EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

metronidazole
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol
CAS Number: 443-48-1Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:207-136-1
FDA UNII: 140QMO216E
Nikkaji Web:J2.046J
Beilstein Number:0611683
MDL:MFCD00009750
Molecular Weight:171.15633000
Formula:C6 H9 N3 O3
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white to pale yellow crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 160.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 405.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:3.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 390.00 °F. TCC ( 199.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.020
Soluble in:
 water, 9500 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
 water, 2.573e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Metronidazole 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Metronidazole >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Metronidazole, a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent of the nitroimidazole class, is used against protozoa.
Glentham Life Sciences
Metronidazole
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Metronidazole ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Metronidazole BioXtra
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-human TDLo 39600 mg/kg/4W
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SENSORY CHANGE INVOLVING PERIPHERAL NERVE SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHANGE IN FUNCTION: TASTE BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 83, 1999.

oral-man TDLo 3570 ug/kg/D
LIVER: OTHER CHANGES LIVER: "JAUNDICE, OTHER OR UNCLASSIFIED"
JAMA, Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol. 193, Pg. 1128, 1965.

oral-man TDLo 1030 mg/kg/8W
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN NERVE OR SHEATH PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: PARESTHESIS
British Medical Journal. Vol. 2, Pg. 610, 1977.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 870 mg/kg
Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. Vol. 42, Pg. 471, 1990.

oral-mouse LD50 3800 mg/kg
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 20, Pg. 1522, 1977.

oral-rat LD50 3000 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 1089, 1974.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 3640 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. Vol. 8, Pg. 1089, 1974.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for metronidazole usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for metronidazole flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Report for 2014 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :4173
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol
Chemidplus:0000443481
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:NI5600000 for cas# 443-48-1
 
References:
 2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):4173
Pubchem (sid):134974986
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C07203
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
Export Tariff Code:2933.29.5000
MedlinePlusSupp:View
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•metronidazole, usp (flagyl), is avail as 250-mg tablets. uncoated vaginal inserts, each containing 500 mg, are also available. •capsule 375 mg; gel, topical 0.75% [7.5 mgml] (30 g); gel, vaginal 0.75% (5 g applicator delivering 37.5 mg in 70 g tube); injection, ready to use 5 mgml (100 ml); powder for injection, as hydrochloride 500 mg; tablet 250mg, 500 mg •capsules 375 mg, tablets 250 mg, 500 mg flagyl 375, pfizer; tablets, extended-release, film-coated 750 mg flagyl er, pfizer; tablets, film-coated 250 mg, 500 mg flagyl, pfizer; parenteral injection, for iv infusion only 5 mgml flagyl i.v. rtu (viaflex [baxter]), scs pharmaceuticals.
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 anagiardil
 benzoylmetronildazole
 bexon
 danizol
 deflamon
 efloran
 entizol
1-(b-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole
 flagesol
 fossyol
 giatricol
 giniflavir
1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
1-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
1-(b-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole
1H-imidazole-1-ethanol, 2-methyl-5-nitro-
 medazol
 meronidal
 methronidazole
2-methyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-nitroimidazole
2-methyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitroimidazole
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-ol
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol
2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazole-1-ethanol
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)-ethanol
2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol
2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethanol
2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol
2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazolyl)ethan-1-ol
 metrocream
 metrogyl
 metrolag
 metrolotion
 metromidol
 metronidaz
 metronidazol
apo-metronidazole
 metropol
 metrozine
 monagyl
 monasin
 nidagel
 novonidazol
 protostat
 sanatrichom
 takimetol
 trichocide
 trichomol
 trichopol
 trikacide
 trikozol
 trivazol
 vagilen
 vertisal
 wagitran
 zadstat
 

Articles:

PubMed:Detection of metronidazole and ronidazole from environmental Samples by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
PubMed:Prospective multicentre study on antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Germany.
PubMed:Metronidazole Vaginal Gel 1.3% in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Dose-Ranging Study.
