EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

chloramphenicol
D-(-)-2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenylethyl)acetamide

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
CAS Number: 56-75-7Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):137731-90-9
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:200-287-4
FDA UNII: 66974FR9Q1
Nikkaji Web:J2.802I
Beilstein Number:2225532
MDL:MFCD00078159
XlogP3:1.10 (est)
Molecular Weight:323.13064000
Formula:C11 H12 Cl2 N2 O5
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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NCBI:Search
 
Physical Properties:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 150.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 644.90 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure:1.700000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 651.00 °F. TCC ( 343.80 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.140
Soluble in:
 water, 2500 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
 water, 388.5 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Chloramphenicol >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
Chloramphenicol
Glentham Life Sciences
Chloramphenicol, USP grade
Glentham Life Sciences
Chloramphenicol
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Chloramphenicol ≥98%
Sigma-Aldrich
For experimental / research use only.
Chloramphenicol
European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
 
Safety Information:
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
unreported-child TDLo 250 mg/kg/10D
BLOOD: CHANGES IN BONE MARROW NOT INCLUDED ABOVE BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE LIVER: OTHER CHANGES
Clinical Pediatrics Vol. 14, Pg. 499, 1975.

intramuscular-dog LD > 101 mg/kg
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 28, Pg. 943, 1949.

oral-dog LD > 300 mg/kg
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 28, Pg. 943, 1949.

intravenous-dog LDLo 150 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
Journal of Bacteriology. Vol. 55, Pg. 425, 1948.

intravenous-guinea pig LD50 560 mg/kg
Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. Vol. 9, Pg. 21, 1954.

oral-guinea pig LD50 500 mg/kg
Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. Vol. 10, Pg. 3, 1955.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1100 mg/kg
Dissertationes Pharmaceuticae. Vol. 14, Pg. 21, 1962.

intravenous-mouse LD50 110 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 28, Pg. 943, 1949.

oral-mouse LD50 1500 mg/kg
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 5, Pg. 1, 1955.

intravenous-rabbit LD50 117 mg/kg
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 28, Pg. 943, 1949.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 1811 mg/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 18, Pg. 185, 1971.

intravenous-rat LD50 171 mg/kg
Journal of Clinical Investigation. Vol. 28, Pg. 943, 1949.

oral-rat LD50 2500 mg/kg
Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica. Vol. 10, Pg. 3, 1955.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 400 mg/kg
"Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties," Korzyoski, T., et al., eds., Washington, DC, American Soc. for Microbiology, 1978Vol. 1, Pg. 493, 1978.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 5000 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 9, Pg. 445, 1966.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for chloramphenicol usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for chloramphenicol flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on Chloramphenicol in food and feed
View page or View pdf

Report for 2014 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):56-75-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5959
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
Chemidplus:0000056757
RTECS:AB6825000 for cas# 56-75-7
 
References:
 2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:56-75-7
Pubchem (cid):5959
Pubchem (sid):134972919
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00918
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB14589
Export Tariff Code:2941.40.0000
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•ophthalmic: for solution: 25 mg chloromycetin ophthalmic (with 15 ml sterile water diluent), (monarch); ointment: 1% chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment, (king), chloromycetin ophthalmic, (monarch), chloroptic s.o.p. (with chlorobutanol 0.5%), (allergan), ocu-chlor, (ocumed); solution: 0.5% chloroptic (with chlorobutanol 0.5%), (allergan), ocu-chlor, (ocumed). •otic: solution: 0.5% chloromycetin otic (with propylene glycol), (monarch). •chloramphenicol is often formulated as the cinnamate, palmitate (1.7 g equivalent to 1.0 g chloramphenicol) or sodium succinate salt . preparations are available as capsules (50, 100 and 250 mg; usp grade contains 90-120% of the labelled amt of ai), ear drops (soln in propylene glycol), eye drops (0.5% soln or sterile, dry mixture of chloramphenicol and suitable buffers containing 90-130% of the labelled amt of chloramphenicol ); and as the palmitate in a suspension for oral administration (usp 5 ml, 30 mgml, containing 90-120% of the labelled amt of ai) and the succinate in vials of 1 g for injection (usp grade containing 90-115% of the labelled amt of ai).
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-((1R,2R)-2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-
 acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-, (R-(R*,R*))-
 acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-, (theta-(theta,theta))-
 acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenethyl)-, D-(-)-threo-
 alficetyn
 ambofen
 amphenicol
 amphicol
 amseclor
 anacetin
 aquamycetin
 austracil
 austracol
 biocetin
 biophenicol
 catilan
 chemicetin
 chemicetina
 chlomin
 chlomycol
 chlora-tabs
 chloramex
 chloramfenikol
 chloramficin
 chloramfilin
D-chloramphenicol
D-(-)-chloramphenicol
D-(-)-threo-chloramphenicol
 chloramphenicol, d-
 chloramphenicolum
 chloramsaar
 chlorasol
 chloricol
 chlornitromycin
 chloro-25 vetag
 chloroamphenicol
 chlorocaps
 chlorocid
 chlorocid S
 chlorocide
 chlorocidin C
 chlorocol
 chlorofair
 chloroject L
 chloromax
 chloromycetin
 chloromycetny
 chloronitrin
 chloroptic
 chloroptic S.O.P.
 chlorovules
 cidocetine
 ciplamycetin
 cloramfenicol
 cloramfenicolo
 cloramficin
 cloramicol
 cloramidina
 cloroamfenicolo
 clorocyn
 cloromisan
 clorosintex
 comycetin
 cylphenicol
 desphen
 detreomycin
 detreomycine
 dextromycetin
D-(-)-2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenylethyl)acetamide
2,2-dichloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide
D-(-)-threo-2-dichloroacetamido-1-p-nitrophenyl-1,3-propanediol
 doctamicina
 econochlor
 embacetin
 emetren
 enicol
 enteromycetin
 erbaplast
 ertilen
 farmicetina
 fenicol
 globenicol
 halomycetin
 hortfenicol
 intramycetin
 isicetin
 ismicetina
 juvamycetin
 kamaver
 kemicetina
 kemicetine
 klorita
 klorocid S
 laevomycetinum
 leukomyan
 leukomycin
 levomicetina
 levomitsetin
 levomycetin
 loromisin
 mastiphen
 mediamycetine
 medichol
 micloretin
 micochlorine
 micoclorina
 microcetina
 mychel
 mychel-vet
 mycinol
D-(-)-threo-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-dichloracetamido-1,3-propanediol
D-threo-(1R,2R)-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetamido-1,3-propanediol
D-(-)-threo-1-p-nitrophenyl-2-dichloroacetylamino-1,3-propanediol
D-(-)-threo-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-dichloroacetamido-1,3-propanediol
 normimycin V
 novochlorocap
 novomycetin
 novophenicol
 oftalent
 oleomycetin
 opclor
 ophthochlor
 optomycin
 otachron
 otophen
 pantovernil
 paraxin
isophenicol
isopto fenicol
 quemicetina
 rivomycin
 romphenil
 ronphenil
 septicol
 sificetina
 sintomicetina
 sintomicetine R
 sno-phenicol
 stanomycetin
 synthomycetin
 

Articles:

