary arsenic, heavy metal, and phthalate concentrations with food allergy in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. |
| PubMed:Phthalates in German daycare centers: occurrence in air and dust and the excretion of their metabolites by children (LUPE 3). |
| PubMed:A new problem. Contamination of botanicals by phthalates. Rapid detection tests. |
| PubMed:Phthalates and the diets of U.S. children and adolescents. |
| PubMed:Predictors of urinary bisphenol A and phthalate metabolite concentrations in Mexican children. |
| PubMed:Ionic-liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for high-throughput multiple food contaminant screening. |
| PubMed:In vitro metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) as biomarkers of exposure in human biomonitoring applications. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of modern views on the migration of polymeric substances from the packaging into the drinking water during storage and their influence on living organisms]. |
| PubMed:Recycled paper-paperboard for food contact materials: contaminants suspected and migration into foods and food simulant. |
| PubMed:Rapid analysis of phthalates in beverage and alcoholic samples by multi-walled carbon nanotubes/silica reinforced hollow fibre-solid phase microextraction. |
| PubMed:Urinary concentrations of environmental contaminants and phytoestrogens in adults in Israel. |
| PubMed:Effects of push/pull perfusion and ultrasonication on the extraction efficiencies of phthalate esters in sports drink samples using on-line hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction. |
| PubMed:Preliminary toxicological assessment of phthalate esters from drinking water consumed in Portugal. |
| PubMed:Antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activity of Sargassum wightii. |
| PubMed:Phthalic Acid chemical probes synthesized for protein-protein interaction analysis. |
| PubMed:Are medicinal plants polluted with phthalates? |
| PubMed:Preconcentration procedures for phthalate esters combined with chromatographic analysis. |
| PubMed:A screen for disruptors of the retinol (vitamin A) signaling pathway. |
| PubMed:Determination of phthalates released from paper packaging materials by solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Exposure to phthalic acid, phthalate diesters and phthalate monoesters from foodstuffs: UK total diet study results. |
| PubMed:Dioxin and phthalate uptake and assimilation by the green mussel Perna viridis. |
| PubMed:Unexpected results in a randomized dietary trial to reduce phthalate and bisphenol A exposures. |
| PubMed:Intake of phthalate-tainted foods alters thyroid functions in Taiwanese children. |
| PubMed:Development of rapid determination of 18 phthalate esters in edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Identifying sources of phthalate exposure with human biomonitoring: results of a 48h fasting study with urine collection and personal activity patterns. |
| PubMed:Analysis of 16 phthalic acid esters in food simulants from plastic food contact materials by LC-ESI-MS/MS. |
| PubMed:[Analysis of phthalate esters in plastic-packaging bags on-line sample stacking-microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography]. |
| PubMed:Adsorption of benzoic acid, phthalic acid on gold substrates studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. |
| PubMed:Phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) intake by German infants based on the results of a duplicate diet study and biomonitoring data (INES 2). |
| PubMed:Study on the influence of temperature, storage time and packaging type on di-n-butylphthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate release into packed meals. |
| PubMed:Urinary biomarkers for phthalates associated with asthma in Norwegian children. |
| PubMed:Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain--a case study. |
| PubMed:Determination of residual flubendiamide in the cabbage by QuEChERS-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Determination of phthalic acid diesters in human milk at low ppb levels. |
| PubMed:Preconcentration of metal ions through chelation on a synthesized resin containing O, O donor atoms for quantitative analysis of environmental and biological samples. |
| PubMed:Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additive D&C Orange No. 5 using high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Agave attenuata. |
| PubMed:Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure. |
| PubMed:Development of multiresidue analysis for twenty phthalate esters in edible vegetable oils by microwave-assisted extraction-gel permeation chromatography-solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Dummy molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for selective determination of five phthalate esters in plastic bottled functional beverages. |
| PubMed:Challenges encountered in the analysis of phthalate esters in foodstuffs and other biological matrices. |
| PubMed:[Determination of phthalate plasticizers in foods by high performance liquid chromatography with gel permeation chromatographic clean-up]. |
| PubMed:Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate modulates cholinergic mini-presynaptic transmission of projection neurons in Drosophila antennal lobe. |
| PubMed:The public health threat of phthalate-tainted foodstuffs in Taiwan: the policies the government implemented and the lessons we learned. |
| PubMed:Cumulative risk assessment of phthalate exposure of Danish children and adolescents using the hazard index approach. |
