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chloroacetaldehyde
2-chloro-1-ethanal

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2-chloroacetaldehyde
CAS Number: 107-20-0Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:203-472-8
FDA UNII: CF069F5D9C
Nikkaji Web:J4.060F
Beilstein Number:1071226
MDL:MFCD00006992
XlogP3-AA:0.30 (est)
Molecular Weight:78.49711000
Formula:C2 H3 Cl O
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
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PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity:1.23600 @ 25.00 °C.
Refractive Index:1.40360 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -16.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 85.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure:70.600000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 128.00 °F. TCC ( 53.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.019 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 1.107e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Penta International
CHLOROACETALDEHYDE 45 - 50% SOLUTION IN WATER
Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Chloroacetaldehyde solution ∼50 wt. % in H2O
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
intraperitoneal-guinea pig LD50 2523 ug/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 7 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

oral-mouse LD50 82 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

intraperitoneal-rabbit LD50 5522 ug/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 7 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

oral-rat LD50 89 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 267 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vol. 61, Pg. 19, 1972.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-guinea pig LCLo 400 ppm/30M
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0536151

inhalation-rat LC50 650 mg/m3/1H
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY OBSTRUCTION VASCULAR: BP ELEVATION NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Vol. 8EHQ-0387-0660

 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for chloroacetaldehyde usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for chloroacetaldehyde flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):107-20-0
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :33
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WGK Germany:3
2-chloroacetaldehyde
Chemidplus:0000107200
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:107-20-0
 
References:
 2-chloroacetaldehyde
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:107-20-0
Pubchem (cid):33
Pubchem (sid):134972260
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C06754
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB13860
Export Tariff Code:2913.00.5000
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 acetaldehyde, 2-chloro-
 acetaldehyde, chloro-
2-chloro-1-ethanal
2-chloroacetaldehyde
2-chloroethanal
 

Articles:

PubMed:Investigation of ifosfamide and chloroacetaldehyde renal toxicity through integration of in vitro liver-kidney microfluidic data and pharmacokinetic-system biology models.
PubMed:Nephron Toxicity Profiling via Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Employing a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Experimental and Computational Pipeline.
PubMed:Occurrence and Comparative Toxicity of Haloacetaldehyde Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water.
PubMed:2-Hydrazinobenzothiazole-based etheno-adduct repair protocol (HERP): a method for quantitative determination of direct repair of etheno-bases.
PubMed:In situ footprinting of E. coli transcription elongation complex with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Preactivated oxazaphosphorines designed for isophosphoramide mustard delivery as bulk form or nanoassemblies: synthesis and proof of concept.
PubMed:Chemical display of pyrimidine bases flipped out by modification-dependent restriction endonucleases of MspJI and PvuRts1I families.
PubMed:The nephrotoxic Ifosfamide-metabolite chloroacetaldehyde interferes with renal extracellular matrix homeostasis.
PubMed:Effects of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by a vinyl chloride metabolite in vitro.
PubMed:Transformation efficiency and formation of transformation products during photochemical degradation of TCE and PCE at micromolar concentrations.
PubMed:[Classical oxazaphosphorines--metabolism and therapeutic properties--new implications].
PubMed:Chloroacetonitrile and n,2-dichloroacetamide formation from the reaction of chloroacetaldehyde and monochloramine in water.
PubMed:Atmospheric chemistry and environmental assessment of inhalational fluroxene.
PubMed:Automated platform for sensor-based monitoring and controlled assays of living cells and tissues.
PubMed:A novel approach of periodate oxidation coupled with HPLC-FLD for the quantitative determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol in water and vegetable oil.
PubMed:Surface-activated chemical ionization-electrospray mass spectrometry in the analysis of urinary thiodiglycolic acid.
PubMed:Concurrent modulation of extracellular levels of noradrenaline and cAMP during stress and by anxiogenic- or anxiolytic-like neuropeptides in the prefrontal cortex of awake rats.
PubMed:Acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde: an examination of the cell and cell-free biomarkers of toxicity.
PubMed:Characterization and application of a newly synthesized 2-deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase.
PubMed:Use of precision-cut renal cortical slices in nephrotoxicity studies.
PubMed:Investigation of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity induced in a liver-kidney co-culture biochip.
PubMed:Determination of cellular aminopropyltransferase activity using precolumn fluorescent etheno-derivatization with high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:A sensitive HPLC-based method to quantify adenine nucleotides in primary astrocyte cell cultures.
PubMed:Novel AlkB dioxygenases--alternative models for in silico and in vivo studies.
PubMed:Sensor-based cell and tissue screening for personalized cancer chemotherapy.
PubMed:Involvement of four different intracellular sites in chloroacetaldehyde- induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of 6-thioguanine in DNA using endogenous guanine as internal standard.
PubMed:Identification of 3,N(4)-etheno-5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine in human DNA: a new modified nucleoside which may perturb genome methylation.
PubMed:Anticancer activity of stabilized palifosfamide in vivo: schedule effects, oral bioavailability, and enhanced activity with docetaxel and doxorubicin.
PubMed:One-pot synthesis of chiral aziridines by a domino reaction by using desulfonylative formation on the N-tosyl imine of chloroacetaldehyde with an asymmetric Mannich reaction as a key step.
PubMed:One-pot synthesis of chiral α-substituted β,γ-epoxy aldehyde derivatives through an asymmetric aldol reaction of chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Effects of chloroacetaldehyde in 2-chloroethanol-induced cardiotoxicity.
PubMed:The role of AlkB protein in repair of 1,N⁶-ethenoadenine in Escherichia coli cells.
PubMed:Furano-1,2-naphthoquinone inhibits EGFR signaling associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 cells.
PubMed:Kinetics and mechanism of the atmospheric reactions of atomic chlorine with 1-penten-3-ol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol: an experimental and theoretical study.