PubMed:Food Safety is an Important Public Health Issue: Chloramphenicol Residues Determination by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in honey.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates from retail foods.
PubMed:Antibiotics exposure and health risks: Chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay for the simultaneous detection of five chemicals in drinking water.
PubMed:Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia species and Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from raw milk in farm bulk tanks.
PubMed:Evaluation of a novel dry sheet culture method (Sanita-kun(R)) for rapid enumeration of yeasts and molds in foods.
PubMed:Characterization of a genomic island in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia that carries a novel floR gene variant.
PubMed:Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food of animal origin - Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance.
PubMed:Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents among Salmonella Isolates Recovered from Layer Farms and Eggs in the Caribbean Region.
PubMed:Rapid detection of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic products using colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay.
PubMed:Treatment of drug-resistant Shigella infections.
PubMed:Detection and Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk and Honey Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Canadian Penny-Based SERS Nano-Biosensor.
PubMed:Prevalence and detection of antibiotic-resistant determinant in Salmonella isolated from food-producing animals.
PubMed:Simultaneous detection of forbidden chemical residues in milk using dual-label time-resolved reverse competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay based on amine group functionalized surface.
PubMed:Antimicrobial Resistance Investigation on Staphylococcus Strains in a Local Hospital in Guangzhou, China, 2001-2010.
PubMed:Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in enteric Escherichia coli from domestic pets and assessment of associated risk markers using a generalized linear mixed model.
PubMed:Presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli recovered from retail chicken in China.
PubMed:Direct detection of chloramphenicol in honey by neutral desorption-extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk and milk products in Ogun State, Nigeria.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of serologically atypical provisional serovars of Shigella isolates from Kolkata, India.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in milk powder using liquid-liquid cartridge extraction (Chem Elut) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Folate content in fresh-cut vegetable packed products by 96-well microtiter plate microbiological assay.
PubMed:Implementation of the Bacillus cereus microbiological plate used for the screening of tetracyclines in raw milk samples with STAR protocol - the problem with false-negative results solved.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica in dried milk-related infant foods in Shaanxi, China.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in commercial chicken eggs in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence characteristics of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium isolates from healthy and diseased pigs in Korea.
PubMed:Evaluation and validation of biochip multi-array technology for the screening of six families of antibiotics in honey according to the European guideline for the validation of screening methods for residues of veterinary medicines.
PubMed:Multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria in frozen food (ready to cook food) of animal origin sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PubMed:The Enhanced Effects of Antibiotics Irradiated of Extremely High Frequency Electromagnetic Field on Escherichia coli Growth Properties.
PubMed:Diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from surface water in Southeastern United States.
PubMed:A Novel Tn3-Like Composite Transposon Harboring blaVIM-1 in Klebsiella pneumoniae spp. pneumoniae Isolated from River Water.
PubMed:Gastroenteritis due to typhoidal Salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in Bangladesh.
PubMed:Role of EfrAB efflux pump in biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from traditional fermented foods and the effect of EDTA as EfrAB inhibitor.
PubMed:Development of a real-time PCR melt curve assay for simultaneous detection of virulent and antibiotic resistant Salmonella.
PubMed:Evaluation of regional limb perfusion with chloramphenicol using the saphenous or cephalic vein in standing horses.
PubMed:Low occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes on bovine hides and carcasses in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance.
PubMed:[Antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic diversity of bovine staphylococcus aureus isolated in 5 provinces of China in 2013].
PubMed:Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Cronobacter from dried edible macrofungi samples.
PubMed:Virulence, antibiotic resistance and biogenic amines of bacteriocinogenic lactococci and enterococci isolated from goat milk.
PubMed:Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in Côte d'Ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:Comparative Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses of Salmonella Rissen that Originated from Food Animals in Thailand and United States.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I in Beagle dogs plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction.
PubMed:Gold nanocatalyst-based immunosensing strategy accompanying catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol for sensitive monitoring of chloramphenicol residue.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Musca domestica and Chrysomya megacephala in ubon Ratchathani.
PubMed:Molecular subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter coli isolates from diarrheal patients and food-producing animals in China.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol and zeranols in pig muscle by immunoaffinity column clean-up and LC-MS/MS analysis.
PubMed:Construction of upp deletion mutant strains of Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis based on counterselective system using temperature-sensitive plasmid.
PubMed:Antibiotics in South Indian coastal sea and farmed prawns (Penaeus monodon).
PubMed:Occurrence and genetic characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in Swiss retail meat.
PubMed:Array based detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Gram negative bacteria isolated from retail poultry meat in the UK and Ireland.
PubMed:Occurrence of staphylococcal ocular infections of food producing animals in nsukka southeast, Nigeria.
PubMed:Potentially probiotic lactobacillus strains from traditional kurdish cheese.
PubMed:Isolation of Escherichia coli strains with AcrAB-TolC efflux pump-associated intermediate interpretation or resistance to fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol and aminopenicillin from dogs admitted to a university veterinary hospital.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi in South Asia-current status, issues and prospects.
PubMed:Bacteriocinogenic properties and in vitro probiotic potential of enterococci from Tunisian dairy products.
PubMed:Clinical outcomes of nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, and multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal salmonella infections compared with pansusceptible infections in FoodNet sites, 2006-2008.
PubMed:Detection, enumeration and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica 4/O:3 in pig tonsils at slaughter in Northern Italy.
PubMed:Multi-residue and multi-class determination of antibiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Microbiology of keribo fermentation: an Ethiopian traditional fermented beverage.
PubMed:Comprehensive screening of veterinary drugs in honey by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
PubMed:A competitive immunoassay for sensitive detection of small molecules chloramphenicol based on luminol functionalized silver nanoprobe.
PubMed:Listeria monocytogenes in retailed raw chicken meat in Turkey.
PubMed:Isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of Pantoea (Enterobacter) agglomerans isolated from consumed powdered infant formula milk (PIF) in NICU ward: First report from Iran.
PubMed:Degradation and antibiotic activity reduction of chloramphenicol in aqueous solution by UV/H2O2 process.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars associated with broiler chickens.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from poultry slaughterhouses in Korea.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides isolated from naturally-fermented Aloreña table olives throughout fermentation process.
PubMed:Serotyping, pathogenicity and antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from raw poultry meat in West Bengal, India.
PubMed:Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Gram positive bacteria from organic foods.
PubMed:Evaluation of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction for multi-fenicols determination in shrimp and fish by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistances of intestinal lactobacilli isolated from wild boars.
PubMed:Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility among Clostridium difficile isolated from an integrated human and swine population in Texas.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poultry in Italy.
PubMed:Associations between host characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.
PubMed:Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance profiles of escherichia coli isolates of broiler chickens at slaughter in Alberta, Canada.
PubMed:Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis from poultry house and clinical samples during 2010.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in honey, milk, and egg by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: single-laboratory validation.
PubMed:Investigation of a multiresistance gene cfr that fails to mediate resistance to phenicols and oxazolidinones in Enterococcus faecalis.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine and hedgehogs in Burkina Faso and their comparison to human Salmonella isolates.
PubMed:Prevalence, PFGE typing, and antibiotic resistance of Bacillus cereus group isolated from food in Morocco.
PubMed:A comparison of non-typhoidal Salmonella from humans and food animals using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
PubMed:Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases among isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica from food-producing animals and food products, in Portugal.
PubMed:Antimicrobial drug resistance patterns among cattle- and human-associated Salmonella strains.
PubMed:Effect of storage and preservation of milk samples on the response of microbial inhibitor tests.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing among cockle (Anadara granosa) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis.
PubMed:Microbiological quality of ready-to-eat salads: an underestimated vehicle of bacteria and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.
PubMed:Resistant mechanism study of benzalkonium chloride selected Salmonella Typhimurium mutants.
PubMed:Enterobacter and Klebsiella species isolated from fresh vegetables marketed in Valencia (Spain) and their clinically relevant resistances to chemotherapeutic agents.
PubMed:Multiplex TaqMan® detection of pathogenic and multi-drug resistant Salmonella.
PubMed:[Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes strains of human and food origin in the Czech Republic].
PubMed:Effect of NaCl on heat resistance, antibiotic susceptibility, and Caco-2 cell invasion of Salmonella.
PubMed:Diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from pig farms in Ibadan, Nigeria.
PubMed:[Determination of folate content in ready-to-eat food products].
PubMed:Detection of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from mastitic milk samples.
PubMed:Establishment of a competitive ELISA for detection of florfenicol antibiotic in food of animal origin.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from retail foods in Shaanxi Province, China.
PubMed:Prevalence, serovars, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from blue land crabs (Cardisoma guanhumi) in Grenada, West Indies.
PubMed:An inter-laboratory validation of a multiplex dipstick assay for four classes of antibiotics in honey.
PubMed:A component of gamma-radiation-induced cell death in E. coli is programmed and interlinked with activation of caspase-3 and SOS response.
PubMed:Food-animal related Staphylococcus aureus multidrug-resistant ST9 strains with toxin genes.
PubMed:Development of a highly sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay using enhanced luminol as substrate.
PubMed:Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer extraction of chloramphenicol from honey.
PubMed:Genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance identified in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Enteroccocus spp. isolated from U.S. food animals.
PubMed:Development of a Propionibacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector for metabolic engineering of Propionibacterium jensenii, an efficient producer of propionic acid.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in ham sausage with a hybrid chemiluminescent immunoassay.
PubMed:Comparison of culture media for the recovery of airborne yeast in wineries.
PubMed:Development of a new fluorescence immunochromatography strip for detection of chloramphenicol residues in chicken muscles.
PubMed:Isolation and identification of zoonotic species of genus arcobacter from chicken viscera obtained from retail distributors of the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica.
PubMed:Isolation and molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Javiana from food, environmental and clinical samples.
PubMed:Preliminary evaluation of probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from Italian food products.
PubMed:Prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica in pigs at slaughter in Italy.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chicken carcasses in the Federal District, Brazil.
PubMed:Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken meat in Iran: serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance properties.
PubMed:Occurrence of chloramphenicol in crops through natural production by bacteria in soil.
PubMed:The bacteriological safety and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from street-vended white lupin (Lupinus albus) in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species from meat and fermented meat products isolated by a PCR-based rapid screening method.
PubMed:Stably luminescent Staphylococcus aureus clinical strains for use in bioluminescent imaging.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and co-selection phenomenon in Listeria spp. recovered from food and food production environments.
PubMed:A comprehensive approach to determine the probiotic potential of human-derived Lactobacillus for industrial use.
PubMed:Quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk.
PubMed:Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence characteristics of mecA-encoding coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from soft cheese in Brazil.
PubMed:Safety assessment and probiotic evaluation of Enterococcus faecium YF5 isolated from sourdough.
PubMed:Evaluation of drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in retail poultry and beef.
PubMed:Prevalence and molecular epidemiological characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from Japanese black beef cattle.
PubMed:Induction of resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance trends among Salmonella isolates obtained from dairy cattle in the northeastern United States, 2004-2011.
PubMed:Establishment of magnetic beads-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk.
PubMed:Prevalence and characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in bovine colostrum in Japan.
PubMed:Salmonella gastroenteritis in children (clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility): comparison of the years 1995-2001 and 2002-2008.
PubMed:Genetic characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Escherichia coli isolated from retail chicken products including CTX-M-9 containing isolates: a food safety risk factor.