| PubMed:Determination of phthalate esters in cow milk samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography followed by flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. |
| PubMed:Identification and quantification of the migration of chemicals from plastic baby bottles used as substitutes for polycarbonate. |
| PubMed:Binding of phthalate plasticizers to human serum albumin in vitro: a multispectroscopic approach and molecular modeling. |
| PubMed:Environmental surveys, specimen bank and health related environmental monitoring in Germany. |
| PubMed:Polar compounds isolated from the leaves of Albertisia delagoensis (Menispermaceae). |
| PubMed:Chemical composition, cytotoxicity effect and antimicrobial activity of Ceratonia siliqua essential oil with preservative effects against Listeria inoculated in minced beef meat. |
| PubMed:Induction of ROS, p53, p21 in DEHP- and MEHP-exposed LNCaP cells-protection by selenium compounds. |
| PubMed:Phthalates and bisphenols migration in Mexican food cans and plastic food containers. |
| PubMed:Phthalate metabolites in urine from China, and implications for human exposures. |
| PubMed:Phthalates and their metabolites in breast milk--results from the Bavarian Monitoring of Breast Milk (BAMBI). |
| PubMed:[Occurrence and relevance to health of persistent organic substances and phthalates in breast milk]. |
| PubMed:[Recent specification amendments for food contact utensils/packages and baby toys]. |
| PubMed:Variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy. |
| PubMed:Bacterial degradation of fungicide captan. |
| PubMed:Analysis of phthalate migration from plastic containers to packaged cooking oil and mineral water. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, insecticidal activity, and structure-activity relationship of trifluoromethyl-containing phthalic acid diamide structures. |
| PubMed:Determination of six phthalic acid esters in orange juice packaged by PVC bottle using SPE and HPLC-UV: application to the migration study. |
| PubMed:A quartz crystal microbalance sensor based on mussel-inspired molecularly imprinted polymer. |
| PubMed:Fast polymer fingerprinting using flowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Dietary intake is associated with phthalate body burden in a nationally representative sample. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the short term toxicity of phthalate diesters and monoesters in sprague-dawley male rats. |
| PubMed:Headspace solid-phase microextraction of oil matrices heated at high temperature and phthalate esters determination by gas chromatography multistage mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Spectroscopic properties and laser induced fluorescence determination of some endocrine disrupting compounds. |
| PubMed:[Endocrine disruptors in food contact articles and baby toys with their transition]. |
| PubMed:Food safety. |
| PubMed:Effect of Clarias gariepinus cultured in contaminated water on rats. |
| PubMed:Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard. |
| PubMed:Effect of water contaminated with phthalate, benzene and cyclohexane on Clarias gariepinus' cellular system. |
| PubMed:Profiling Turkish honeys to determine authenticity using physical and chemical characteristics. |
| PubMed:Ameliorative effect of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid dinonyl ester against amyloid beta peptide-induced neurotoxicity. |
| PubMed:Tandem mass spectrometry in food safety assessment: the determination of phthalates in olive oil. |
| PubMed:The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments: preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples. |
| PubMed:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters in vegetables from nine farms of the Pearl River Delta, South China. |
| PubMed:Assessing human exposure to phthalic acid and phthalate esters from mineral water stored in polyethylene terephthalate and glass bottles. |
| PubMed:Determination of phthalates and adipate in bottled water by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Phthalates in food and medical devices. |
| PubMed:[Matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalic acid esters in vegetables]. |
| PubMed:The internal exposure of Taiwanese to phthalate--an evidence of intensive use of plastic materials. |
| PubMed:[Application of single drop microextraction in the determination of phthalate esters in food by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Effects of constructed wetland system on the removal of dibutyl phthalate (DBP). |
| PubMed:Internal phthalate exposure over the last two decades--a retrospective human biomonitoring study. |
| PubMed:Headspace solid-phase microextraction of phthalic acid esters from vegetable oil employing solvent based matrix modification. |
| PubMed:Investigation into the migration potential of coating materials from cookware products. |
| PubMed:Integrated Exposure Assessment Survey (INES) exposure to persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals in Bavaria, Germany. |
| PubMed:[The concept of endocrine disruption and human health]. |
| PubMed:What are the sources of exposure to eight frequently used phthalic acid esters in Europeans? |
| PubMed:Determination of 2,4,6-triiodoresorcinol and other side reaction products and intermediates in the colour additive FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) using high-performance liquid chromatography. |
| PubMed:Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Effects of pH on the degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. |
| PubMed:Novel organization of genes in a phthalate degradation operon of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. |