PubMed:Comparison of the novel HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cell line with the standard LLC-PK1 cell line in studying drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Human base excision repair creates a bias toward -1 frameshift mutations.
PubMed:Comparative metabolism of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in the mouse using UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS-based metabolomics.
PubMed:Oxazaphosphorines: new therapeutic strategies for an old class of drugs.
PubMed:Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione induces apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma: involvement of EGF receptor/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
PubMed:Kinetics and mechanism of chlorine-atom-initiated oxidation of allyl alcohol, 3-buten-2-ol, and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol.
PubMed:Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione disrupts Janus kinase-2 and induces apoptosis in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
PubMed:Protective effects of fomepizole on 2-chloroethanol toxicity.
PubMed:Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione inactivates EGFR and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: the role of AlkB protein in repair of 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine and 3,N(4)-alpha-hydroxyethanocytosine.
PubMed:Ifosfamide metabolite chloroacetaldehyde inhibits cell proliferation and glucose metabolism without decreasing cellular ATP content in human breast cancer cells MCF-7.
PubMed:Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione induces apoptosis and S-phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells through JNK and ERK signaling activation.
PubMed:Targets of chloroacetaldehyde-induced nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Environmentally relevant parameters affecting PCB degradation: carbon source- and growth phase-mitigated effects of the expression of the biphenyl pathway and associated genes in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400.
PubMed:Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity in children: a mechanistic base for pharmacological prevention.
PubMed:New ifosfamide analogs designed for lower associated neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity with modified alkylating kinetics leading to enhanced in vitro anticancer activity.
PubMed:Detection and quantification of (R) and (S)-dechloroethylifosfamide metabolites in plasma from children by enantioselective LC/MS/MS.
PubMed:Structure of the 1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine adduct opposite cytosine in duplex DNA: Hoogsteen base pairing at pH 5.2.
PubMed:Chiral NHC-catalyzed oxodiene Diels-Alder reactions with alpha-chloroaldehyde bisulfite salts.
PubMed:AlkB homologue 2-mediated repair of ethenoadenine lesions in mammalian DNA.
PubMed:Engineering a catabolic pathway in plants for the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane.
PubMed:Chemical mapping of cytosines enzymatically flipped out of the DNA helix.
PubMed:Determination of leukocyte DNA 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Mechanisms of the ifosfamide-induced inhibition of endocytosis in the rat proximal kidney tubule.
PubMed:In vivo mesna and amifostine do not prevent chloroacetaldehyde nephrotoxicity in vitro.
PubMed:Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research.
PubMed:AlkB influences the chloroacetaldehyde-induced mutation spectra and toxicity in the pSP189 supF shuttle vector.
PubMed:Influence of short-term use of dexamethasone on the pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide in patients.
PubMed:The effect of N-acetylcysteine on ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: in vitro studies in renal tubular cells.
PubMed:Repression by binding of H-NS within the transcription unit.
PubMed:Role of MGMT in protecting against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in cells and animals.
PubMed:[14C]bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane: comparative absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in rats and mice.
PubMed:Necrotic pathway in human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell death induced by chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Mesna or cysteine prevents chloroacetaldehyde-induced cell death of human proximal tubule cells.
PubMed:Role of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in protecting from alkylating agent-induced toxicity and mutations in mice.
PubMed:Ifosfamide toxicity in cultured proximal renal tubule cells.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde as a sulfhydryl reagent: the role of critical thiol groups in ifosfamide nephropathy.
PubMed:Coping with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) toxicity: Physiological and genome-wide responses of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to PCB-mediated stress.
PubMed:Ifosfamide metabolites CAA, 4-OH-Ifo and Ifo-mustard reduce apical phosphate transport by changing NaPi-IIa in OK cells.
PubMed:Directed evolution of an industrial biocatalyst: 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase.
PubMed:Ifosfamide-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanism and prevention.
PubMed:Selective alteration of the rate-limiting step in cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase through random mutagenesis.
PubMed:Application of biological activated carbon anaerobic reactor for treatment of hazardous chemicals.
PubMed:Matrix isolation and theoretical study of the photochemical reaction of CrCl2O2 with chloroethenes.
PubMed:Ifosfamide: pharmacokinetic properties for central nervous system metastasis prevention.
PubMed:Sequence-specific p53 gene damage by chloroacetaldehyde and its repair kinetics in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Enantioselective metabolism of ifosfamide by the kidney.
PubMed:Insights into the hydrogen-abstraction reactions of diol dehydratase: relevance to the catalytic mechanism and suicide inactivation.
PubMed:Metabolism and transport of oxazaphosphorines and the clinical implications.
PubMed:Site specific synthesis and polymerase bypass of oligonucleotides containing a 6-hydroxy-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-9H-imidazo[1,2-a]purin-9-one base, an intermediate in the formation of 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde- and acrolein-induced death of human proximal tubule cells.
PubMed:Disturbed Ca2+-signaling by chloroacetaldehyde: a possible cause for chronic ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Polymorphisms of DNA repair gene XPD and DNA damage of workers exposed to vinylchloride monomer.
PubMed:AlkB reverses etheno DNA lesions caused by lipid oxidation in vitro and in vivo.
PubMed:Synthesis, characterisation and theoretical calculations of 2,6-diaminopurine etheno derivatives.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde: mode of antitumor action of the ifosfamide metabolite.
PubMed:A tubule cell model for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Dynamic analysis of metabolic effects of chloroacetaldehyde and cytochalasin B on tumor cells using bioelectronic sensor chips.
PubMed:Palladium-catalyzed regioselective arylation of imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazine: synthesis of an alpha 2/3-selective GABA agonist.
PubMed:Differential effects of Mg2+ ions on the individual kinetic steps of human cytosolic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases.