PubMed:The effects of chloramphenicol on Ulva lactuca.
PubMed:Bacterial sensors based on biosilica immobilization for label-free OWLS detection.
PubMed:Genetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from poultry and environment from a Portuguese slaughterhouse.
PubMed:Characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolated from chicken carcasses.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from animals, retail meats, and humans in the United States and Canada.
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella food isolates with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and growth of the emergent pathogen Escherichia albertii on raw ground beef stored under refrigeration, abuse, and physiological temperature.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from bulk tank milk and milk filters in the United States.
PubMed:Disinfectant and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from cattle carcasses, feces, and hides and ground beef from the United States.
PubMed:Change of integrons over time in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy pigs and chickens.
PubMed:Human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from Taiwan displayed significantly higher levels of antimicrobial resistance than those from Denmark.
PubMed:Species distribution, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in enterococci from meat in Tunisia.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility and multi-drug resistance of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovars in Sudan.
PubMed:Transcriptome analysis and physiology of Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 cells under continuous culture conditions.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in aquatic products by graphene-based SPE coupled with HPLC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Isolation and identification of fungi from a meju contaminated with aflatoxins.
PubMed:Real-time assessment of the microbial quality of retail shrimp using CO2 evolution rate.
PubMed:Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens L'Her and Vitex agnus-castus L.
PubMed:Current status of antibiograms of Listeria ivanovii and Enterobacter cloacae isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Alice, South Africa.
PubMed:Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of six penicillin and three amphenicol antibiotics in gilthead seabream (Sparus Aurata) tissue according to the European Union Decision 2002/657/EC.
PubMed:Characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from broiler chicken barn bioaerosol.
PubMed:Prevalence of enterotoxin-encoding genes and antimicrobial resistance in coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus isolates from black pudding.
PubMed:First detection of oqxAB in Salmonella spp. isolated from food.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus species of food animal origin from Beijing and Shandong Province, China.
PubMed:Phylogenetic diversity, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits of Aeromonas spp. from untreated waters for human consumption.
PubMed:High diversity of genetic lineages and virulence genes in nasal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from donkeys destined to food consumption in Tunisia with predominance of the ruminant associated CC133 lineage.
PubMed:Simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple pesticide and veterinary drug residues by suspension array technology.
PubMed:A gel-based visual immunoassay for non-instrumental detection of chloramphenicol in food samples.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from Northern German fattening pigs.
PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of 6 antibiotics and metronidazole in acne removal products bt high performance liquid chromatography].
PubMed:Persistence of Salmonella enterica during dehydration and subsequent cold storage.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates from retail meat from markets in Northern Vietnam.
PubMed:Flow-based analysis using microfluidics-chemiluminescence systems.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus strains isolated from primary starters for African traditional bread production and characterization of the bacitracin operon and bacitracin biosynthesis.
PubMed:Trends in monitoring residues of prohibited pharmacologically active substances in primary products of animal origin in Lithuania and the European Union from 1999 to 2008.
PubMed:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 in pig farms and multispecies farms.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Chinese yogurts.
PubMed:Removal of chloramphenicol by macroporous adsorption resins in honey: a novel approach on reutilization of antibiotics contaminated honey.
PubMed:Exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to green tea polyphenols enhances the tolerance to various environmental stresses.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food and food processing environment in Poland.
PubMed:Application of EU guidelines for the validation of screening methods for veterinary drugs.
PubMed:Prevalence of multiple antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria on bagged, ready-to-eat baby spinach.
PubMed:Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the bacterial flora of integrated fish farming environments of Pakistan and Tanzania.
PubMed:Isolation, identification and characterization of human intestinal bacteria with the ability to utilize chloramphenicol as the sole source of carbon and energy.
PubMed:Modified hydrotalcite-like compounds as active fillers of biodegradable polymers for drug release and food packaging applications.
PubMed:Of reductionism and the pendulum swing: connecting toxicology and human health.
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol in propolis by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Incidence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in fishery products marketed in Galicia (Northwest Spain).
PubMed:Characterisation and application of molecularly imprinted polymers for group-selective recognition of antibiotics in food samples.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars isolated from beef at retail markets in the north Vietnam.
PubMed:Variability of the tandem repeat region of the Escherichia coli tolA gene.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus faecalis in French cheeses.
PubMed:Genotypic characterization and safety assessment of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous African fermented food products.
PubMed:Frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes on beef carcasses at small abattoirs in Jalisco State, Mexico.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serovars isolated from retail pork and chicken meat in North Vietnam.
PubMed:Response of Nigerian farmers to a questionnaire on chloramphenicol application in commercial layers.
PubMed:A piezoelectric immunosensor for chloramphenicol detection in food.
PubMed:Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of phenicol drugs and florfenicol-amine in foods.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse.
PubMed:Resistance to phenicol compounds following adaptation to quaternary ammonium compounds in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Antimicrobial and Safety Properties of Lactobacilli Isolated from two Cameroonian Traditional Fermented Foods.
PubMed:Enhanced inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by a combination of cold pressed terpeneless Valencia orange oil and antibiotics.
PubMed:Analysis of veterinary drug residues in frog legs and other aquacultured species using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes detected in multiple-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chicken carcasses.
PubMed:Occurrence and characterization of Listeria spp. in ready-to-eat retail foods from Vancouver, British Columbia.
PubMed:Determination of tetracycline residues in chicken meat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum JDM301 based on complete genome sequences.
PubMed:[Comparative study on the phenotypic characteristics and molecular typing of foodborne Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Guangdong province].
PubMed:Carbon nanotube compared with carbon black: effects on bacterial survival against grazing by ciliates and antimicrobial treatments.
PubMed:Susceptibility of bifidobacteria of animal origin to selected antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:Genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B in Malaysia.
PubMed:Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and RAPD typing of Campylobacter species isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia.
PubMed:Comparison of the prevalences and antimicrobial resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from different retail meats in the United States, 2002 to 2008.
PubMed:Determination and confirmation of chloramphenicol in honey, fish and prawns by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with minimum sample preparation: validation according to 2002/657/EC Directive.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and florfenicol in liquid milk, milk powder and bovine muscle by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Development of a homogeneous immunoassay based on the AlphaLISA method for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk, honey and eggs.
PubMed:[Accurate determination of chloramphenicol in pork by isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:[Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium perfringens isolates of different origins from Costa Rica].
PubMed:Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from wild flowers.
PubMed:Antibiotic and antimicrobial peptide combinations: synergistic inhibition of Pseudomonas fluorescens and antibiotic-resistant variants.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of different lactic acid bacteria strains.
PubMed:Validation of a rapid and sensitive routine method for determination of chloramphenicol in honey by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Prevalence of Bacillus cereus and associated risk factors in Chinese-style fried rice available in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from food and food animals.
PubMed:A new inducible expression system in a transformed green alga, Chlorella vulgaris.
PubMed:Screening, phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from typhoid asymptomatic carriers.
PubMed:Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants.
PubMed:ELISA screening and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in chicken muscle, and the validation of a confirmatory method by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Rapid detection of chloramphenicol in animal products without clean-up using LC-high resolution mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Multiple-antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from cecal contents in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Canada and plasmid colocalization of tetO and ermB genes.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from retail ground meats.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in raw milk in the selected areas of Poland.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from pond-reared Litopenaeus vannamei marketed in natal, brazil.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from various samples by using a spiral gradient endpoint technique.
PubMed:Epidemiological characteristics and molecular typing of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi during a waterborne outbreak in Eastern Anatolia.
PubMed:Quantitative trace analysis of eight chloramphenicol isomers in urine by chiral liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from animals presenting at a university veterinary hospital.
PubMed:In vitro selection and characterization of DNA aptamers recognizing chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Listeria monocytogenes isolated in Japan.
PubMed:Characterization of two safe Enterococcus strains producing enterocins isolated from Egyptian dairy products.
PubMed:Prevalence of R-type ACSSuT in strains of Salmonella serovar Typhimurium DT193 isolated from human infections in Brazil.
PubMed:Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas strains from various retail food products in Mumbai, India.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from slaughtered cattle in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
PubMed:Isolation and identification of salmonella from curry samples and its sensitivity to commercial antibiotics and aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis (L.) and Trachyspermum ammi (L.).
PubMed:[Methodological study on magnetic affinity immunoassay for detecting chloramphenicol].
PubMed:Discrimination of eight chloramphenicol isomers by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in order to investigate the natural occurrence of chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Simultaneous detection of five antibiotics in milk by high-throughput suspension array technology.
PubMed:Hygienic quality and antibiotic resistance profile of sliced butchery.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants in European Salmonella genomic island 1-positive Salmonella enterica isolates from different origins.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility to azithromycin among Salmonella enterica isolates from the United States.
PubMed:Ultra trace analysis of small molecule by label-free impedimetric immunosensor using multilayer modified electrode.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul isolated from imported seafood, pepper, environmental and clinical samples.
PubMed:The LC-MS/MS methods for the determination of specific antibiotics residues in food matrices.
PubMed:Multidrug-resistant typhoid fever: a review.
PubMed:Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy food handlers in hospital.
PubMed:Flow-injection preconcentration of chloramphenicol using molecularly imprinted polymer for HPLC determination in environmental samples.
PubMed:Active suppression of early immune response in tobacco by the human pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium.
PubMed:Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw meats marketed in Bangkok and characterization of the isolates by phenotypic and molecular methods.
PubMed:Distribution and characterization of ampicillin- and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli from feedlot cattle fed subtherapeutic antimicrobials.
PubMed:On the use of Kinetex(™) -C(18) core-shell 2.6 µm stationary phase to the multiclass determination of antibiotics.
PubMed:Functional analysis of ycfR and ycfQ in Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to outbreaks of illness associated with fresh produce.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes food isolates from different cities in Colombia.
PubMed:Characterization of nalidixic acid-resistant and fluoroquinolone-reduced susceptible Salmonella Typhimurium in swine.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of 20 pharmacologically active substances in cow's milk, goat's milk, and human breast milk by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Analysis of antimicrobial resistance genes detected in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from food animals.
PubMed:Antimicrobial drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and aflatoxin M1 residues in milk by triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Extensive dissemination of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli with multidrug resistance to 'critically important' antibiotics among food animals in Hong Kong, 2008-10.
PubMed:A real-time multiplex SYBR Green I polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid screening of salmonella serotypes prevalent in the European Union.
PubMed:Virulence and resistance determinants of German Staphylococcus aureus ST398 isolates from nonhuman sources.
PubMed:Isolation of Salmonella spp. from lettuce and evaluation of its susceptibility to novel bacteriocins of Bacillus thuringiensis and antibiotics.
PubMed:Chemical-biological ocular injury from turkey bile.
PubMed:Probiotic assessment of Enterococcus faecalis CP58 isolated from human gut.
PubMed:Letter to the Editor: Crossing the ecological threshold--of scientific analysis, natural chemicals and global trade.
PubMed:Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meat products.