PubMed:Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in Côte d'Ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:Combined Administration of Antibiotics and Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Renewed Indication for Laboratory Monitoring?
PubMed:Longitudinal surveillance of outpatient tetracycline, sulfonamide-trimethoprim and 'other' antimicrobial use in Canada, 1995 to 2010.
PubMed:Molecular Subtyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Campylobacter coli Isolates from Diarrheal Patients and Food-Producing Animals in China.
PubMed:Determination of nitroimidazole residues in aquaculture tissue using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics of Metronidazole, Tetracycline and Bismuth in Healthy Volunteers after Oral Administration of Compound Tablets Containing a Combination of Metronidazole, Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Bismuth Oxide.
PubMed:The mutation of the rdxA gene in metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.
PubMed:Therapeutic approaches for Clostridium difficile infections.
PubMed:Consensus recommendations from the American Acne & Rosacea Society on the management of rosacea, part 3: a status report on systemic therapies.
PubMed:Use of topical metronidazole in the treatment of anorectal Crohn's disease.
PubMed:Determination of metronidazole residues in water, sediment and fish tissue samples.
PubMed:Management of hepatic encephalopathy in the hospital.
PubMed:Development of an alternative culture medium for the selective enumeration of Lactobacillus casei in fermented milk.
PubMed:A comparative study of M.I.C evaluator test with the broth microdilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from cooked food.
PubMed:Diarylacylhydrazones: Clostridium-selective antibacterials with activity against stationary-phase cells.
PubMed:Weissella confusa septicemia in a foal.
PubMed:Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility among Clostridium difficile isolated from an integrated human and swine population in Texas.
PubMed:Effects of probiotics on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis: a review.
PubMed:Amoebic dysentery.
PubMed:New developments in chemotherapeutic options for Clostridium difficile colitis.
PubMed:Fungi of the murine gut: episodic variation and proliferation during antibiotic treatment.
PubMed:Blastocystis: Consensus of treatment and controversies.
PubMed:[Acute pancreatitis -  new developments in treatment].
PubMed:Contingency nature of Helicobacter bizzozeronii oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H-nitroreductase (HBZC1_00960) and its role in metronidazole resistance.
PubMed:Enhancement of the antifungal activity of antimicrobial drugs by Eugenia uniflora L.
PubMed:Unraveling how Giardia infections cause disease.
PubMed:Determination and confirmation of metronidazole, dimetridazole, ronidazole and their metabolites in bovine muscle by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Dysenteric syndrome due to Balantidium coli: a case report.
PubMed:[Antibiotic-associated diarrhea in clinical practice].
PubMed:Sarcina ventriculi of the stomach: a case report.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile in faeces from healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea.
PubMed:Isolation of a toxigenic and clinical genotype of clostridium difficile in retail meats in Costa Rica.
PubMed:Influence of different probiotic lactic Acid bacteria on microbiota and metabolism of rats with dysbiosis.
PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of 6 antibiotics and metronidazole in acne removal products bt high performance liquid chromatography].
PubMed:Clostridium Difficile Colitis: Review of the Therapeutic Approach.
PubMed:Real-time analysis of gut flora in Entamoeba histolytica infected patients of Northern India.
PubMed:Growth-inhibiting, bactericidal, and urease inhibitory effects of Paeonia lactiflora root constituents and related compounds on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Validation of a new screening, determinative, and confirmatory multi-residue method for nitroimidazoles and their hydroxy metabolites in turkey muscle tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Rapid determination of nitroimidazole residues in honey by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:A year in review: new drugs for older adults in 2011.
PubMed:A high-throughput drug screen for Entamoeba histolytica identifies a new lead and target.
PubMed:Detection of Helicobacter pylori in bovine, buffalo, camel, ovine, and caprine milk in Iran.
PubMed:Development of a rapid method for the determination and confirmation of nitroimidazoles in six matrices by fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:High-resolution melting analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphism hot-spot region in the rpoB gene as an indicator of reduced susceptibility to rifaximin in Clostridium difficile.
PubMed:Management of NSAID/aspirin-induced small intestinal damage by GI-sparing NSAIDs, anti-ulcer drugs and food constituents.