PubMed:Enantioselective metabolism and cytotoxicity of R-ifosfamide and S-ifosfamide by tumor cell-expressed cytochromes P450.
PubMed:Cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the developing kidney: implications for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Mismatch dependent uracil/thymine-DNA glycosylases excise exocyclic hydroxyethano and hydroxypropano cytosine adducts.
PubMed:Contribution of CYP3A5 to hepatic and renal ifosfamide N-dechloroethylation.
PubMed:Exocyclic DNA lesions stimulate DNA cleavage mediated by human topoisomerase II alpha in vitro and in cultured cells.
PubMed:Renal ontogeny of ifosfamide nephrotoxicity.
PubMed:Analysis of drug action on tumor cell metabolism using electronic sensor chips.
PubMed:DNA damage and mutations produced by chloroacetaldehyde in a CpG-methylated target gene.
PubMed:Degradation pathway of 2-chloroethanol in Pseudomonas stutzeri strain JJ under denitrifying conditions.
PubMed:Role of mismatch-specific uracil-DNA glycosylase in repair of 3,N4-ethenocytosine in vivo.
PubMed:Suicide inactivation of dioldehydratase by glycolaldehyde and chloroacetaldehyde: an examination of the reaction mechanism.
PubMed:Release of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide upon stimulation of postganglionic nerve terminals in blood vessels and urinary bladder.
PubMed:Dissociation of the ground state vinoxy radical and its photolytic precursor chloroacetaldehyde: electronic nonadiabaticity and the suppression of the H+ketene channel.
PubMed:S-Adenosyl methionine/S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine ratio determination by capillary electrophoresis employed as a monitoring tool for the antiviral effectiveness of adenosine analogs.
PubMed:Role of nucleotide- and base-excision repair in genotoxin-induced neuronal cell death.
PubMed:Activation of the anticancer prodrugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide: identification of cytochrome P450 2B enzymes and site-specific mutants with improved enzyme kinetics.
PubMed:[Chips instead of mice: cells on bioelectronic sensor-chips as an alternative to animal experiments].
PubMed:Functional cellular assays with multiparametric silicon sensor chips.
PubMed:New nucleoside analogs from 2-amino-9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)purine.
PubMed:Renal-tubule metabolism of ifosfamide to the nephrotoxic chloroacetaldehyde: pharmacokinetic modeling for estimation of intracellular levels.
PubMed:Cytoprotective and anticancer properties of coenzyme Q versus capsaicin.
PubMed:Enzymology of repair of etheno-adducts.
PubMed:Neurological toxicity of ifosfamide.
PubMed:Pharmacology of ifosfamide.
PubMed:Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide over TiO2.
PubMed:Microphysiological testing for chemosensitivity of living tumor cells with multiparametric microsensor chips.
PubMed:Comparative toxicity of ifosfamide metabolites and protective effect of mesna and amifostine in cultured renal tubule cells.
PubMed:Selective enhancement of ifosfamide-induced toxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
PubMed:Regioselective synthesis of 1,N(2)-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine and its generation in oligomeric DNA.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic assay for the antiviral nucleotide analogue tenofovir in plasma using derivatization with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Determination of tenofovir in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorimetric detection.
PubMed:Multiparametric sensor chips for chemosensitivity testing of sensitive and resistant tumor cells.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic technique for detection of a fluorescent analogue of ADP-ribose in isolated blood vessel preparations.
PubMed:Stem cell toxicity of oxazaphosphorine metabolites in comparison to their antileukemic activity.
PubMed:Modified guanines representing O(6)-alkylation by the cyclophosphamide metabolites acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde: synthesis, stability, and ab initio studies.
PubMed:Toxicity of chloroacetaldehyde is similar in adult and pediatric kidney tubules.
PubMed:Analysis of 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine in DNA and in human urine by isotope dilution gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of six adenyl purines in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence derivatization.
PubMed:Modulation of the cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of ifosfamide by ketoconazole and rifampin.
PubMed:Determination of pyrimethamine in animal tissue and egg by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Human kidney tubules detoxify chloroacetaldehyde, a presumed nephrotoxic metabolite of ifosfamide.
PubMed:Comparison of cancer risk estimates for vinyl chloride using animal and human data with a PBPK model.
PubMed:Sensitive gas chromatographic determination of the cyclophosphamide metabolite 2-dechloroethylcyclophosphamide in human plasma.
PubMed:2-Chloroacetaldehyde induces epsilondA DNA adducts in DNA of Raji cells as demonstrated by an improved HPLC-fluorimetry method.
PubMed:Selective protection by stably transfected human ALDH3A1 (but not human ALDH1A1) against toxicity of aliphatic aldehydes in V79 cells.
PubMed:Evaluation of a fluorogenic derivatization method for the reversed-phase HPLC analysis of 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine, a new anti-AIDS drug.
PubMed:Approach to a multiparametric sensor-chip-based tumor chemosensitivity assay.
PubMed:Technical Advance: a novel technique for the sensitive quantification of acyl CoA esters from plant tissues.
PubMed:Fluorometric determination of 2'-beta-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine 5'-triphosphate, the active metabolite of a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus drug, in human lymphocytes.
PubMed:Evidence of renal metabolism of ifosfamide to nephrotoxic metabolites.
PubMed:Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the nitrogen mustard bioreductive drug 5.
PubMed:Intravenous ifosfamide/mesna is associated with depletion of plasma thiols without depletion of leukocyte glutathione.
PubMed:Metabolism of ifosfamide to chloroacetaldehyde contributes to antitumor activity in vivo.
PubMed:Improved and simplified liquid chromatographic assay for adefovir, a novel antiviral drug, in human plasma using derivatization with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Localization of chloroacetaldehyde-induced DNA damage in human p53 gene by DNA polymerase fingerprint analysis.
PubMed:Mammalian enzymatic repair of etheno and para-benzoquinone exocyclic adducts derived from the carcinogens vinyl chloride and benzene.