PubMed:Diversity and characterization of oxytetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with non-native species, white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), and native species, black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), intensively cultured in Thailand.
PubMed:Characterization and transfer of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria from fermented food products.
PubMed:Optimization of bioassay for tetracycline detection in milk by means of chemometric techniques.
PubMed:Separation, concentration and determination of chloramphenicol in environment and food using an ionic liquid/salt aqueous two-phase flotation system coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter spp. isolated from conventional and antimicrobial-free swine production systems from different U.S. regions.
PubMed:[Antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from blood cultures at the Ain M'lila hospital (Algeria), between 2005 and 2008].
PubMed:Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from chicken in China.
PubMed:Salmonella genomic islands and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica.
PubMed:Evaluation and target validation of indole derivatives as inhibitors of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump.
PubMed:Detection, semiquantitative enumeration, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica in pork and chicken meats in Italy.
PubMed:Re-emergence of multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley from cattle.
PubMed:Laboratory based surveillance of travel-related Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in Alberta from 2002 to 2007.
PubMed:Characterization of toxin genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Louisiana retail meats.
PubMed:Prevalence and molecular characterization of chloramphenicol resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks and geese in Taiwan.
PubMed:An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Oranienburg in Michigan dairy calves.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of members of the Lactobacillus acidophilus group using broth microdilution and molecular identification of their resistance determinants.
PubMed:The state of the art of residue analysis: the 6th VDRA symposium 2010.
PubMed:Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria and antimicrobial residues in pasteurized cow's milk from Brazil.
PubMed:Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains on liver surfaces of pigs and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:A sensitive immunoassay based on direct hapten coated format and biotin-streptavidin system for the detection of chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in retail foods in northern China.
PubMed:Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the ultra-fast determination of chloramphenicol in egg, honey, and milk by fused-core C18-based high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Prevalence and dissemination of oqxAB in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, farmworkers, and the environment.
PubMed:[Antimicrobial susceptibility and related genes of Salmonella serovars from retail food in Shaanxi province].
PubMed:Development of a novel strategy for preconcentration of antibiotic residues in milk and their quantitation by capillary electrophoresis.
PubMed:Assessment of commutability for candidate certified reference material ERM-BB130 "chloramphenicol in pork".
PubMed:Potentially zoonotic shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups in the faeces and meat of food-producing animals in Ibadan, Nigeria.
PubMed:A label-free and portable multichannel surface plasmon resonance immunosensor for on site analysis of antibiotics in milk samples.
PubMed:The Response of Enterococcus faecalis V583 to Chloramphenicol Treatment.
PubMed:Differential heat stability of amphenicols characterized by structural degradation, mass spectrometry and antimicrobial activity.
PubMed:Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of plant-derived molecules in increasing the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 to antibiotics.
PubMed:Contamination rates and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from "grass-fed" labeled beef products.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in slaughter pigs in Latvia.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from retail chicken in two health units in Ontario.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol residues in chicken liver, kidney and muscle: a comparison among the antibacterial residues monitoring methods of Four Plate Test, ELISA and HPLC.
PubMed:Rapid multi-class multi-residue method for the confirmation of chloramphenicol and eleven nitroimidazoles in milk and honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
PubMed:An improved shuttle vector constructed for metabolic engineering research in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
PubMed:Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates from pigs at slaughter in Kenya.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes in chickens from retail markets in Yaounde (Cameroon).
PubMed:Evidence of natural occurrence of the banned antibiotic chloramphenicol in herbs and grass.
PubMed:Adaptation of Vibrio vulnificus and an rpoS mutant to bile salts.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance in Listeria species isolated from catfish fillets and processing environment.
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium isolates from animal and food in Southern Italy.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and pond environment in northeastern Brazil.
PubMed:Molecular typing and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of enteropathogenic and shigatoxin producing Escherichia coli isolated from food handlers in three areas of Kenya.
PubMed:Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: 29 cases.
PubMed:Powder infant formula milk contaminated with Enterobacter sakazakii.
PubMed:Multiclass, multiresidue method for the detection of antibiotic residues in distillers grains by liquid chromatography and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Development of stress resistance in Staphylococcus aureus after exposure to sublethal environmental conditions.
PubMed:Rapid pretreatment-free immunochromatographic assay of chloramphenicol in milk.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi in India.
PubMed:Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for predicting multidrug-resistant Salmonella recovered from retail meats and humans in the United States.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: improvement by biotin-streptavidin-amplified system.
PubMed:Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species in chicken at slaughter level; absence of vanA and vanB genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from raw camel, beef, lamb, and goat meat in Iran.
PubMed:A case of primary localized cutaneous infection due to Fusarium oxysporum.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from marketed foods and drugs.
PubMed:Phage adsorption to Lactobacillus plantarum: influence of physiological and environmental factors.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of bifidobacterial strains distributed in the Japanese market.
PubMed:High-level expression of Lactobacillus beta-galactosidases in Lactococcus lactis using the food-grade, nisin-controlled expression system NICE.
PubMed:Contamination of Salmonella Schwarzengrund cells in chicken meat from traditional marketplaces in Taiwan and comparison of their antibiograms with those of the human isolates.
PubMed:Characterisation and transferability of antibiotic resistance genes from lactic acid bacteria isolated from Irish pork and beef abattoirs.
PubMed:Role of RpoS in the susceptibility of low salinity-adapted Vibrio vulnificus to environmental stresses.
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk powder using molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) by LC-MS/MS].
PubMed:Improving toxicity screening and drug development by using genetically defined strains.
PubMed:A genome-wide screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals a critical role for the mitochondria in the toxicity of a trichothecene mycotoxin.
PubMed:Mycosporine-like amino acids in freshwater copepods: potential sources and some factors that affect their bioaccumulation.
PubMed:The combination of energy-dependent internal adaptation mechanisms and external factors enables Listeria monocytogenes to express a strong starvation survival response during multiple-nutrient starvation.
PubMed:A new antimicrobial peptide isolated from Oudneya africana seeds.
PubMed:A high-throughput method for determining chloramphenicol residues in poultry, egg, shrimp, fish, swine and bovine using LC-ESI-MS/MS.
PubMed:In vitro activities of antimicrobials against six important species of gram-negative bacteria isolated from raw milk samples in Korea.
PubMed:Molecular basis and evolution of multiple drug resistance in the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Ohio.
PubMed:Effects of gamma radiation on the growth of Alternaria alternata and on the production of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in sunflower seeds.
PubMed:[Serovars of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica and its antimicrobial resistance in slaughterhouse pigs].
PubMed:Multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella in New York state's foodborne diseases active surveillance network counties.
PubMed:Comparison of disc diffusion and epsilometer (E-test) testing techniques to determine antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter isolates of food and human clinical origin.
PubMed:Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from food in Morocco.
PubMed:Aspergillus section Nigri species isolated from different wine-grape growing regions in Argentina.
PubMed:National surveillance of Salmonella enterica in food-producing animals in Japan.
PubMed:Heat-adaptation induced thermotolerance in Staphylococcus aureus: Influence of the alternative factor sigmaB.
PubMed:Label-free and multiplex detection of antibiotic residues in milk using imaging surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensor.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from swine and workers in China.
PubMed:Invasive non-Typhi Salmonella disease in Africa.
PubMed:Chromatographic evaluation of polymers imprinted with analogs of chloramphenicol and application to selective solid-phase extraction.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella from different raw foods in Mexico.
PubMed:In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of the bacteriocin producer Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198.
PubMed:Detection of vanA and vanB2-containing enterococci from food samples in Spain, including Enterococcus faecium strains of CC17 and the new singleton ST425.
PubMed:Real-time and label-free detection of chloramphenicol residues with specific molecular interaction.
PubMed:Assessment of antimicrobial usage and residues in commercial chicken eggs from smallholder poultry keepers in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania.
PubMed:Residues of antibacterial drugs in honey from the Italian market.
PubMed:Multiple antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and non-O139.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of enterococci isolated from traditional fermented meat products.
PubMed:Identification and characterization of antibiotic resistance genes in Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:In situ detection of antibiotic-resistance elements in single Bacillus cereus spores.
PubMed:Occurrence of antimicrobial residues in pasteurized milk commercialized in the state of Paraná, Brazil.
PubMed:Diversity and susceptibility of Enterococcus isolated from cattle before and after harvest.
PubMed:Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species on beef, mutton, and chicken carcasses in Istanbul, Turkey.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in Escherichia coli from broiler chicken slaughtered at Tigoni processing plant in Limuru, Kenya.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Aeromonas spp. isolates from food in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
PubMed:Effects of gamma-radiation on the fungus Alternaria alternata in artificially inoculated cereal samples.
PubMed:Surface plasmon resonance assay for chloramphenicol without surface regeneration.
PubMed:Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pork and chicken carcasses in Taiwan: prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:Occurrence of chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline residues in ultra-heat-treatment milk marketed in Turkey.
PubMed:Constituents of leaves and flowers essential oils of Helichrysum pallasii (Spreng.) Ledeb. growing wild in Lebanon.
PubMed:Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from organic and conventional poultry meat.
PubMed:Genotype, serotype, and antibiotic resistance of sorbitol-negative Escherichia coli isolates from feedlot cattle.
PubMed:[Detection and analysis of antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from retail meats in some districts of Shaanxi province].
PubMed:[Influence of acid adaptation on membrane-fatty acid profile and expression of membrane proteins in Lactococcus lactis].
PubMed:The detection limits of antimicrobial agents in cow's milk by a simple Yoghurt Culture Test.
PubMed:[Studies on the results of monitoring of veterinary drug residues in food products of animal origin in Japan and other countries].
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella isolates from retail foods based on serotyping, pulse field gel electrophoresis, antibiotic resistance and other phenotypic properties.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella from domestic animals, food and human in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
PubMed:Contamination of chicken meat with Salmonella enterica Serovar Haardt with nalidixic acid resistance and reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.
PubMed:Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for drugs with abuse liability: public interest, special interest, conflicts of interest, and the industry perspective.
PubMed:Associations among antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. isolates from 60 Alberta finishing swine farms.
PubMed:Survival of the acid-adapted Bacillus cereus in acidic environments.
PubMed:Effect of transcriptional activators RamA and SoxS on expression of multidrug efflux pumps AcrAB and AcrEF in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in bee pollen by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:[Identification of antimicrobial susceptibility of foodborne Salmonella and related plasmid].
PubMed:Relation of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from foods and clinical specimens.
PubMed:Distribution of multidrug-resistant human isolates of MDR-ACSSuT Salmonella Typhimurium and MDR-AmpC Salmonella Newport in the United States, 2003-2005.
PubMed:Surface plasmon resonance assay for chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Bead-based mesofluidic system for residue analysis of chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Salmonella Indiana as a cause of abortion in ewes: Genetic diversity and resistance patterns.
PubMed:[Listeriosis - four case reports].
PubMed:Evaluation of Petrifilm Select E. coli Count Plate medium to discriminate antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli.
PubMed:An approach for mapping the number and distribution of Salmonella contamination on the poultry carcass.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from cattle in Japan.
PubMed:Molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective solid-phase extraction of chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Competitive immunoassay by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence for the trace detection of chloramphenicol in animal-derived foods.
PubMed:Presence and potential for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance in oxidase-positive bacteria populating raw salad vegetables.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with food and used in starter cultures.
PubMed:[Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes in China].
PubMed:Rapid determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk powder by liquid chromatography-elektrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Genomic and proteomic analysis of the Alkali-Tolerance Response (AlTR) in Listeria monocytogenes 10403S.