PubMed:Fidaxomicin: the newest addition to the armamentarium against Clostridium difficile infections.
PubMed:[Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates of different origins from Costa Rica].
PubMed:[A case of liver abscess and bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1].
PubMed:Clostridium difficile infection: clinical spectrum and approach to management.
PubMed:Case report: premature exfoliation of primary teeth in a 4-year-old child, a diagnostic dilemma.
PubMed:Anti-Candida activity of Mentha arvensis and Turnera ulmifolia.
PubMed:The difficulties of polytherapy: examples from antimicrobial chemotherapy.
PubMed:Prevalence, enumeration, and antimicrobial agent resistance of Clostridium difficile in cattle at harvest in the United States.
PubMed:A study on Blastocystis hominis in food-handlers: diagnosis and potential pathogenicity.
PubMed:Cytotoxic, trypanocidal, and antifungal activities of Eugenia jambolana L.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance pattern among the Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat in India.
PubMed:Laboratory testing for Clostridium difficile infection: light at the end of the tunnel.
PubMed:Novel trichomonacidal spermicides.
PubMed:Survey of 11 nitroimidazole residues in hen and duck eggs from the Irish market.
PubMed:Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for nitroimidazoles in food products.
PubMed:Degradation kinetics of metronidazole and olsalazine by bacteria in ascending colon and in feces of healthy adults.
PubMed:Amoebic dysentery.
PubMed:Crude ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola seeds Heckel (Guttiferae) prolong the lag phase of Helicobacter pylori: inhibitory and bactericidal potential.
PubMed:'Game changer' antibiotic and others in works for superbug.
PubMed:Effect of garlic and allium-derived products on the growth and metabolism of Spironucleus vortens.
PubMed:Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of metronidazole in fed and fasted horses.
PubMed:Therapeutic efficacies of Coriandrum sativum aqueous extract against metronidazole-induced genotoxicity in Channa punctatus peripheral erythrocytes.
PubMed:Bacteriophage treatment significantly reduces viable Clostridium difficile and prevents toxin production in an in vitro model system.
PubMed:Preparation and characterization of a molecularly imprinted monolithic column for pressure-assisted CEC separation of nitroimidazole drugs.
PubMed:Effect of broad- and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials on Clostridium difficile and microbial diversity in a model of the distal colon.
PubMed:Rapid multi-class multi-residue method for the confirmation of chloramphenicol and eleven nitroimidazoles in milk and honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
PubMed:A molecularly imprinted monolith for the fast chiral separation of antiparasitic drugs by pressurized CEC.
PubMed:Unusual presentations of Giardia lamblia; a report of four cases.
PubMed:Multiresidue method for the determination of nitroimidazoles and their hydroxy-metabolites in poultry muscle, plasma and egg by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Giardiasis in the post genomic era: treatment, drug resistance and novel therapeutic perspectives.
PubMed:Characterization of multiple Helicobacter bizzozeronii isolates from a Finnish patient with severe dyspeptic symptoms and chronic active gastritis.
PubMed:Antimicrobials and the risk of torsades de pointes: the contribution from data mining of the US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
PubMed:Antibacterial and antifungal properties of acetonic extract of Feijoa sellowiana fruits and its effect on Helicobacter pylori growth.
PubMed:A review of the diagnosis and treatment of rosacea.
PubMed:Influence of lignans depletion on murine mammary gland morphology.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile in raw products of animal origin.
PubMed:Nitroreductase-mediated gonadal dysgenesis for infertility control of genetically modified zebrafish.
PubMed:Environmental and human health risk assessment of organic micro-pollutants occurring in a Spanish marine fish farm.
PubMed:Rosacea: a review of current topical, systemic and light-based therapies.
PubMed:In Vitro Activity of 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and Stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β-ol from Impatiens balsamina L. against Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:In vitro activity of Impatiens balsamina L. against multiple antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Simultaneous screening and confirmation of multiple classes of drug residues in fish by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Anti-inflamatory dose doxycycline in the treatment of rosacea.