PubMed:Thermal destabilization of DNA oligonucleotide duplexes by exocyclic adducts on adenine or cytosine depends on both the base and the size of adduct.
PubMed:Detection and quantification of 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine in human placental DNA by mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Suspected ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity.
PubMed:Quantification of 5-methylcytosine in DNA by the chloroacetaldehyde reaction.
PubMed:The role of the Escherichia coli mug protein in the removal of uracil and 3,N(4)-ethenocytosine from DNA.
PubMed:Toxicity of ifosfamide and its metabolite chloroacetaldehyde in cultured renal tubule cells.
PubMed:A new passive sampler for regulated workplace aldehydes.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescent method to determine chloroacetaldehyde, a neurotoxic metabolite of the anticancer drug ifosfamide, in plasma and in liver microsomal incubations.
PubMed:Increased urinary losses of carnitine during ifosfamide chemotherapy.
PubMed:Chemical stability and fate of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide and its N-dechloroethylated metabolites in acidic aqueous solutions.
PubMed:Monooxygenase-mediated 1,2-dichloroethane degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain DCA1.
PubMed:Ifosfamide-induced stomatocytosis and mesna-induced echinocytosis: influence on biorheological properties of blood.
PubMed:Inhibition and stimulation of long-chain fatty acid oxidation by chloroacetaldehyde and methylene blue in rats.
PubMed:Metabolic activation of vinyl chloride by rat liver microsomes: low-dose kinetics and involvement of cytochrome P450 2E1.
PubMed:In vivo modulation of alternative pathways of P-450-catalyzed cyclophosphamide metabolism: impact on pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity.
PubMed:Inhibition of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 by the 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide degradation product acrolein.
PubMed:Endogenous and exogenous DNA lesions recognized by N-alkylpurine-DNA glycosylases.
PubMed:Chloromethyl ketones are insulin-like stimulators of lipid synthesis in locust fat body.
PubMed:Genotoxic bifunctional aldehydes produce specific images in the comet assay.
PubMed:Sequence-dependent extrusion of a small DNA hairpin at the N4 virion RNA polymerase promoters.
PubMed:Determination of ATP and its metabolites released from rat caudal artery by isocratic ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Measurement of adenosine concentration in aqueous and vitreous.
PubMed:Modulation of P450-dependent ifosfamide pharmacokinetics: a better understanding of drug activation in vivo.
PubMed:Excretion kinetics of ifosfamide side-chain metabolites in children on continuous and short-term infusion.
PubMed:Differential cytotoxicity of Ifosfamide and its metabolites in renal epithelial cell cultures.
PubMed:Cloning, sequence and expression of a linear plasmid-based and a chromosomal homolog of chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase-encoding genes in Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10.
PubMed:Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro hemodialysis clearance of ifosfamide and metabolites in an anephric pediatric patient with Wilms' tumor.
PubMed:Novel substrates of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase-3. 4-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde and chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Involvement of glutamate 399 and lysine 192 in the mechanism of human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Stimulation of respiration by methylene blue in rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:A 13C NMR study of 2-(13)C-chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide, in the isolated perfused rabbit heart model. Initial observations on its cardiotoxicity and cardiac metabolism.
PubMed:Ifosfamide cytotoxicity on human tumor and renal cells: role of chloroacetaldehyde in comparison to 4-hydroxyifosfamide.
PubMed:DNA-protein cross-links produced by various chemicals in cultured human lymphoma cells.
PubMed:The electrophilic, mutagenic and tumorigenic activities of phenyl and 4-nitrophenyl vinyl ethers and their epoxide metabolites.
PubMed:The GST T1 and CYP2E1 genotypes are possible factors causing vinyl chloride induced abnormal liver function.
PubMed:Is the white-ivory assay of Drosophila melanogaster a useful tool in genetic toxicology?
PubMed:Urinary excretion of ifosfamide, 4-hydroxyifosfamide, 3- and 2-dechloroethylifosfamide, mesna, and dimesna in patients on fractionated intravenous ifosfamide and concomitant mesna therapy.
PubMed:Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride and its reactive metabolites, chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde, in a metabolically competent human B-lymphoblastoid line.
PubMed:Ifosfamide metabolite chloroacetaldehyde causes renal dysfunction in vivo.
PubMed:Adenine quantitation in yeast extracts and fermentation media and its relationship to protein expression and cell growth in adenine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PubMed:Inhibition of (mono)amine oxidase activity and prevention of ifosfamide encephalopathy by methylene blue.
PubMed:High resolution mapping of E.coli transcription elongation complex in situ reveals protein interactions with the non-transcribed strand.
PubMed:1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine, a DNA adduct highly mutagenic in mammalian cells.
PubMed:Modulation by acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde of multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP).
PubMed:TTA.TAA triplet repeats in plasmids form a non-H bonded structure.
PubMed:2-Chloroacetaldehyde-induced cerebral glutathione depletion and neurotoxicity.
PubMed:Formation of a combined H-DNA/open TATA box structure in the promoter sequence of the human Na,K-ATPase alpha2 gene.
PubMed:Ifosfamide nephrotoxicity: limited influence of metabolism and mode of administration during repeated therapy in paediatrics.
PubMed:Characterization by two-endpoint comparisons of the genetic toxicity profiles of vinyl chloride and related etheno-adduct forming carcinogens in Drosophila.
PubMed:Adaptation of Pseudomonas sp. GJ1 to 2-bromoethanol caused by overexpression of an NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase with low affinity for halogenated aldehydes.
PubMed:Measurement of adenosine by capillary zone electrophoresis with on-column isotachophoretic preconcentration.
PubMed:DNA damage: chemistry, repair, and mutagenic potential.
PubMed:Characterization of the cytochrome P450 involved in side-chain oxidation of cyclophosphamide in humans.