PubMed:Risk factors in enterococci isolated from foods in Morocco: determination of antimicrobial resistance and incidence of virulence traits.
PubMed:Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella typhimurium DTI04 on Ontario swine farms.
PubMed:Monitoring of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DRC starter in fermented vegetable by random integration of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene.
PubMed:Is lack of susceptible recipients in the intestinal environment the limiting factor for transduction of Shiga toxin-encoding phages?
PubMed:Fecal shedding of foodborne pathogens by Florida-born heifers and steers in U.S. beef production segments.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail food.
PubMed:Ten years of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella from Danish pig farms.
PubMed:Safety of raw meat and shellfish in Vietnam: an analysis of Escherichia coli isolations for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile in broiler chickens sold at market places in Zimbabwe and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
PubMed:Analysis and occurrence of 14 sulfonamide antibacterials and chloramphenicol in honey by solid-phase extraction followed by LC/MS/MS analysis.
PubMed:Longitudinal study of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from integrated multisite cohorts of humans and swine.
PubMed:Prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their anti-microbial resistance in Tilapia and their pond water in Trinidad.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolates from apparently healthy and clinically ill finishing pigs in Spain.
PubMed:Collateral effects of antibiotics: carbadox and metronidazole induce VSH-1 and facilitate gene transfer among Brachyspira hyodysenteriae strains.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in shrimp by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS).
PubMed:Potential of houseflies to contaminate ready-to-eat food with antibiotic-resistant enterococci.
PubMed:Heat shock induces barotolerance in Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Agona slaughter isolates from the animal arm of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System-Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): 1997 through 2003.
PubMed:Multiclass determination and confirmation of antibiotic residues in honey using LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Biosynthetic requirements for the repair of sublethally injured Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells after pulsed electric fields.
PubMed:[Determination of chloropromazine residues in animals kidney and urine using LC-MS/MS method].
PubMed:Bacteriological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from humans and bulk milk.
PubMed:Persistence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in an animal veterinary teaching hospital clinic.
PubMed:Associations between feed and water antimicrobial use in farrow-to-finish swine herds and antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli from grow-finish pigs.
PubMed:Comparative analysis of genetic diversity and incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococcal populations from raw fruit and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples.
PubMed:Prevalence and genetic diversity of Enterobacter sakazakii in ingredients of infant foods.
PubMed:Treatment of enteric fever.
PubMed:Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in retail raw meat products in Ethiopia.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and phage and molecular typing of Salmonella strains isolated from food for human consumption in Spain.
PubMed:Occurrence, identification, and characterization of Campylobacter species isolated from portuguese poultry samples collected from retail establishments.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance profiles of enterococci isolated from poultry meat and pasteurized milk in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PubMed:Comparison of dry sheet media and conventional agar media methods for enumerating yeasts and molds in food.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from imported seafood.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food and clinical cases in Navarra, Spain.
PubMed:Characterisation of pSMA23, a 3.5 kbp plasmid of Lactobacillus casei, and application for heterologous expression in Lactobacillus.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance in food-borne bacterial contaminants in Vietnam.
PubMed:The safety of two Bacillus probiotic strains for human use.
PubMed:Comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serotypes isolated from slaughter animals in Kenya.
PubMed:[Acute Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in Dakar].
PubMed:Impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens and enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates.
PubMed:Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance.
PubMed:Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in pigs slaughtered at a Swiss abattoir.
PubMed:Development of a chemiluminescent immunosensor for chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of 114 porcine isolates of Campylobacter coli.
PubMed:Enterococcus populations in Pecorino Abruzzese cheese: biodiversity and safety aspects.
PubMed:Occurrence of multidrug resistant Salmonella in antimicrobial-free (ABF) swine production systems.
PubMed:Prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli isolated from pigs reared under antimicrobial-free and conventional production methods.
PubMed:Characterization of monolaurin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.
PubMed:Temporal dynamics and impact of manure storage on antibiotic resistance patterns and population structure of Escherichia coli isolates from a commercial swine farm.
PubMed:Class I/Class IIa bacteriocin cross-resistance phenomenon in Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg susceptibility testing results.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes from food products.
PubMed:Epidemiology and risk factors for endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan.
PubMed:Incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants among Enterococcus italicus isolates from dairy products.
PubMed:High prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant genes and integrons in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed Gulls in the Czech Republic.
PubMed:The identification of antibacterial compounds for the development of enhanced media for the detection of foodborne fungi.
PubMed:Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. from human and non-human sources in Oman.
PubMed:Streptomycin and chloramphenicol resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, pigs, and chicken in Kenya.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O157:H7- from different origins.
PubMed:Comparative sequence analysis of plasmids from Lactobacillus delbrueckii and construction of a shuttle cloning vector.
PubMed:Substrate specificity of the OqxAB multidrug resistance pump in Escherichia coli and selected enteric bacteria.
PubMed:An electrochemical method for simultaneous detection and identification of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis using a glucose oxidase-peroxidase composite biosensor.
PubMed:Characterisation of antibodies to chloramphenicol, produced in different species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biosensor technologies.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from organic chicken, conventional chicken, and turkey meat: a comparative survey.
PubMed:Characterization of multidrug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals.
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons in Escherichia coli O26 isolated from humans and animals.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in Hong Kong, 2000-2004.
PubMed:Identification and molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. from unpasteurized orange juices and identification of new serotype Salmonella strain S. enterica serovar Tempe.
PubMed:Enterococci from Appenzeller and Schabziger raw milk cheese: antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and persistence of particular strains in the products.
PubMed:Prevalence of class 1 integrons in commensal Escherichia coli from pigs and pig farmers in Thailand.
PubMed:Nanohybrids for controlled antibiotic release in topical applications.
PubMed:Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pullorum from broiler chickens and commercial laying hens in Italy.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and Caco-2 cell invasion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from farm environments and retail products.
PubMed:A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from dairy and pharmaceutical products.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica strains from human patients, pigs and retail pork in Switzerland.
PubMed:Ochratoxin A and ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species in Argentinean wine grapes cultivated under organic and non-organic systems.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from raw chicken meat and human stools in Korea.
PubMed:Use of quantitative real-time PCR to monitor the shedding and treatment of chlamydiae in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).
PubMed:Chemically mediated competition between microbes and animals: microbes as consumers in food webs.
PubMed:Analysis of veterinary drug residues in fish and shrimp composites collected during the Canadian Total Diet Study, 1993-2004.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol extraction from honey, milk, and eggs using polymer monolith microextraction followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry determination.
PubMed:Cre-lox-based system for multiple gene deletions and selectable-marker removal in Lactobacillus plantarum.
PubMed:Molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres for solid-phase extraction of chloramphenicol residues in foods.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistances of starter and probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria.
PubMed:Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate harbouring a new variant of Salmonella genomic island 1 containing the multiple antibiotic resistance region.
PubMed:Occurrence of ceftriaxone-resistant commensal bacteria on a dairy farm and a poultry farm.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli isolated from poultry feed and feed ingredients.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in crustaceans: preparation and evaluation of a proficiency test in Germany.
PubMed:Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in royal jelly by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective solid-phase extraction of chloramphenicol from honey.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermotolerant Campylobacter strains isolated from food animals in Ethiopia.
PubMed:Small molecule microarrays for drug residue detection in foodstuffs.
PubMed:Salmonella enterica serotype Virchow: epidemiology, resistance patterns and molecular characterisation of an invasive Salmonella serotype in Israel.
PubMed:In vitro assessment of properties associated with the survival through the gastro-intestinal tract of staphylococci isolated from traditional sausage fermentation.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in food and clinical Aeromonas isolates.
PubMed:Occurrence and characterization of Aeromonas spp. in mussels from the Adriatic Sea.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of promoters from Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris LM0230.
PubMed:Stability of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp subjected to heat processing treatments.
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in animal tissues by LC-MS/MS method].
PubMed:Development of a chemiluminescent ELISA for determining chloramphenicol in chicken muscle.
PubMed:Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility within lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine.
PubMed:Multi-drug resistance in Salmonella enterica: efflux mechanisms and their relationships with the development of chromosomal resistance gene clusters.
PubMed:[Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol residues in animal tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].
PubMed:The effects of a mixture of brown and black rice on lipid profiles and antioxidant status in rats.
PubMed:Role of the rpoS gene in the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater and fish homogenate.
PubMed:Survival and stress induced expression of groEL and rpoD of Campylobacter jejuni from different growth phases.
PubMed:Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from beef sampled from the slaughterhouse and from retailers in Dakar (Senegal).
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of enterococci isolated from frozen foods and environmental water.
PubMed:Profile of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in a Brazilian health care institution.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella from organic and conventional dairy farms.
PubMed:The pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa negatively affects the attraction response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to bacteria.
PubMed:Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks.
PubMed:Peer validation of a method to confirm chloramphenicol in honey by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in meat, seafood, egg, honey, milk, plasma and urine with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the validation of the method based on 2002/657/EC.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquaculture sources in Australia.
PubMed:Comparison of prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and occurrence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in antimicrobial-free and conventional pig production.
PubMed:Detection of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 by phage replication-competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of retail food and human Campylobacter isolates on the island of Ireland from 2001-2002.
PubMed:Characterisation of antimicrobial resistance patterns and class 1 integrons among Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and swine in Taiwan.
PubMed:Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Australia.
PubMed:[Cholera epidemic of 2004 in Dakar, Senegal: epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic aspects].
PubMed:Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken meat and humans in Thailand.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enteritidis from foods involved in human salmonellosis outbreaks in southern Brazil.
PubMed:Effects of water activity and temperature on the survival of Aspergillus carbonarius spores in vitro.
PubMed:Invasive multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in Africa: zoonotic or anthroponotic transmission?
PubMed:Characterisation and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from enterococci isolated from food.
PubMed:Serotype occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates recovered from pork carcasses in Taiwan (2000 through 2003).
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolated from imported foods.
PubMed:Genetic mechanisms contributing to reduced tetracycline susceptibility of Campylobacter isolated from organic and conventional dairy farms in the midwestern and northeastern United States.
PubMed:Performance characteristics of an analytical procedure for determining chloramphenicol residues in muscle tissue by gas chromatography-electron capture detection.
PubMed:Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from humans in France (1993 to 2003).
PubMed:Comparison of antibiotic resistance of udder pathogens in dairy cows kept on organic and on conventional farms.
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection].
PubMed:Prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella on ready-to-eat betel leaves (Paan) and in water used for soaking betel leaves in North Indian cities.
PubMed:Antimicrobial-drug susceptibility of human and animal Salmonella typhimurium, Minnesota, 1997-2003.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from retail raw chicken and beef meat, Tehran, Iran.
PubMed:Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 infection linked to commercial ground beef, northeastern United States, 2003-2004.