PubMed:[Tinidazole: a classical anaerobical drug with multiple potential uses nowadays].
PubMed:Isolation of bacteria from the ileal mucosa of TNFdeltaARE mice and description of Enterorhabdus mucosicola gen. nov., sp. nov.
PubMed:Validated method for determination of eight banned nitroimidazole residues in natural casings by LC/MS/MS with solid-phase extraction.
PubMed:[Autochthonous amebic liver abscess in Spain: an emerging disease? Case report and description of a PCR-based diagnostic test].
PubMed:Clostridium difficile in ready-to-eat salads, Scotland.
PubMed:Improved screening method for the detection of a range of nitroimidazoles in various matrices by optical biosensor.
PubMed:Nitazoxanide versus vancomycin in Clostridium difficile infection: a randomized, double-blind study.
PubMed:Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of 5-nitroimidazole drugs and their corresponding hydroxy metabolites in lyophilised pork meat.
PubMed:Nitroreductive metabolic activation of some carcinogenic nitro heterocyclic food contaminants in rat mammary tissue cellular fractions.
PubMed:Cutting edge: the vaginal microflora and bacterial vaginosis.
PubMed:Inhibitory effects of Thai plants beta-glycosides on Trichomonas vaginalis.
PubMed:Use of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of four 5-nitroimidazoles and three of their metabolites from egg-based samples before tandem LC-ESIMS/MS analysis.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile in broiler chickens sold at market places in Zimbabwe and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:Collateral effects of antibiotics: carbadox and metronidazole induce VSH-1 and facilitate gene transfer among Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains.
PubMed:Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.
PubMed:[Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis: a rare illness in adults].
PubMed:Subtractive screening for probiotic properties of lactobacillus species from the human gastrointestinal tract in the search for new probiotics.
PubMed:The development of a multi-nitroimidazole residue analysis assay by optical biosensor via a proof of concept project to develop and assess a prototype test kit.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile: recent epidemiologic findings and advances in therapy.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of nitroimidazole residues in honey samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
PubMed:Cumulative irritation potential among metronidazole gel 1%, metronidazole gel 0.75%, and azelaic acid gel 15%.
PubMed:Validation of a method for the detection and confirmation of nitroimidazoles and the corresponding hydroxy metabolites in pig plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Blastocystis hominis and travelers.
PubMed:A sub-acute study of metronidazole toxicity assessed in Egyptian Tilapia zillii.
PubMed:[An outbreak of giardiasis in a child day-care centre in Trondheim].
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from dairy and pharmaceutical products.
PubMed:Amoebic dysentery.
PubMed:Guidelines in the medical treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.
PubMed:[Determination of three nitroimidazole residues in royal jelly by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:New constituents of sweet Capsicum annuum L. fruits and evaluation of their biological activity.
PubMed:A novel aqueous metronidazole 1% gel with hydrosolubilizing agents (HSA-3).
PubMed:A look at the safety of metronidazole 1% gel: cumulative irritation, contact sensitization, phototoxicity, and photoallergy potential.
PubMed:Metronidazole resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from poultry meat.
PubMed:Proximal small bowel infarction associated with portal venous gas.
PubMed:Analysis of four 5-nitroimidazoles and their corresponding hydroxylated metabolites in egg, processed egg, and chicken meat by isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Tinidazole: a nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent.
PubMed:Effect of diet and tylosin on chronic diarrhea in beagles.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance among Clostridium perfringens isolated from various sources in Thailand.
PubMed:Psychrobacter bacteraemia in a cirrhotic patient after the consumption of raw geoduck clam.
PubMed:Comparative efficacy of two regimens in syndromic management of lower genital infections.
PubMed:Effects of food and formulation on the relative bioavailability of bismuth biskalcitrate, metronidazole, and tetracycline given for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
PubMed:Neurological picture. Feeding cats might be dangerous: penetrating orbital and brain injury without neurological deficits.
PubMed:Topical metronidazole combination therapy in the clinical management of rosacea.