PubMed:Oxidative metabolism of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-alkyl-3- (methylcarbamoyl)triazenes: formation of chloroacetaldehyde and relevance to biological activity.
PubMed:Methylene blue and the neurotoxic mechanisms of ifosfamide encephalopathy.
PubMed:1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine are excised by separate human DNA glycosylases.
PubMed:An intramolecular triplex in the human gamma-globin 5'-flanking region is altered by point mutations associated with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.
PubMed:Molecular analysis of mutations induced by 2-chloroacetaldehyde, the ultimate carcinogenic form of vinyl chloride, in human cells using shuttle vectors.
PubMed:Detection of mutagen specific adduct formation in DNA using sequencing methodology.
PubMed:4-Chlorothreonine is substrate, mechanistic probe, and mechanism-based inactivator of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
PubMed:Spectrofluorimetric determination of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine) in human plasma by photochemical reaction and chloroacetaldehyde derivatization.
PubMed:Lack of uniformity in the mutational spectra of chlorohydroxyfuranones in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100.
PubMed:The benzene metabolite p-benzoquinone forms adducts with DNA bases that are excised by a repair activity from human cells that differs from an ethenoadenine glycosylase.
PubMed:Genetic adaptation of bacteria to halogenated aliphatic compounds.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diadenosine 5',5'"-p1,p4-tetraphosphate with precolumn fluorescence derivatization and its application to metabolism study in whole blood.
PubMed:Ifosfamide and mesna: effects on the Na/H exchanger activity in renal epithelial cells in culture (LLC-PK1).
PubMed:Triple-helix specific ligands stabilize H-DNA conformation.
PubMed:The use of 2-hydroperoxytetrahydrofuran as a reagent to sequence cytosine and to probe non-Watson-Crick DNA structures.
PubMed:Distortion after monofunctional alkylation by mitomycin C of a dodecamer containing its major binding site.
PubMed:Comparison of continuous infusion and bolus administration of ifosfamide in children.
PubMed:Enzymatic and chemical probing of an S1 nuclease-sensitive site upstream from the human CFTR gene.
PubMed:Determination of adenine nucleotides by fluorescence detection using high-performance liquid chromatography and post-column derivatisation with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Determination of plasma adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching and fluorometric detection.
PubMed:Genetics and biochemistry of 1,2-dichloroethane degradation.
PubMed:Ifosfamide metabolite chloroacetaldehyde causes Fanconi syndrome in the perfused rat kidney.
PubMed:Detection of small quantities of double stranded DNA by enhanced fluorescence of substituted aldehyde modified polydeoxynucleotide-ethidium bromide complexes.
PubMed:Ifosfamide and carboplatin combined with 41.8 degrees C whole-body hyperthermia in patients with refractory sarcoma and malignant teratoma.
PubMed:Selective determination of adenine-containing compounds by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.
PubMed:The induction of adaptive response to alkylating agents in Escherichia coli reduces the frequency of specific C-->T mutations in chloroacetaldehyde-treated M13 glyU phage.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity. Mechanisms for cytoprotection.
PubMed:Ifosfamide induced depletion of glutathione in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and protection by mesna.
PubMed:Gradual and oriented B-Z transition in 5'-untranscribed region of mouse ribosomal DNA.
PubMed:Ifosfamide clinical pharmacokinetics.
PubMed:Effects of changing glutamate 487 to lysine in rat and human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. A model to study human (Oriental type) class 2 aldehyde dehydrogenase.
PubMed:Identification of chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase involved in 1,2-dichloroethane degradation.
PubMed:Toxicity of ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and their metabolites in renal tubular cells in culture.
PubMed:The non-B-DNA structure of d(CA/TG)n differs from that of Z-DNA.
PubMed:Monofunctional adducts of platinum(II) produce in DNA a sequence-dependent local denaturation.
PubMed:All four known cyclic adducts formed in DNA by the vinyl chloride metabolite chloroacetaldehyde are released by a human DNA glycosylase.
PubMed:[Molecular basis of mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride].
PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of chloroacetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Identification of DNA adducts at specific locations by sequencing techniques.
PubMed:Effect of ifosfamide metabolites on sodium-dependent phosphate transport in a model of proximal tubular cells (LLC-PK1) in culture.
PubMed:Ifosfamide. Patient care management.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of rat liver aldehyde dehydrogenase with chloroacetaldehydes.
PubMed:The analysis of ifosfamide and its metabolites (review).
PubMed:Enhancement of ethidium bromide fluorescence in double-stranded DNA reacted with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli: specificity of mutations and modulation by induction of the adaptive response to alkylating agents.
PubMed:Formation of ethenocarbaldehyde derivatives of adenosine and cytidine in reactions with mucochloric acid.
PubMed:Structural polymorphism of homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences at neutral pH.
PubMed:Toxicity studies in fertilized zebrafish eggs treated with N-methylamine, N,N-dimethylamine, 2-aminoethanol, isopropylamine, aniline, N-methylaniline, N,N-dimethylaniline, quinone, chloroacetaldehyde, or cyclohexanol.
PubMed:Determination of chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of oxazaphosphorine cytostatic drugs, in plasma.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of nerve-induced adenine nucleotides and nucleosides released from rabbit pulmonary artery.
PubMed:Vinyl carbamate epoxide, a major strong electrophilic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl carbamate and ethyl carbamate (urethane).
PubMed:Conformational junctions between left-handed DNA in (dA-dT)16 and contiguous B-DNA in a supercoiled plasmid contain chemically reactive bases.
PubMed:Development of monoclonal antibodies specific for 1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine and N2,3-ethenodeoxyguanosine and their use for quantitation of adducts in G12 cells exposed to chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Ifosfamide, mesna, and nephrotoxicity in children.
PubMed:Comparative pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide, 4-hydroxyifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 2- and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide in patients on fractionated intravenous ifosfamide therapy.
