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gramine
1H-indole-3-methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-

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Name:1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
CAS Number: 87-52-5Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:201-749-8
FDA UNII: FGQ8A78L14
Nikkaji Web:J10.618F
Beilstein Number:140521
MDL:MFCD00005629
XlogP3:1.80 (est)
Molecular Weight:174.24658000
Formula:C11 H14 N2
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:natural substances and extractives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
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Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 138.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 293.89 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:0.002000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 269.00 °F. TCC ( 131.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 2.177 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 3.44e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Alfa Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole 98%
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Gramine >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Gramine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid, is a 5-HT2A antagonist.
BST Tianjin Co.
3-(Dimethylaminomethyl)indole
ExtraSynthese
For experimental / research use only.
Gramine (HPLC) ≥90%
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Gramine ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Gramine 99%
TCI AMERICA
For experimental / research use only.
Gramine >98.0%(T)
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 122 mg/kg
Psychopharmacologia Vol. 16, Pg. 385, 1970.

intravenous-mouse LD50 46 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 105, Pg. 130, 1952.

intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 250 mg/kg
National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Chemical-Biological Coordination Center, Review. Vol. 5, Pg. 11, 1953.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
natural substances and extractives
Recommendation for gramine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for gramine flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):87-52-5
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6890
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
Chemidplus:0000087525
RTECS:NL7525000 for cas# 87-52-5
 
References:
 1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):6890
Pubchem (sid):134971703
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C08304
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB35762
FooDB:FDB014498
Export Tariff Code:2933.99.8210
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 barley leaf
Search Trop Picture
 barley protoplast
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 barley root
Search Trop Picture
 barley shoot
Search Trop Picture
 barley shoot
Search Trop Picture
 barley sprout
Search Trop Picture
 cabbage
Search Trop Picture
 lupinus spp.
Search Trop Picture
 wheat leaf
Search Trop Picture
 
Synonyms:
N,N-dimethyl-1H-indole-3-methanamine
3-((dimethylamino)methyl)indole
3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]indole
3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole
 donaxin
 donaxine
(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
1-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylmethanamine
(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-dimethyl-amine
N-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine
(indol-3-ylmethyl)dimethylamine
(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)dimethylamine
1H-indole-3-methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-
 indole, 3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-
 

Articles:

PubMed:Xenobiotic metabolism of plant secondary compounds in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).
PubMed:Discovery of gramine derivatives that inhibit the early stage of EV71 replication in vitro.
PubMed:Natural xenobiotics to prevent cyanobacterial and algal growth in freshwater: contrasting efficacy of tannic acid, gallic acid, and gramine.
PubMed:Scandium triflate-catalyzed nucleophilic additions to indolylmethyl Meldrum's acid derivatives via a gramine-type fragmentation: synthesis of substituted indolemethanes.
PubMed:An ABC pleiotropic drug resistance transporter of Fusarium graminearum with a role in crown and root diseases of wheat.
PubMed:Glutathione S-transferase of brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens) is essential for their adaptation to gramine-containing host plants.
PubMed:Identification of adiponectin receptor agonist utilizing a fluorescence polarization based high throughput assay.
PubMed:[Synthesis of indole compounds using multifunctional synthons].
PubMed:Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview.
PubMed:Heterocycle-functional gramine analogues: solvent- and catalyst-free synthesis and their inhibition activities against cell proliferation.
PubMed:Influence of saponins and tannins on intake and nutrient digestion of alkaloid-containing foods.
PubMed:rac-4-{(E)-[1-Cyano-1-cyclo-hexyl-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]imino-meth-yl}benzonitrile.
PubMed:[(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)meth-yl]dimethyl-aza-nium nitrate.
PubMed:The gramine route to pyrido[4,3-b]indol-3-ones - identification of a new cytotoxic lead.
PubMed:A GFP-based assay to quantify the impact of effectors on the ex planta development of the slowly growing barley pathogen Rhynchosporium commune.
PubMed:Found in translation: high-throughput chemical screening in Arabidopsis thaliana identifies small molecules that reduce Fusarium head blight disease in wheat.
PubMed:Differential regulation of 3-aminomethylindole/N-methyl-3-aminomethylindole N-methyltransferase and gramine in barley by both biotic and abiotic stress conditions.
PubMed:Improved synthesis of 3-(dialkylaminomethyl)-indole in acetic acid aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation.
PubMed:Detoxification of gramine by the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae.
PubMed:Gramine-induced growth inhibition, oxidative damage and antioxidant responses in freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa.
PubMed:Coupling of activated esters to gramines in the presence of ethyl propiolate under mild conditions.
PubMed:Synthesis of N-protected staurosporinones.
PubMed:Benzylic substitution of gramines with boronic acids and rhodium or iridium catalysts.
PubMed:Naphthoindole-based analogues of tryptophan and tryptamine: synthesis and cytotoxic properties.
PubMed:Efficient and sensitive method for quantitative analysis of alkaloids in hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica L.).
PubMed:N-Methyltransferase involved in gramine biosynthesis in barley: cloning and characterization.
PubMed:Do naïve ruminants degrade alkaloids in the rumen?
PubMed:Evolution of the indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Hordeum: distribution of gramine and DIBOA and isolation of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes from Hordeum lechleri.
PubMed:Gramine: a vasorelaxing alkaloid acting on 5-HT(2A) receptors.
PubMed:Further characterization of pigment-producing Malassezia strains.
PubMed:Asymmetric, stereocontrolled total synthesis of paraherquamide A.
PubMed:N1-benzenesulfonylgramine and N1-benzenesulfonylskatole: novel 5-HT6 receptor ligand templates.
PubMed:Titres of biogenic amines and ecdysteroids: effect of octopamine on the production of ecdysteroids in the silkworm Bombyx mori.
PubMed:Convenient synthesis of 5,6,11,12,17,18- hexahydrocyclononal[1,2-b:4,5-b':7,8-b'']triindole, a novel phytoestrogen.
PubMed:Serotonin regulates repolarization of the C. elegans pharyngeal muscle.
PubMed:Diastereoselective reactions in glycine templates containing an ent-ardeemin fragment.
PubMed:Response of animals to dietary gramine. II. Effects of feeding high-gramine yellow lupin seeds on reproductive performance of rats and on selected hematological and biochemical parameters in offspring.
PubMed:Response of animals to dietary gramine. I. Performance and selected hematological, biochemical and histological parameters in growing chicken, rats and pigs.
PubMed:Rapid route to 3,4-substituted indoles via a directed ortho metalation-retro-Mannich sequence.
PubMed:Novel marine-derived halogen-containing gramine analogues induce vasorelaxation in isolated rat aorta.
PubMed:Gramine increase associated with rapid and transient systemic resistance in barley seedlings induced by mechanical and biological stresses.
PubMed:Differential inhibition of [3H]-oxotremorine-M and [3H]-quinuclinidyl benzilate binding to muscarinic receptors in rat brain membranes with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
PubMed:Alkaloid-fullerene systems through photocycloaddition reactions.
PubMed:Effect of octopamine on the activity of juvenile-hormone esterase in the silkworm Bombyx mori and the red flour beetle Tribolium freemani.
PubMed:Structure-activity relationship of gramine derivatives in Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.
PubMed:Transmembrane domain I contributes to the permeation pathway for serotonin and ions in the serotonin transporter.
PubMed:Xylocain (lidocaine, lignocaine), its discovery and Gordh's contribution to its clinical use.
PubMed:A simple and sensitive quantitation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine by gas chromatography with surface ionization detection.
PubMed:Indole alkaloids from Antirhea lucida.
PubMed:Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: serotonin mediates both neuromodulation and neurotransmission by the dorsal swim interneurons.
PubMed:NMR-titrations with complexes between ds-DNA and indole derivatives including tryptophane containing peptides.