PubMed:The effects of saturated fatty acids on Giardia duodenalis trophozoites in vitro.
PubMed:Therapy for common parasitic diseases in pregnancy in the United States: a review and a survey of obstetrician/gynecologists' level of knowledge about these diseases.
PubMed:Analysis of vaginal acetic acid in patients undergoing treatment for bacterial vaginosis.
PubMed:In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of lactobacilli isolated from commercial products containing active lactobacilli.
PubMed:Spread fortified with vitamins and minerals induces catch-up growth and eradicates severe anemia in stunted refugee children aged 3-6 y.
PubMed:Chronic urticaria and blastocystis hominis infection: a case report.
PubMed:Giardiasis in a 16-day-old neonate.
PubMed:Cryptobia iubilans infection in juvenile discus.
PubMed:Cheilitis granulomatosa of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome: treatment with intralesional corticosteroid injections.
PubMed:The in vitro effect of Assafoetida on Trichomonas vaginalis.
PubMed:[New case of human infection by a Pseudoterranova decipiens larva (Nematode, Anisakidae) in Peru].
PubMed:Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection.
PubMed:Effects of the antibacterial agents tiamulin, olanquindox and metronidazole and the anthelmintic ivermectin on the soil invertebrate species Folsomia fimetaria (Collembola) and Enchytraeus crypticus (Enchytraeidae).
PubMed:Retrospective analysis of typhoid fever in a tropical tertiary health facility.
PubMed:[Resistance problems in gastrointestinal infections].
PubMed:Microvillus inclusion disease as a cause of severe protracted diarrhea in infants.
PubMed:Antimicrobial-induced mania (antibiomania): a review of spontaneous reports.
PubMed:Gradient diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.
PubMed:Prebiotic treatment of experimental colitis with germinated barley foodstuff: a comparison with probiotic or antibiotic treatment.
PubMed:Label and extra label drug use in small ruminants.
PubMed:Determination of three nitroimidazole residues in poultry meat by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
PubMed:Studies on the use of Yucca schidigera to control giardiosis.
PubMed:Investigation on subclinical aspects related to intestinal parasitic infections among Thai laborers in Taipei.
PubMed:Three independent yearly analyses of the spectrum and potency of metronidazole: a multicenter study of 1,108 contemporary anaerobic clinical isolates.
PubMed:Use of an orally administered combined sugar solution to evaluate intestinal absorption and permeability in cats.
PubMed:Liposomes containing drug and cyclodextrin prepared by the one-step spray-drying method.
PubMed:Bacterial Infections of the Colon.
PubMed:Lymphocytic and Collagenous Colitis.
PubMed:Effect of conjugated bile salts on antibiotic susceptibility of bile salt-tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates.
PubMed:Drug interactions with cisapride: clinical implications.
PubMed:Determination of metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in trout by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method.
PubMed:Case problem: medical nutrition therapy for a patient with Crohn's disease.
PubMed:[Preliminary results of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the Netherlands].
PubMed:Management of complicated intra-abdominal infections.
PubMed:Site specific delivery of antimicrobial agents for periodontal disease.
PubMed:The outcome of a 2-week treatment of Helicobacter pylori-positive duodenal ulcer with omeprazole-based antibiotic regimen in a region with high metronidazole resistance rate.
PubMed:Giardia lamblia in AIDS patients with diarrhea.
PubMed:Effectiveness of ranitidine bismuth citrate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Helicobacter bilis/Helicobacter rodentium co-infection associated with diarrhea in a colony of scid mice.
PubMed:Changes in bacterial enzymes and PCR profiles of fecal bacteria from a patient with ulcerative colitis before and after antimicrobial treatments.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus species.
PubMed:Dietary polyamines are essential luminal growth factors for small intestinal and colonic mucosal growth and development.
PubMed:Chronic urticaria and Helicobacter pylori.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance in oral/respiratory bacteria.
PubMed:Use of metronidazole in horses.
PubMed:Use of metronidazole in horses.
PubMed:Transmission of canine gastric Helicobacter salomonis infection from dam to offspring and between puppies.