PubMed:32P-postlabelling methods for cyclic DNA adducts.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination of 2- and 3-dechloroethylifosfamide in plasma and urine.
PubMed:Fluorometric quantitation of adenosine concentration in small samples of extracellular fluid.
PubMed:Transcriptionally driven cruciform formation in vivo.
PubMed:The enigma of ifosfamide encephalopathy.
PubMed:Inhibition of sodium-dependent transport systems in LLC-PK1 cells by metabolites of ifosfamide.
PubMed:Release of N2,3-ethenoguanine from chloroacetaldehyde-treated DNA by Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II.
PubMed:1,N2-ethenodeoxyguanosine: properties and formation in chloroacetaldehyde-treated polynucleotides and DNA.
PubMed:Hepatocarcinogenicity of chloral hydrate, 2-chloroacetaldehyde, and dichloroacetic acid in the male B6C3F1 mouse.
PubMed:Utilization of glutathione during 1,2-dihaloethane metabolism in rat hepatocytes.
PubMed:Acyclic adenine nucleoside phosphonates in plasma determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Intramolecular dG.dG.dC triplex detected in Escherichia coli cells.
PubMed:Roles of the vinyl chloride oxidation products 1-chlorooxirane and 2-chloroacetaldehyde in the in vitro formation of etheno adducts of nucleic acid bases [corrected].
PubMed:Analysis of DNA strand breaks induced in rodent liver in vivo, hepatocytes in primary culture, and a human cell line by chlorinated acetic acids and chlorinated acetaldehydes.
PubMed:H-DNA and Z-DNA in the mouse c-Ki-ras promoter.
PubMed:Determination of 9-[(2-phosphonylmethoxy)ethyl]adenine in rat urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
PubMed:Cross-adaptive response in Escherichia coli caused by pretreatment with H2O2 against formaldehyde and other aldehyde compounds.
PubMed:Determination of urinary 2- and 3-dechloroethylated metabolites of ifosfamide by high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Mechanisms of mutagenesis by exocyclic DNA adducts. Construction and in vitro template characteristics of an oligonucleotide bearing a single site-specific ethenocytosine.
PubMed:A sensitive fluorescence assay for quantitation of fludarabine and metabolites in biological fluids.
PubMed:Detection of triple-helix related structures adopted by poly(dG)-poly(dC) sequences in supercoiled plasmid DNA.
PubMed:Involvement of a large plasmid in the degradation of 1,2-dichloroethane by Xanthobacter autotrophicus.
PubMed:Improved high-pressure liquid chromatographic-fluorometric assay for measurement of adenosine in plasma.
PubMed:Evidence for the mutagenic potential of the vinyl chloride induced adduct, N2, 3-etheno-deoxyguanosine, using a site-directed kinetic assay.
PubMed:Formation of (dA-dT)n cruciforms in Escherichia coli cells under different environmental conditions.
PubMed:Di(1,N6-ethenoadenosine)5', 5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate, a fluorescent enzymatically active derivative of Ap4A.
PubMed:Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous ifosfamide.
PubMed:Torsional stress stabilizes extended base unpairing in suppressor sites flanking immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer.
PubMed:Derivatization-liquid chromatographic assay of chloroacetaldehyde in biological samples.
PubMed:Distortions induced in double-stranded oligonucleotides by the binding of cis- or trans-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II) to the d(GTG) sequence.
PubMed:2-Chloroacetaldehyde and 2-chloroacetal are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis in animal cells.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde is a powerful inducer of mitotic aneuploidy in Aspergillus nidulans.
PubMed:Formation of N2,3-ethanoguanine in DNA after in vitro treatment with the therapeutic agent, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea.
PubMed:Influence of beta-adrenergic stimulation and contraction frequency on rat heart interstitial adenosine.
PubMed:Mechanisms of mutagenesis by the vinyl chloride metabolite chloroacetaldehyde. Effect of gene-targeted in vitro adduction of M13 DNA on DNA template activity in vivo and in vitro.
PubMed:Nucleophilic selectivity and reaction kinetics of chloroethylene oxide assessed by the 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine assay and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
PubMed:Comparison of mutagenic activities of several peroxyacyl nitrates.
PubMed:Nucleophilic selectivity as a determinant of carcinogenic potency (TD50) in rodents: a comparison of mono- and bi-functional alkylating agents and vinyl chloride metabolites.
PubMed:Non-B DNA structure: preferential target for the chemical carcinogen glycidaldehyde.
PubMed:Investigation of RecA--polynucleotide interactions from the measurement of LexA repressor cleavage kinetics. Presence of different types of complex.
PubMed:Synthesis of N2,3-ethenodeoxyguanosine, N2,3-ethenodeoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate, and N2,3-ethenodeoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate. Stability of the glycosyl bond in the monomer and in poly(dG,epsilon dG-dC).
PubMed:Cationic metal-specific structures adopted by the poly(dG) region and the direct repeats in the chicken adult beta A globin gene promoter.
PubMed:The effect of ifosfamide and its metabolites on intracellular glutathione levels in vitro and in vivo.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde and its contribution to urotoxicity during treatment with cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. An experimental study/short communication.
PubMed:The DNA bending by acetylaminofluorene residues and by apurinic sites.
PubMed:High-pressure-liquid-chromatographic and fluorimetric methods for the determination of adenine released from ribosomes by ricin and gelonin.
PubMed:Chemical probes of the conformation of DNA modified by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II).
PubMed:Mechanisms of mutagenesis by chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Liquid holding increases mutation induction by formaldehyde and some other cross-linking agents in Escherichia coli K12.
PubMed:1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 3,N4-etheno-2'-deoxycytidine detected by monoclonal antibodies in lung and liver DNA of rats exposed to vinyl chloride.