PubMed:Role of coresistance in the development of resistance to chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs.
PubMed:Evaluation of the Premi Test and comparison with the One-Plate Test for the detection of antimicrobials in kidney.
PubMed:External quality assurance system for antibiotic resistance in bacteria of animal origin in Europe (ARBAO-II), 2003.
PubMed:[Inter-laboratory validation studies of analytical method for determination of chloramphenicol in royal jelly].
PubMed:Studies on the stability of the chloramphenicol in the microemulsion free of alcohols.
PubMed:Chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic tissues.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcass samples from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolated from raw poultry meat at retail level in Denmark.
PubMed:Trends in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in non-typhoid Salmonellae from human and poultry origins in France.
PubMed:Development and validation of a thin-layer chromatographic method for determination of chloramphenicol residues on pharmaceutical equipment surfaces.
PubMed:Rapid method for determination of chloramphenicol residues in honey using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:[Prevalence of antibiotic resistant Enterococcus spp in waste waters in the north of Chile].
PubMed:Heterologous production of antimicrobial peptides in Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
PubMed:[Molecular epidemilogy, antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance of Escherichia coli 0175:H7 in Shichuan].
PubMed:[Analysis of chloramphenicol in shrimps by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Nontyphoidal Salmonella from human clinical cases, asymptomatic children, and raw retail meats in Yucatan, Mexico.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter in antimicrobial-free and conventional pig production systems.
PubMed:Ready-to-eat shrimp as an international vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
PubMed:Quantitative liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of chloramphenicol residues in food using sub-2 microm particulate high-performance liquid chromatography columns for sensitivity and speed.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance among Clostridium perfringens isolated from various sources in Thailand.
PubMed:Characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal seawater in peninsular Malaysia.
PubMed:Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from food in Khon Kaen, Thailand.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolates obtained from layer chicken houses on a commercial egg-producing farm in Japan, 1997 to 2002.
PubMed:Evidence of veterinary drug residues in Slovenian freshwater fish.
PubMed:Molecular mechanisms of resistance in multidrug-resistant serovars of Salmonella enterica isolated from foods in Germany.
PubMed:Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils isolated from Thymbra capitata L. (Cav.) andOriganum vulgare L.
PubMed:Diversity of the Trichocomaceae in the Katandra Nature Reserve, Central Coast, NSW, Australia.
PubMed:[Pellagra].
PubMed:A simple method of isolation of chloramphenicol in honey and its estimation by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the surface of chicken eggshells obtained in Argentina.
PubMed:Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolated from dairy farms.
PubMed:Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of chloramphenicol in cooked crab meat.
PubMed:Bacteria isolated from blood, stool and urine of typhoid patients in a developing country.
PubMed:Characterisation of a novel plasmid p9785S from Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785.
PubMed:A national surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in food-producing animals in Japan.
PubMed:Enterocin AS-48RJ: a variant of enterocin AS-48 chromosomally encoded by Enterococcus faecium RJ16 isolated from food.
PubMed:Role of efflux pumps and topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.
PubMed:Detection of Kluyveromyces marxianus and other spoilage yeasts in yoghurt using a PCR-culture technique.
PubMed:Enterococci from Tolminc cheese: population structure, antibiotic susceptibility and incidence of virulence determinants.
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium of animal origin obtained from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.
PubMed:Chemiluminescence immunoassay for chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp. from pigs at slaughter in Spain in 1993 and 2001.
PubMed:Optimization of technical conditions for the transformation of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains by electroporation.
PubMed:Use of an alpha-galactosidase gene as a food-grade selection marker for Streptococcus thermophilus.
PubMed:Expanding the bactericidal action of the food color additive phloxine B to gram-negative bacteria.
PubMed:Multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi in asymptomatic typhoid carriers among food handlers in Namakkal district, Tamil Nadu.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Shiga toxin (verotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 strains isolated from humans, cattle, sheep and food in Spain.
PubMed:Identification of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli recovered from humans and food animals.
PubMed:[Analysis of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and florfenicol in chicken by high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry].
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk, eggs, and tissues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of selected Salmonella isolates from food animals and food in Alberta.
PubMed:Presence of multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria in dairy farm topsoil.
PubMed:Antibiogram studies of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates from poultry and meat.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residue in fish and shrimp tissues by gas chromatography with a microcell electron capture detector.
PubMed:Characterization of the cro-ori region of the Streptococcus thermophilus virulent bacteriophage DT1.
PubMed:Selective growth-inhibiting effects of compounds identified in Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of integrons in non-typhoid Salmonella serovars isolated in Japan: description of an unusual class 2 integron.
PubMed:Isolation and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry litter.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of new probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains.
PubMed:Development of a liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in milk after alfa-1-acid glycoprotein affinity chromatography.
PubMed:The chloramphenicol resistance gene cmlA is disseminated on transferable plasmids that confer multiple-drug resistance in swine Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Characterization of a mutant Listeria monocytogenes strain expressing green fluorescent protein.
PubMed:A variant type of Vibrio cholerae SXT element in a multidrug-resistant strain of Vibrio fluvialis.
PubMed:Molecular characterization, technological properties and safety aspects of enterococci from 'Hussuwa', an African fermented sorghum product.
PubMed:Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food. Sixty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on food additives.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from broiler carcasses, food, human and poultry-related samples.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from finishing swine and the environment of 60 Alberta swine farms.
PubMed:Salmonella enterica isolates from faeces of domestic reptiles and a study of their antimicrobial in vitro sensitivity.
PubMed:Quantitative determination of chloramphenicol in milk powders by isotope dilution liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus in milk from large- and small-scale producers in Kenya.
PubMed:Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in agricultural foodstuffs.
PubMed:High prevalence of multiple resistance to antibiotics in Salmonella serovars isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse in Spain.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci isolated in Italy from raw meat products, farm animals, and human infections.
PubMed:[Drug resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci strains in food].
PubMed:Evidence for a new human CYP1A1 regulation pathway involving PPAR-alpha and 2 PPRE sites.
PubMed:In vitro antibiotic susceptibility of lactobacilli isolated from commercial products containing active lactobacilli.
PubMed:Evidence on the role of protein biosynthesis in the induction of heat tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by pressure pre-treatment.
PubMed:A European survey of antimicrobial susceptibility among zoonotic and commensal bacteria isolated from food-producing animals.
PubMed:The effect of different oral antibiotics on the gastrointestinal microflora of a wild rodent (Aethomys namaquensis).
PubMed:Validation of the official control method based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for identification of authorised probiotic yeast in animal feed.
PubMed:Survey of mycoflora and ochratoxin A in dried vine fruits from Argentina markets.
PubMed:Treatment of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with a sublethal concentration of trisodium phosphate or alkaline pH induces thermotolerance.
PubMed:Increased stress tolerance of Bifidobacterium longum and Lactococcus lactis produced during continuous mixed-strain immobilized-cell fermentation.
PubMed:Research note: Molecular subtyping of Salmonella enterica serovar Tshiongwe recently isolated in Malaysia during 2001-2002.
PubMed:Modifications and adaptations of the Charm II rapid antibody assay for chloramphenicol in honey.
PubMed:Microbiological quality of ground beef from conventionally-reared cattle and "raised without antibiotics" label claims.
PubMed:Single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation spectra and resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with a mutator phenotype.
PubMed:Cloth-based hybridization array system for the detection of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104.
PubMed:[Study on the determination of chloramphenicol residues in muscles and viscera of the livestock and poultry and in the shrimp].
PubMed:Rapid determination of chloramphenicol and its glucuronide in food products by liquid chromatography-electrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:A plasmid-encoded class 1 integron carrying sat, a putative phosphoserine phosphatase gene and aadA2 from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O159 isolated in Japan.
PubMed:Comparison of four methods for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from raw and pasteurized milk from northern Iran.
PubMed:An inter-laboratory evaluation of selective media for the detection and enumeration of yeasts from blue-veined cheese.
PubMed:"Multiplex PCR" identification of the atypical and monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- in São Paulo State, Brazil: frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and serotype prevalence of Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle in the southwestern United States.
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from human, food, and animal sources in the Republic of Ireland.
PubMed:Susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to various environmental stresses after cold shock treatment.
PubMed:Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical disease, and treatment.
PubMed:Committee on Drugs and Related Topics.
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes and genotypes among Salmonella enterica recovered from pigs on farms, from transport trucks, and from pigs after slaughter.
PubMed:Resuscitation of viable but non-culturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a minimum salt medium.
PubMed:Identification of a second flagellin gene and functional characterization of a sigma70-like promoter upstream of a Leptospira borgpetersenii flaB gene.
PubMed:Functional and safety aspects of Enterococci isolated from different Spanish foods.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from hog, beef, and chicken carcass samples from provincially inspected abattoirs in Ontario.
PubMed:Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157 in raw material and food in Czech Republic.
PubMed:Prevalence and molecular characterization of tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus isolates from food.
PubMed:Development of a rapid and sensitive SPE-LC-ESI MS/MS method for the determination of chloramphenicol in seafood.
PubMed:The acidic activation domains of the baculovirus transactivators IE1 and IE0 are functional for transcriptional activation in both insect and mammalian cells.
PubMed:Elimination of chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole and oxytetracycline in shrimp, Penaeus chinensis following medicated-feed treatment.
PubMed:Multilaboratory validation of a method to confirm chloramphenicol in shrimp and crabmeat by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Distribution and characterization of Campylobacter spp. from Russian poultry.
PubMed:The novel mutation K87E in ribosomal protein S12 enhances protein synthesis activity during the late growth phase in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in raw retail chickens and imported chicken portions.
PubMed:Prevalence of Arcobacter species in retail meats and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in Japan.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance genes, integrons and multiple antibiotic resistance in thirty-five serotypes of Salmonella enterica isolated from humans and animals in the UK.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from the Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring Program.
PubMed:Selective efficacy of culture media recommended for isolation and enumeration of Fusarium spp.
PubMed:Intrinsic mechanism decreases susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to multiple antibiotics.
PubMed:Development of a direct-binding chloramphenicol sensor based on thiol or sulfide mediated self-assembled antibody monolayers.
PubMed:Cross-resistance to antibiotics of Escherichia coli adapted to benzalkonium chloride or exposed to stress-inducers.
PubMed:Relationship between the effects of stress induced by human bile juice and acid treatment in Vibrio cholerae.
PubMed:Molecular structure and evolution of the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a raw-fermented sausage.
PubMed:Species distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from food of animal origin in Germany.
PubMed:Hemolytic and nonhemolytic vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from beef imported to Malaysia.
PubMed:Antibiotics in dust originating from a pig-fattening farm: a new source of health hazard for farmers?
PubMed:Studies of aerolysin promoters from different Aeromonas spp.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived dog treats in the USA.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility and occurrence of resistance genes among Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden from different countries.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000.
PubMed:Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in German Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, swine and poultry.
PubMed:Characterization of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 marR mutant.
PubMed:Identification and enumeration of Fusarium species in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of residues of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, and florfenicol amine in farmed aquatic species by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Nuclear receptor, pregname X receptor, is required for induction of UDP-glucuronosyltranferases in mouse liver by pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile.
PubMed:Isolation of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from retail meats purchased in Greater Washington, DC, USA.
PubMed:Proteolytic fungi isolated from decayed and damaged raw tomatoes and implications associated with changes in pericarp pH favorable for survival and growth of foodborne pathogens.
PubMed:Induction of an adaptive tolerance response in the foodborne pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni.
PubMed:Contaminated honey seized.