| PubMed:Subcellular distribution of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rat testis. |
| PubMed:New methodology for the determination of phthalate esters, bisphenol A, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and nonylphenol in commercial whole milk samples. |
| PubMed:Mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exhibits genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes and mucosal cells of the upper aerodigestive tract in the comet assay. |
| PubMed:Pediatric exposure and potential toxicity of phthalate plasticizers. |
| PubMed:[Contents of plasticizers in cap-sealing for bottled food and their migration into food]. |
| PubMed:Identification of a toxic mechanism of the plasticizers, phtahlic acid esters, which are putative endocrine disrupters: time-dependent increase in quinolinic acid and its metabolites in rats fed di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. |
| PubMed:Investigation of the adjuvant and immuno-suppressive effects of benzyl butyl phthalate, phthalic acid and benzyl alcohol in a murine injection model. |
| PubMed:A butyrylcholinesterase in the early development of the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae: a target for phthalate ester embryotoxicity? |
| PubMed:[Determination of alkylphenols, bisphenol A, benzophenone and phthalates in containers of baby food, and migration into food simulants]. |
| PubMed:Generation of anticalins with specificity for a nonsymmetric phthalic acid ester. |
| PubMed:Simultaneous determination of phthalate di- and monoesters in poly(vinylchloride) products and human saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Determination of isotopically labelled monoesterphthalates in urine by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:[Levels of phthalates and adipates in processed foods and migration of di-isononyl adipate from polyvinyl chloride film into foods]. |
| PubMed:Phthalate levels in beverages in Japan and Korea. |
| PubMed:Oxidation of carbaryl in aqueous solution by membrane anodic fenton treatment. |
| PubMed:[Migrants from disposable gloves and residual acrylonitrile]. |
| PubMed:Changes in lipids and sterols during composting. |
| PubMed:[Contents of eleven phthalates and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in retail packed lunches after prohibition of DEHP-containing PVC gloves for cooking purposes]. |
| PubMed:Eleven phthalate esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in one-week duplicate diet samples obtained from hospitals and their estimated daily intake. |
| PubMed:Degradation of phenanthrene and anthracene by cell suspensions of Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. |
| PubMed:Ion chromatographic determination of chloride in mustard sauces. |
| PubMed:Metabolism of n-butyl benzyl phthalate in the female Wistar rat. Identification of new metabolites. |
| PubMed:Analysis of di-n-butylphthalate biotransformation in cattle by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Developmental toxicity evaluation of phthalic acid, one of the metabolites of phthalic acid esters, in rats. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of pink color development in cooked, uncured ground turkey through the binding of non-pink generating ligands to muscle pigments. |
| PubMed:Fumonisin levels in Uruguayan corn products. |
| PubMed:The safety of baby milks. |
| PubMed:Developmental toxicity of mono-n-benzyl phthalate, one of the major metabolites of the plasticizer n-butyl benzyl phthalate, in rats. |
| PubMed:Xenobiotics in food. I. Metabolic phthalate degradation. |
| PubMed:The facts about the phthalates scare. |
| PubMed:NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Dibutyl Phthalate (CAS No. 84-74-2) Administered in Feed to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. |
| PubMed:Levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and total phthalate esters in milk, cream, butter and cheese. |
| PubMed:The fate of environmental contaminants in the food chain. |
| PubMed:Developmental toxicity evaluation of diethyl and dimethyl phthalate in rats. |
| PubMed:Identification of metabolites from the degradation of fluoranthene by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. |
| PubMed:Teratogenicity of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in mice. |
| PubMed:Phthalic acid esters in various foodstuffs and biological materials. |
| PubMed:Diffusion of phthalic acid esters from PVC milk tubing. |
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Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(COOH)2. Phthalic acid is used mainly in the form of the anhydride to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many other useful products. Phthalic acid, when found in tissues or biofluids arises from exposure to these phthalate products. Phthalate is an environmental chemical of heightened public concern because reports of its potential risk to male reproductive health (PMID 16804814), being significantly associated with reduced sperm concentration to pesticide concentration in men's urine (PMID 16804812). Within the reproductive tract, the male is exquisitely vulnerable to the effects of anti-androgens during development due the reliance on the synthesis and action of androgens for the masculinization of the male reproductive tract. The ability of phthalates to suppress androgen synthesis during development and to induce testicular dysgenesis together with cryptorchidism and hypospadias has raised considerable concern. (PMID 15016950) [HMDB]
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3D/inchi