PubMed:HPLC-32P-postlabelling analysis of 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 3,N4-ethenodeoxycytidine.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of DNA composition and DNA modification by chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Formation of interstrand cross-links in chloroacetaldehyde-treated DNA demonstrated by ethidium bromide fluorescence.
PubMed:Mechanistic studies on chloral toxicity: relationship to trichloroethylene carcinogenesis.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde reacts with Z-DNA.
PubMed:Magnesium ion-dependent triple-helix structure formed by homopurine-homopyrimidine sequences in supercoiled plasmid DNA.
PubMed:Determination of adenosine in fetal perfusates of human placental cotyledons using fluorescence derivatization and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Physiological model for tissue glutathione depletion and increased resynthesis after ethylene dichloride exposure.
PubMed:Development of techniques to monitor for exposure to vinyl chloride: monoclonal antibodies to ethenoadenosine and ethenocytidine.
PubMed:An ultimate chemical carcinogen, N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, detects non-B DNA structures that are reactive with chloroacetaldehyde in supercoiled plasmid DNA.
PubMed:Investigations on metabolism and carcinogenicity of 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
PubMed:The chemical carcinogen, chloroacetaldehyde, modifies a specific site within the regulatory sequence of human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene in vivo.
PubMed:Inhibition of restriction endonuclease cleavage due to site-specific chemical modification of the B-Z junction in supercoiled DNA.
PubMed:The segment inversion site of herpes simplex virus type 1 adopts a novel DNA structure.
PubMed:Kinetic studies of recA protein binding to a fluorescent single-stranded polynucleotide.
PubMed:Unusual conformational effect exerted by Z-DNA upon its neighboring sequences.
PubMed:Measurement by fluorescence of interstitial adenosine levels in normoxic, hypoxic, and ischemic perfused rat hearts.
PubMed:Vinyl chloride: an assessment of the risk of occupational exposure.
PubMed:Determination of adenosine ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides as their 1-N6-etheno derivatives by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:The use of suicide substrates to select mutants of Escherichia coli lacking enzymes of alcohol fermentation.
PubMed:Dechloroethylation of ifosfamide and neurotoxicity.
PubMed:New adducts of chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde with pyrimidine nucleosides.
PubMed:A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure with fluorometric detection for the analysis of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine and analogs in urine samples.
PubMed:Chemical modification of adenine and cytosine residues with chloroacetaldehyde at the nucleoside and the tRNA level: the structural effect of chloroacetaldehyde modification.
PubMed:Reaction kinetics and cytosine adducts of chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde: direct observation of intermediates by FTNMR and GC-MS.
PubMed:Neutral reactions of haloacetaldehydes with polynucleotides: mechanisms, monomer and polymer products.
PubMed:Detection of DNA base damage by 32P-postlabelling: TLC separation of 5'-deoxynucleoside monophosphates.
PubMed:Repair of etheno DNA adducts by N-glycosylases.
PubMed:Reaction of chloroacetaldehyde with poly(dA-dT) and poly(dC-dG) and its effect upon the accuracy of DNA synthesis.
PubMed:Covalent binding of reactive intermediates to hemoglobin in the mouse as an approach to studying the metabolic pathways of 1,2-dichloroethane.
PubMed:Metabolic activation of vinyl chloride, formation of nucleic acid adducts and relevance to carcinogenesis.
PubMed:Investigations on metabolism, genotoxic effects and carcinogenicity of 2,2'-dichlorodiethylether.
PubMed:Mutagenic and promutagenic properties of DNA adducts formed by vinyl chloride metabolites.
PubMed:Evaluation of the mutagenicity of 1,N6-ethenoadenine- and 3,N4-ethenocytosine-nucleosides in Salmonella typhimurium.
PubMed:Quantitation of etheno adducts by fluorescence detection.
PubMed:The role of cyclic base adducts in vinyl-chloride-induced carcinogenesis: studies on nucleic acid alkylation in vivo.
PubMed:High-pressure liquid chromatographic methods for determining arabinosyladenine-5'-monophosphate, arabinosyladenine, and arabinosylhypoxanthine in plasma and urine.
PubMed:Mutagenicity and toxicity of chloroethylene oxide and chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of human liver cytochrome P-450 debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase probed using immunochemical inhibition and chemical modeling.
PubMed:[Metabolism of 1,2-dichloroethane in the human body in acute poisonings].
PubMed:Fluorometric determination of adenine nucleotides and adenosine by ion-paired, reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:An investigation of the role of microsomal oxidative metabolism in the in vivo genotoxicity of 1,2-dichloroethane.
PubMed:Assessment of mutagenic efficiency of two carcinogen-modified nucleosides, 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine and O4-methyldeoxythymidine, using polymerases of varying fidelity.
PubMed:Metabolism of chloroethanes by rat liver nuclear cytochrome P-450.
PubMed:Absorption and fluorescence studies of the binding of the recA gene product from E. coli to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA. Ionic strength dependence.
PubMed:High-pressure liquid chromatographic-fluorometric detection of adenosine and adenine nucleotides: application to endogenous content and electrically induced release of adenyl purines in guinea pig vas deferens.
PubMed:Binding of gene 32 protein from phage T4 and recA gene product from E. coli to fluorescent single-stranded polynucleotides.
PubMed:Metabolism of genotoxic agents: halogenated compounds.
PubMed:Dose-response relationships for mutations induced in E. coli by some model compounds. With an addendum: Reaction kinetics in water of chloroethylene oxide, chloroacetaldehyde, and chloroacetone.
PubMed:Bacterial growth on 1,2-dichloroethane.
PubMed:Sensitive and selective assay for adenosine using high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorometry.
PubMed:Evidence of chloroethylene oxide being the reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride towards DNA: comparative studies with 2,2'-dichlorodiethylether.
PubMed:Long-range conformational transition in yeast tRNAPhe, induced by the Y-base removal and detected by chloroacetaldehyde modification.