PubMed:[Effect of disinfectants on surface hydrophobicity and mobility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104].
PubMed:Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from imported foods.
PubMed:Analysis of chloramphenicol in honeys of different geographical origin by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Validation of an official control method for enumeration of authorised probiotic yeast in animal feed.
PubMed:Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food in Italy to antibiotics.
PubMed:A national outbreak of multi-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104 associated with consumption of lettuce.
PubMed:Incidence of haemolysin-positive and drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in freshly caught finfish and prawn collected from major commercial fishes of coastal South India.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from commercial broilers in northeastern Georgia.
PubMed:Exposure of Salmonella Enteritidis to chlorine or food preservatives decreases [corrected] susceptibility to antibiotics.
PubMed:The human colonic microflora influences the alterations of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by catechins in male F344 rats.
PubMed:Integron-containing IncU R plasmids pRAS1 and pAr-32 from the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida.
PubMed:The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in bovine faecal, rumen and carcass samples at a commercial abattoir.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry.
PubMed:Fossomatic cell-counting on ewe milk: comparison with direct microscopy and study of variation factors.
PubMed:Life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyrA and parC.
PubMed:Isolation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods in Greece.
PubMed:Moellerella wisconsensis: identification, natural antibiotic susceptibility and its dependency on the medium applied.
PubMed:Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction and gas chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in muscle tissue.
PubMed:[Excess mortality associated with antibiotic resistant Salmonella typhimurium].
PubMed:[Detection of residual antibiotics in honey with capillary electrophoresis].
PubMed:Characterization of integron mediated antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from diseased swine.
PubMed:Synthesis and screening of a molecularly imprinted polymer library targeted for penicillin G.
PubMed:Contaminated honey imports.
PubMed:Acid adaptation induces cross-protection against some environmental stresses in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O128, and O145 from animals and humans.
PubMed:Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis identified by multiplex PCR from animals.
PubMed:Barotolerance of Staphylococcus aureus is increased by incubation at below 0 degrees C prior to hydrostatic pressure treatment.
PubMed:Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from probiotic products.
PubMed:Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chickens in Spain.
PubMed:Haemotoxicity of thiamphenicol in the BALB/c mouse and Wistar Hanover rat.
PubMed:FDA steps up seafood sampling.
PubMed:[Acute diarrhea outbreak caused by Shigella flexneri at a school in Madrid, Cundinamarca: phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the isolates].
PubMed:Influence of composition of diluent on populations of yeasts and moulds recovered from raw fruits.
PubMed:Comparison of the Etest and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter.
PubMed:Subtyping of Salmonella typhimurium by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and comparisons with phage types and resistance types.
PubMed:Retrospective analysis of typhoid fever in a tropical tertiary health facility.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from swine.
PubMed:Botulism in a long-legged buzzard (Buteo rutinus).
PubMed:Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella newport--United States, January-April 2002.
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli O111 isolates of animal and human origin.
PubMed:Diversity in antimicrobial resistance and other characteristics among Salmonella typhimurium DT104 isolates.
PubMed:Pulsed field gel electrophoresis for animal Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates in Taiwan.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from marketed fish and prawn of South India.
PubMed:Profile of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies I) serotype 4,5,12:i:- strains causing food-borne infections in New York City.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. from animal sources in Spain in 1996 and 2000.
PubMed:Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella serovars isolated from humans and food animals.
PubMed:Analysis and monitoring of chloramphenicol residues in food of animal origin in Slovenia from 1991 to 2000.
PubMed:An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium, DT104L linked to dried anchovy in Singapore.
PubMed:[Studies on halophilic vibrios causing a food poisoning outbreak in the city of Vladivostok].
PubMed:Effect of antibiotics, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid and pyromellitic diimide on methanogenesis in rumen ciliate cultures in vitro.
PubMed:Occurrence of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104A in retail ground beef.
PubMed:Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from beef animal hides and carcasses.
PubMed:Role of collagen in adherence of Streptococcus uberis to bovine mammary epithelial cells.
PubMed:Characterization of chloramphenicol resistance in beta-hemolytic Escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in neonatal swine.
PubMed:Susceptibility of human isolates of Salmonella typhimurium DT 104 to antimicrobial agents used in human and veterinary medicine.
PubMed:Gradient diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.
PubMed:Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli in live and dressed poultry from metropolitan accra.
PubMed:Emergence of trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli in healthy persons in the absence of prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotics during travel to Guadalajara, Mexico.
PubMed:Performance of mycological media in enumerating desiccated food spoilage yeasts: an interlaboratory study.
PubMed:Sequence of the 50-kb conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 from Enterococcus faecalis RE25.
PubMed:Trichuris suis: detection of antibacterial activity in excretory-secretory products from adults.
PubMed:Comparison of culture media, simplate, and petrifilm for enumeration of yeasts and molds in food.
PubMed:Plague and other human infections caused by Yersinia species.
PubMed:Label and extra label drug use in small ruminants.
PubMed:Comparison of selective media for the recovery and enumeration of probiotic yeasts from animal feed.
PubMed:Comparison of dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar with general purpose mycological media for enumerating food spoilage yeasts.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of starter culture bacteria used in Norwegian dairy products.
PubMed:Generation of class-selective monoclonal antibodies against the penicillin group.
PubMed:Prevalence of colonisation and resistance patterns of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in healthy, non-hospitalised persons in Switzerland.
PubMed:Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animals, foods of animal origin, and the environment of animal production in Canada, 1994-1997.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance in pasteurella and mannheimia: epidemiology and genetic basis.
PubMed:Use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and mechanisms of resistance.
PubMed:Detection and molecular characterization of Vibrio vulnificus from coastal waters of Malaysia.
PubMed:Exploitation of plasmid pMRC01 to direct transfer of mobilizable plasmids into commercial lactococcal starter strains.
PubMed:In vitro susceptibility to 15 antibiotics of vibrios isolated from penaeid shrimps in Northwestern Mexico.
PubMed:Occurrence of the vanA and vanC2/C3 genes in Enterococcus species isolated from poultry sources in Malaysia.
PubMed:Carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by healthy children.
PubMed:Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae gyrB mutants and interstrain transfer of coumermycin A(1) resistance.
PubMed:Changes in protein synthesis and morphology during acid adaptation of Propionibacterium freudenreichii.
PubMed:Variation in clonality and antibiotic-resistance genes among multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage-type U302 (MR U302) from humans, animals, and foods.
PubMed:Strain differences in haematological response to chloramphenicol succinate in mice: implications for toxicological research.
PubMed:Enterotoxin plasmid from Clostridium perfringens is conjugative.
PubMed:Improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:[Acute meningococcemia in a 4-month-old infant].
PubMed:Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Hong Kong: retrospective study of 167 laboratory-confirmed cases.
PubMed:Resistance patterns of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains isolated from animals, food and asymptomatic human carriers in Switzerland.
PubMed:Identification and molecular characterization of an efflux system involved in Pseudomonas putida S12 multidrug resistance.
PubMed:Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Materials on Human Intestinal Bacteria.
PubMed:Monitoring of domestic and imported eggs for veterinary drug residues by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
PubMed:Presence and changes in populations of yeasts on raw and processed poultry products stored at refrigeration temperature.
PubMed:Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Spp. (VRE) from Poultry.
PubMed:Drug Resistance in Bacteria Isolated From a Brazilian Hospital.
PubMed:Linkage of determinants for streptogramin A, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, and chloramphenicol resistance on a conjugative plasmid in Enterococcus faecium and dissemination of this cluster among streptogramin-resistant enterococci.
PubMed:Occurrence of itraconazole-tolerant micromycetes in the soil and food products.
PubMed:Habituation of Salmonella spp. at reduced water activity and its effect on heat tolerance.
PubMed:Effect of conjugated bile salts on antibiotic susceptibility of bile salt-tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates.
PubMed:An assessment of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol in the induction of aplastic anaemia in the BALB/c mouse.
PubMed:Cold shock induction of thermal sensitivity in Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Animal and human multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates expressing a plasmid-mediated CMY-2 AmpC beta-lactamase.
PubMed:Evaluation of in vitro reporter gene induction assays for use in a rapid prescreen for compound selection to test specificity in the Tg.AC mouse short-term carcinogenicity assay.
PubMed:Nutritional regulation of the fatty acid synthase promoter in vivo: sterol regulatory element binding protein functions through an upstream region containing a sterol regulatory element.
PubMed:New LL-diaminopimelic acid-containing actinomycetes from hypersaline, heliothermal and meromictic Antarctic Ekho Lake: Nocardioides aquaticus sp. nov. and Friedmanniella [correction of Friedmannielly] lacustris sp. nov.
PubMed:Genotypic and phenotypic relationship in Burkholderia pseudomallei indicates colonization with closely related isolates.
PubMed:Vancomycin resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of enterococci in raw meat.
PubMed:Cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria.
PubMed:Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from cases of acute appendicitis and ice-cream.
PubMed:Effect of different promoters on immune responses elicited by HIV-1 gag/env multigenic DNA vaccine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca nemestrina.
PubMed:Comparison of methods for enumeration of yeasts and molds in shredded low-moisture, part-skim mozzarella cheese.
PubMed:Lactobacillus farciminis MD, a newer strain with potential for bacteriocin and antibiotic assay.
PubMed:Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium DT104 isolated from Denmark and comparison with isolates from Europe and the United States.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from artisanal Naples-type salami.
PubMed:Augmentation of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium DT104 following exposure to penicillin derivatives.
PubMed:[Preliminary results of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the Netherlands].
PubMed:Multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in poultry.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of residues of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, florfenicol amine, and thiamphenicol in shrimp tissue by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.
PubMed:Physical and metabolic causes of sub-lethal damage in Listeria monocytogenes after long-term chilled storage at 4 degrees C.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of Irish Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: detection of class I integrons and assessment of genetic relationships by DNA amplification fingerprinting.
PubMed:Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
PubMed:Molecular characterisation of the dnaK operon of Lactobacillus sakei LTH681.
PubMed:Chromosomal integration of heterologous DNA in Escherichia coli with precise removal of markers and replicons used during construction.
PubMed:An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium DT104.
PubMed:Tissue-specific p53 expression in the nervous system.
PubMed:Nonthermal death of Escherichia coli.
PubMed:Screening for chloramphenicol residues in the tissues and fluids of treated cattle by the four plate test, Charm II radioimmunoassay and Ridascreen CAP-Glucuronid enzyme immunoassay.
PubMed:Effects of low doses of carcinogen and different antibodies on the splenic lymphoid system of p53 transgenic mice: morphometric and immunohistochemical studies.
PubMed:An expressional system of human cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 gene transcription.
PubMed:Detection of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 using multiplex and fluorogenic PCR.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from vegetables.
PubMed:Use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis as an epidemiological tool for analysis of sporadic associated strains of Salmonella typhi isolated in Taiwan.
PubMed:Investigation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Washington State.
PubMed:Two outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serotype typhimurium DT104 infections linked to raw-milk cheese in Northern California.
PubMed:Sequence analysis of plasmid pKJ50 from Bifidobacterium longum.
PubMed:Aspects of extraction, spiking and distribution in the determination of incurred residues of chloramphenicol in animal tissues.
PubMed:A plasmid-encoded two-component regulatory system involved in copper-inducible transcription in Lactococcus lactis.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli of the normal intestinal flora of swine.
PubMed:Adaptive response to cold temperatures in Vibrio vulnificus.
PubMed:Prevalence and characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from processed channel catfish.
PubMed:[Resistance of bovine and porcine Pasteurella to florfenicol and other antibiotics].
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus species.
PubMed:Comparative estrogenic activity of wine extracts and organochlorine pesticide residues in food.
PubMed:The enterotoxin D plasmid of Staphylococcus aureus encodes a second enterotoxin determinant (sej).
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance in oral/respiratory bacteria.
PubMed:Cloning and characterization of the promoter region of monkey thymidylate synthase gene.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. isolates from traditionally made fresh sausages in Greece.
PubMed:A collaborative study on media for the enumeration of yeasts in foods.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from food.
PubMed:Induction of acid resistance of Salmonella typhimurium by exposure to short-chain fatty acids.
PubMed:Analysis of antibiotics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Theory and methodology of antibiotic extraction from biomatrices.