PubMed:Solid-surface room-temperature phosphorescence detection of serotonin, tryptamine, and gramine enhanced by inorganic salts and sodium dodecyl sulfate.
PubMed:Gramine and free amino acids as indicators of fluoride-induced stress in barley and its consequences to insect herbivory.
PubMed:Multiple receptors mediate the modulatory effects of serotonergic neurons in a small neural network.
PubMed:Possible NMDA antagonist properties of drugs that affect high pressure neurological syndrome.
PubMed:Characterization of tyramine and octopamine receptors in the insect (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) brain.
PubMed:Effect of hormones and hormone-induced imprinting on the serotonin level in Tetrahymena: immunocytochemical studies.
PubMed:Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. III. A method for identification and quantification of hordenine and gramine in barley by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Biologically active secondary metabolites of barley. II. Phytotoxicity of barley allelochemicals.
PubMed:Effects of the Alkaloid Gramine on the Light-Harvesting, Energy Transfer, and Growth of Anabaena sp. (PCC 7119).
PubMed:Relationship between deterrence and toxicity of plant secondary compounds for the grasshopperSchistocerca americana.
PubMed:Regulation by 1,4-diamines of the ornithine decarboxylase activity induced by ornithine in perifused tumor cells.
PubMed:Characterization and pharmacological studies of an octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from nerve cord of Locusta migratoria.
PubMed:Honeydew analysis for detecting phloem transport of plant natural products : Implications for host-plant resistance to sap-sucking insects.
PubMed:Effects of starvation and neuroactive drugs on feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans.
PubMed:Ovine white-liver disease (OWLD). Botanical and chemical composition of pasture grass.
PubMed:Role of dopamine and indolamine derivatives in the regulation of the sea urchin adenylate cyclase.
PubMed:Experimental evidence that tryptamine alkaloids do not cause Phalaris aquatica sudden death syndrome in sheep.
PubMed:Identification of minor nitrosation products of the alkaloid gramine by mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Evidence for serotonin synthesis, uptake, and release in dissociated rat sympathetic neurons in culture.
PubMed:Synthesis of N1-nitroso-3-nitromethylindole: a nonvolatile N-nitroso compound isolated from the nitrosation of the alkaloid gramine.
PubMed:Induction of a Specific N-Methyltransferase Enzyme by Long-Term Heat Stress during Barley Leaf Growth.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of products from the nitrosation of the alkaloid gramine.
PubMed:Molecular mechanism of action of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-methyl-, 7-methyl-, and 4,7-dimethyl-5,6-dihydroxytryptamines.
PubMed:Effects of gramine on energy metabolism of rat and bovine mitochondria.
PubMed:Rapid formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine from gramine, a naturally occurring precursor in barley malt.
PubMed:Pharmacology of aminergic receptors mediating an elevation in cyclic AMP and release of hormone from locust neurosecretory cells.
PubMed:On the role of serotonin and 5-methoxy-tryptamine in the regulation of cell division in sea urchin eggs.
PubMed:Gramine Accumulation in Leaves of Barley Grown under High-Temperature Stress.
PubMed:Attempt to disturb receptor memory in a unicellular (Tetrahymena) model system.
PubMed:Regulation of adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase by 5-hydroxytryptamine and calcium ions in blowfly salivary-gland homogenates.
PubMed:N-nitrosodimethylamine in malt beverages--anticipatory action by the brewing industry.
PubMed:Effect of combined and repeated hormone treatment on the growth of the Tetrahymena.
PubMed:N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in malt.
PubMed:Degradation of Gramine by Cell Suspension Cultures of Barley (Hordeum vulgare).
PubMed:Acyl lipids, pigments, and gramine in developing leaves of barley and its virescens mutant.
PubMed:Some hematological and histopathological effects of the alkaloids gramine and hordenine on meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus).
PubMed:Effect of hormones and related compounds on the multiplication of Tetrahymena.
PubMed:Serotonin and dopamine as neurotransmitters in mytilus: block of serotonin receptors by an organic mercurial.
PubMed:Aphylline, epiaphylline, 10,17-dioxosparteine, gramine, and other unexpected alkaloids from Lupinus hartwegii.
PubMed:The action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on chemoreceptor discharges of the cat's carotid body.
PubMed:The nature of the binding between LSD and a 5-HT receptor: a possible explanation for hallucinogenic activity.
PubMed:The biogenesis of gramine.
PubMed:Metabolic fates of gramine in barley. II. Biotransformation of gramine into indole-3-carbinol and indole-3-carboxylic acid in barley.
PubMed:Metabolic fates of gramine in barley. I. Mechanism of incorporation of gramine into tryptophan in barley shoots.
PubMed:A metabolic pathway of gramine in barley.
PubMed:The subcellular fractions in the biosynthesis of natural compounds. I. Gramine alkaloids.
PubMed:The biotransformation of gramine into tryptophan in barley shoots.
PubMed:BENZO(B)THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES. IV. THE PREPARATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS RELATED TO SEROTONIN AND GRAMINE.
PubMed:A note on the occurrence of gramine in Acer rubrum L.
PubMed:The ontogenesis of gramine in barley seedlings.
PubMed:Gramine derivatives antagonistic to 5-hydroxytryptamine (enteramine).
PubMed:[Synthesis of gramine substituted to give substances with anti-5-hydroxytryptamine activity].
PubMed:The alkylation of aliphatic nitro compounds with gramine; a new synthesis of derivatives of tryptamine.
PubMed:The chemistry of nitroacetic acid and its esters; the alkylation of alkylnitroacetates with gramine.
 
Notes:
Isol. from cabbage and barley shoots
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