PubMed:3-aminopyridine 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate: a fluorescent reagent for NADP-requiring enzymes.
PubMed:2-Chloroacetaldehyde: a metabolite of cyclophosphamide in the rat.
PubMed:2-Chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide in the rat.
PubMed:Hepatic microsomal metabolism of the dichloroethanes.
PubMed:Binding of RecA protein to single-stranded nucleic acids: spectroscopic studies using fluorescent polynucleotides.
PubMed:Direct observation of complexes formed between recA protein and a fluorescent single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid derivative.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-treated ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides. 1. Reaction products.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-treated ribo- and deoxyribopolynucleotides. 2. Errors in transcription by different polymerases resulting from ethenocytosine and its hydrated intermediate.
PubMed:Determination of chloroacetaldehyde in air by differential pulse polarography.
PubMed:Adenosine measurement by a rapid HPLC-fluorometric method: induced changes of adenosine content in regions of rat brain.
PubMed:The 1,2-dichloroethylenes: their metabolism by hepatic cytochrome p-450 in vitro.
PubMed:The nucleotide sequence of tRNA4Val of Drosophila melanogaster. Chloroacetaldehyde modification as an aid to RNA sequencing.
PubMed:Detection of N2,3-ethanoguanine in DNA after treatment with chloroacetaldehyde in vitro.
PubMed:Fluorescence modification of Escherichia coli 5S RNA.
PubMed:The reaction of adenine and cytosine residues in tRNA with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Metabolism of a DDT metabolite via a chloroepoxide.
PubMed:Studies on the miscoding properties of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and 3,N4-ethenocytosine, DNA reaction products of vinyl chloride metabolites, during in vitro DNA synthesis.
PubMed:The induction of errors during in vitro DNA synthesis following chloroacetaldehyde-treatment of poly(dA-dT) and poly(dC-dG) templates.
PubMed:A simple fluorometric method for cAMP: application to studies of brain adenylate cyclase activity.
PubMed:Detection of mutagen-induced lesions in isolated DNA by marker rescue of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105.
PubMed:The reactions of thiouridines and thiouracils with chloroacetaldehyde; mechanistic considerations.
PubMed:Carcinogenicity of chloroethylene oxide, an ultimate reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride, and bis(chloromethyl)ether after subcutaneous administration and in initiation-promotion experiments in mice.
PubMed:Carcinogenicity of halogenated olefinic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in mice.
PubMed:Activation of vinyl chloride to covalently bound metabolites: roles of 2-chloroethylene oxide and 2-chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Identification of S-(carboxymethyl)-L-cysteine and thiodiglycolic acid, urinary metabolites of 2,2'-bis-(chloroethyl)-ether in the rat.
PubMed:Exposure of DNA bases induced by the interaction of DNA and calf thymus DNA helix-destabilizing protein.
PubMed:Interactions of vinyl chloride with rat-liver DNA in vivo.
PubMed:Osmium-labeled polynucleotides: reaction of osmium tetraoxide, with poly-1,N6-ethenoadenylic acid.
PubMed:New observations concerning the chloroacetaldehyde reaction with some tRNA constituents. Stable intermediates, kinetics and selectivity of the reaction.
PubMed:Mutagenicity of halogenated alkanes and their derivatives.
PubMed:A correlation between the secondary structure of DNA and the reactivity of adenine residues with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:[Mechanism of the reaction of adenosine-5'-phosphate with chloroacetaldehyde].
PubMed:Induction of gene mutations and gene conversions by vinyl chloride metabolites in yeast.
PubMed:Location of accessible bases in Escherichia coli formylmethionine transfer RNA as determined by chemical modification.
PubMed:Mutagenicity and metabolism of vinyl chloride and related compounds.
PubMed:Vinyl chloride mutagenicity via the metabolites chlorooxirane and chloroacetaldehyde monomer hydrate.
PubMed:The mutagenicity of chloroethylene oxide, chloroacetaldehyde, 2-chloroethanol and chloroacetic acid, conceivable metabolites of vinyl chloride.
PubMed:Microsomal metabolism of triazenylimidazoles.
PubMed:Mutation induction in Chinese hamster V79 cells by two vinyl chloride metabolites, chloroethylene oxide and 2-chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Mutagenicity of chloroacetaldehyde, a possible metabolic product of 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride), chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin), vinyl chloride, and cyclophosphamide.
PubMed:Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride, chloroethyleneoxide, chloroacetaldehyde and chloroethanol.
PubMed:Human, rat and mouse liver-mediated mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in S. typhimurium strains.
PubMed:Mechanistic, inhibitory and stereochemical studies on cytoplasmic and mitochondrial serine transhydorxymethylases.
PubMed:Chloroacetaldehyde-modified dinucleoside phosphates. Dynamic fluorescence quenching and quenching due to intramolecular complexation.
PubMed:Effect of chemically modified 70S RNA from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) upon the activity of AMV DNA polymerase.
PubMed:Electron spin resonance studies with dioldehydrase. II. The hyperfine structure of proposed radical intermediates derived from isotopic substitution in 2-chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:A simple fluorimetric microassay for adenine compounds in platelets and plasma and its application to studies on the platelet release reaction.
PubMed:Flavin 1, N 6 -ethenoadenine dinucleotide: dynamic and static quenching of fluorescence.
PubMed:Physical studies of chloroacetaldehyde labelled fluorescent DNA.
PubMed:A fluorescent analog of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
PubMed:Studies on the mechanism of action of coenzyme B 12 . The formation of 5'-deoxyadenosine and B 12(r) in the reaction of dioldehydrase with chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:Toxicity profile of chloroacetaldehyde.
PubMed:[Chemical resistance of certain materials in media containing chloroacetaldehyde, trichloroethane, hydrochloric acid, and chloroacetic acid].
 
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