PubMed:Adverse events associated with albendazole and other products used for treatment of giardiasis in dogs.
PubMed:The role of local drug delivery in the management of periodontal diseases: a comprehensive review.
PubMed:Dientamoeba fragilis masquerading as allergic colitis.
PubMed:Current FDA-approved treatments for Helicobacter pylori and the FDA approval process.
PubMed:First report of invasive amebiasis in an organ transplant recipient.
PubMed:Guidelines for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori in the pediatric population.
PubMed:[Current medical therapies for Crohn's disease in Japan].
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics and anti-trichomonal efficacy of a dimetridazole tablet and water-soluble powder in homing pigeons (Columba livia).
PubMed:Culture and characteristics of Helicobacter bizzozeronii, a new canine gastric Helicobacter sp.
PubMed:Treatment of diarrhoea in infants by medical doctors in Balochistan, Pakistan.
PubMed:Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in progressive systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review.
PubMed:Modified methods for the enumeration of spores of mesophilic Clostridium species in dried foods.
PubMed:[The involvement of polyamines in the malignant proliferative process. The anticancer effect of polyamine deprivation].
PubMed:Topical metronidazole for arterial insufficiency ulcers.
PubMed:Does Helicobacter pylori infection play a role in the pathogenesis of non-ulcer dyspepsia--a study of gastric emptying time.
PubMed:Clinical outcome of long-term management of patients with vitamin B12-unresponsive methylmalonic acidemia.
PubMed:Murine yeast gut flora affected by tetracycline, metronidazole and norfloxacin.
PubMed:Interactions of warfarin with drugs and food.
PubMed:Non-ulcer dyspepsia and gastritis--clinical aspects.
PubMed:Giardiasis. Issues in diagnosis and management.
PubMed:Helicobacter pylori infection and exaggerated gastrin release. Effects of inflammation and progastrin processing.
PubMed:The Kingston Project. III. The effects of high energy supplement and metronidazole on malnourished children rehabilitated in the community: morbidity and growth.
PubMed:The Kingston Project. II. The effects of high energy supplement and metronidazole on malnourished children rehabilitated in the community: anthropometry.
PubMed:Influence of intact and myrosinase-treated indolyl glucosinolates on the metabolism in vivo of metronidazole and antipyrine in the rat.
PubMed:[Management of malnourished children. Cases from the Protestant Hospital of Dabou].
PubMed:Giardia antigen detection in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disturbances.
PubMed:Effect of fiber supplementation of liquid diet on cecal bacteria and bacterial translocation in mice.
PubMed:[Entamoeba histolytica: a standing threat].
PubMed:Vancomycin, metronidazole, and tetracyclines.
PubMed:Outbreak of Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia infections in travellers returning from the tropics.
PubMed:Antiparasitic agents.
PubMed:Persistent diarrhea and malnutrition--the impact of treatment on small bowel structure and permeability.
PubMed:[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in Lamblia infections].
PubMed:Interactions of fluoroquinolones with other drugs: mechanisms, variability, clinical significance, and management.
PubMed:Development of an orphan drug by a start-up company. MetroGel for rosacea.
PubMed:Polymyxin B reduces cecal flora, TNF production and hepatic steatosis during total parenteral nutrition in the rat.
PubMed:Helicobacter pylori: aggressor or innocent bystander?
PubMed:Selective enumeration of spores of Clostridium species in dried foods.
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PubMed:Bioavailability of four pharmaceutical formulations of metronidazole tested on normal healthy volunteers.
PubMed:Parasitological evaluation of a foodhandler population cohort in Panama: risk factors for intestinal parasitism.
PubMed:Ablation of exaggerated meal-stimulated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients after clearance of Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection.
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PubMed:Digestion of the polysaccharides of some cereal foods in the human small intestine.
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Notes:
a nitroimidazole used to treat amebiasis; vaginitis; trichomonas infections; giardiasis; anaerobic bacteria; and treponemal infections. it has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. according to the fourth annual report on carcinogens (ntp 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (merck, 11th ed).
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