PubMed:Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and thiamphenicol residues in milk by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.
PubMed:Vag8, a Bordetella pertussis bvg-regulated protein.
PubMed:Characterization of LlaCI, a new restriction-modification system from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris W15.
PubMed:Towards developing HIV-2 lentivirus-based retroviral vectors for gene therapy: dual gene expression in the context of HIV-2 LTR and Tat.
PubMed:Heat shock response enhances acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7.
PubMed:Lack of carcinogenicity of thiamphenicol in F344 rats.
PubMed:Electrotransformation of Lactobacillus plantarum using linearized plasmid DNA.
PubMed:Enteropathogenic bacteria in the La Paz River of Bolivia.
PubMed:Regulation of expression of the Lactobacillus pentosus xylAB operon.
PubMed:Mycoflora of paddy and milled rice produced in the region of northeastern Argentina and southern Paraguay.
PubMed:Identification of functional elements in the promoter region of the human gene for thymidylate synthase and nuclear factors that regulate the expression of the gene.
PubMed:Planar chromatography for the multiclass, multiresidue screening of chloramphenicol, nitrofuran, and sulfonamide residues in pork and beef.
PubMed:Carbaryl induces CYP1A1 gene expression in HepG2 and HaCaT cells but is not a ligand of the human hepatic Ah receptor.
PubMed:Enumeration of fungi in barley.
PubMed:Optimisation of methodology for enumeration of xerophilic yeasts from foods.
PubMed:An institutional outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis in Singapore.
PubMed:Photosensitized decontamination of blood with the silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4: no activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter.
PubMed:Fate and residues of 14C-chloramphenicol in laying chickens.
PubMed:Glucosinolates as bioactive components of Brassica vegetables: induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 in Hep G2 cells as assessed using transient transfection.
PubMed:Thyroid hormone and the gut: selective transcriptional activation of a villus-enterocyte marker.
PubMed:Regulation of human C-reactive protein gene expression by two synergistic IL-6 responsive elements.
PubMed:Drug resistance, plasmids, biotypes and susceptibility to bacteriophages of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Canada.
PubMed:Transcriptional regulation of the human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene by monofunctional inducers.
PubMed:[Epidemiological profile of non-typhi salmonellosis in a hospital in urban Madrid (1980-1994)].
PubMed:Adaptive acid tolerance response in Listeria monocytogenes: isolation of an acid-tolerant mutant which demonstrates increased virulence.
PubMed:Enumeration of xerophilic yeasts in the presence of xerophilic moulds: a collaborative study.
PubMed:Evaluation of modified dichloran 18% glycerol (DG18) agar for enumerating fungi in wheat flour: a collaborative study.
PubMed:Comparison of dilution schemes for enumerating fungi in ground pepper: a collaborative study.
PubMed:Comparison of three selective media for detecting Fusarium species in foods: a collaborative study.
PubMed:Investigating the use of the chymosin-sensitive sequence of kappa-casein as a cleavable linker site in fusion proteins.
PubMed:Linoleic acid activates nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and induces NF-kappa B-dependent transcription in cultured endothelial cells.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni with reference to plasmid profiles of clinical and chicken isolates.
PubMed:The antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine dermatitis.
PubMed:Drug resistant bacteria in non carbonated mineral waters.
PubMed:A transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid from Vibrio cholerae O1.
PubMed:Drug resistance and biochemical characteristics of Salmonella from turkeys.
PubMed:Confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in egg by gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry and comparison of quantitation with gas chromatography-electron capture detection.
PubMed:Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of various Lactobacillus acidophilus strains.
PubMed:Characterization of macromolecular lignins as Epstein-Barr virus inducer in foodstuff associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk.
PubMed:Targeted and random mutagenesis of the Campylobacter coli chromosome with integrational plasmid vectors.
PubMed:Temperature-dependent membrane fatty acid and cell physiology changes in coccoid forms of Campylobacter jejuni.
PubMed:High levels of ripening-specific reporter gene expression directed by tomato fruit polygalacturonase gene-flanking regions.
PubMed:Homogeneous sample preparation of raw shrimp using dry ice.
PubMed:Mycological evaluation of chemically-treated unshelled peanuts.
PubMed:Starvation- and stationary-phase-induced acid tolerance in Escherichia coli O157:H7.
PubMed:Mechanism of chloramphenicol-induced modulation of mouse ileal motility.
PubMed:Four-laboratory validation study of the determination of chloramphenicol in veal calf urine.
PubMed:Evaluation of diluents and media for enumerating Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in blueberry syrup.
PubMed:Mycotoxin-producing potential of fungi isolated from amaranth seeds in Argentina.
PubMed:Functional structure of the promoter region of the human thymidylate synthase gene and nuclear factors that regulate the expression of the gene.
PubMed:Superantigen-induced transcriptional activation of the human TNF gene promoter in T cells.
PubMed:A one-plate microbiological screening test for antibiotic residue testing in kidney tissue and meat: an alternative to the EEC four-plate method?
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography in foies gras.
PubMed:Native promoter-plasmid vector system for heterologous cholesterol oxidase synthesis in Streptococcus thermophilus.
PubMed:Characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Washington State, 1984-1991.
PubMed:Immunochemical detection of antibiotics and sulfonamides.
PubMed:Salmonella and the international food trade.
PubMed:First isolation of Salmonella blockley in Thailand.
PubMed:Cloning and initial characterization of the promoter region of the rat cysteine-rich intestinal protein gene.
PubMed:Optimization of the analytical performance of the magnetic sector mass spectrometer for the identification of residual chloramphenicol in shrimp.
PubMed:Promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of Lactobacillus pentosus genes involved in xylose catabolism.
PubMed:Screening of chloramphenicol residues in pork muscle by planar chromatography.
PubMed:The normal mycoflora of commodities from Thailand. 2. Beans, rice, small grains and other commodities.
PubMed:Increase caused by interleukin-6 in promoter activity of guinea pig liver transglutaminase gene.
PubMed:IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) is a conditional repressor of IFN inducible promoters.
PubMed:Withdrawal of chloramphenicol for food animals.
PubMed:Susceptibilities of Listeria species isolated from food to nine antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:Reassessment of the differential effects of ultraviolet and ionizing radiation on HIV promoter: the use of cell survival as the basis for comparisons.
PubMed:Gas chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol residues in shrimp: interlaboratory study.
PubMed:International validation study for the determination of chloramphenicol in bovine muscle.
PubMed:Chemically selected subclones of the CEM cell line demonstrate resistance to HIV-1 infection resulting from a selective loss of NF-kappa B DNA binding proteins.
PubMed:[Microbial drug resistance and the presence of plasmids in Salmonella strains isolated from different sources].
PubMed:Enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhoeal diseases.
PubMed:Glycine betaine confers enhanced osmotolerance and cryotolerance on Listeria monocytogenes.
PubMed:Expression of cysteine-rich intestinal protein in rat intestine and transfected cells is not zinc dependent.
PubMed:A variant of the staphylococcal chloramphenicol resistance plasmid pC194 with enhanced ability to transform Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
PubMed:[Vibrio cholerae strains resistant to vibriostatic factor 0/129 isolated from a patient with cholera in Poland].
PubMed:Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. Monographs prepared by the Forty-second Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
PubMed:The normal mycoflora of commodities from Thailand. 1. Nuts and oilseeds.
PubMed:5' sequences of rubella virus RNA stimulate translation of chimeric RNAs and specifically interact with two host-encoded proteins.
PubMed:Bacillus cereus and related species.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol residues in eggs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
PubMed:[Infection with multi-resistant Salmonella virchow acquired in Denmark].
PubMed:Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by UVA radiation in combination with psoralens or angelicins.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic analysis of antibacterial drug residues in food products of animal origin.
PubMed:Directed genomic integration, gene replacement, and integrative gene expression in Streptococcus thermophilus.
PubMed:Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: IV. Rank-ordered potency of 24 chemical responses detected in a sensitive new assay procedure.
PubMed:Selective media for detecting and enumerating foodborne yeasts.
PubMed:The effect of thiamin on the activation of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase in Euglena gracilis.
PubMed:Identification of promoter region of guinea pig liver transglutaminase gene.
PubMed:[Effectiveness of the BR-Test and the Intest in the determination of chemotherapeutic residues in raw and preserved milk].
PubMed:[Characteristics of Salmonella strains isolated from different environments in the years 1982-1993].
PubMed:[Typhoid fever in South Vietnam, 1990-1993].
PubMed:Human interferon consensus sequence binding protein is a negative regulator of enhancer elements common to interferon-inducible genes.
PubMed:Competitive Growth of Genetically Marked Malolactic-Deficient Lactobacillus plantarum in Cucumber Fermentations.
PubMed:Spectral effects in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by psoralens plus ultraviolet A treatment.
PubMed:Automated high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in milk and swine muscle tissue using on-line immunoaffinity sample clean-up.
PubMed:Characterization of norepinephrine-stimulated protein synthesis in rat brown adipocytes.
PubMed:Drug residue analysis using immunoaffinity chromatography.
PubMed:Controlled Integration into the Lactococcus Chromosome of the pCI829-Encoded Abortive Infection Gene from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis UC811.
PubMed:Media for detecting and enumerating yeasts and moulds.
PubMed:An analytical study of antibacterial residues in meat: the simultaneous determination of 23 antibiotics and 13 drugs using gas chromatography.
PubMed:Salmonella in foods of animal origin: enterotoxigenicity and antibiogram.
PubMed:Reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of ethyl-methanesulfonate-treated CEM subclones correlates with a blockade in their protein kinase C signaling pathway.
PubMed:Bioavailability and bioinequivalence of drug formulations in small animals.
PubMed:The cis-acting 3'-element of rubella virus RNA has DNA promoter activity.
PubMed:Mobilization and location of the genetic determinant of chloramphenicol resistance from Lactobacillus plantarum caTC2R.
PubMed:[Comparison of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from swine and humans in Guipuzcoa].
PubMed:Persistent diarrhea and malnutrition--the impact of treatment on small bowel structure and permeability.
PubMed:High-Frequency Plasmid Transduction by Lactobacillus gasseri Bacteriophage phiadh.
PubMed:[Determination of antibiotic residues in some food products of animal origin].
PubMed:Genetic method to identify regulons controlled by nonessential elements: isolation of a gene dependent on alternate transcription factor sigma B of Bacillus subtilis.
PubMed:Identification of sequences within the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA 3'-untranslated region that mediate mRNA stabilization induced by mitogen treatment of EL-4 thymoma cells.
PubMed:Detection of antibiotic and sulfonamide residues in bob veal calf tissues: 967 cases (1987-1988).
PubMed:Chromosomal integration of plasmid DNA by homologous recombination in Enterococcus faecalis and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis hosts harboring Tn919.
PubMed:A survey of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales during 1984-1987.
PubMed:Incidence of heat-resistant fungi in Nsukka, southern Nigeria.
PubMed:Analysis of chloramphenicol residues in swine tissues and milk: comparative study using different screening and quantitative methods.
PubMed:Hypersensitivity in humans and exposure to veterinary drugs.
PubMed:[Yersinia enterocolitica strains of bovine origin isolated in San Luis, Argentina: virulence, enterotoxigenicity, and antibiotic sensitivity].
PubMed:Typhoid in North London.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance among Salmonella from human and other sources in New Zealand.
PubMed:Generation of deletions in pTV1ts following transformation of Staphylococcus aureus protoplasts.
PubMed:Pathogenicity of foodborne Salmonella.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol 4. Responsible topical use in ophthalmology.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol 3. Clinical pharmacology of systemic use in the horse.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol 1. Hazards of use and the current regulatory environment.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance among coliform bacteria isolated from carcasses of commercially slaughtered chickens.
PubMed:[Listeriosis of the central nervous system].
PubMed:Trace analysis of chloramphenicol residues in egg powders by capillary gas chromatography-electron capture detection.
PubMed:Incidence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in foods available in Taiwan.
PubMed:Heat shock protein synthesis and thermotolerance in Salmonella typhimurium.
PubMed:Sensitive streptavidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid screening of chloramphenicol residues in swine muscle tissue.
PubMed:Hepatotoxicity of geniposide in rats.
PubMed:[Drug residues in food fish].
PubMed:Thymidylate synthase gene from Lactococcus lactis as a genetic marker: an alternative to antibiotic resistance genes.
PubMed:A comparison of different enrichment media for the isolation of Salmonella dublin from livers, kidneys and muscles of Salmonella-positive veal calves.
PubMed:Application of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of chloramphenicol and three related compounds.
PubMed:cis-acting elements responsible for interleukin-6 inducible C-reactive protein gene expression.
PubMed:New food safety initiatives in the Food and Drug Administration.
PubMed:Rapid monitoring of chloramphenicol in microsamples of plasma by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.
PubMed:[Behavior of drug resistant fecal coliforms and R plasmids in a wastewater treatment plant].
PubMed:Plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens by electroporation methods.
PubMed:Characterization of plasmids that confer inducible resistance to 14-membered macrolides and streptogramin type B antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus.
PubMed:Stacking of three different restriction and modification systems in Lactococcus lactis by cotransformation.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline residues in milk and tissues from cows and bullocks treated with an injectable formulation.
PubMed:Monoclonal antibody-mediated clean-up procedure for the high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of chloramphenicol in milk and eggs.
PubMed:Potentiation of ferrous sulphate and ascorbate on the microbial transformation of endogenous trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine and dimethylamine in squid extracts.
PubMed:A chloroplast gene encoding a protein with one zinc finger.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibilities of halophilic vibrios.
PubMed:Effect of antibiotics in controlling the production of cell wall degrading enzymes in vitro and disease development in vivo.
PubMed:[Concepts of pharmacy employees concerning the management of diarrhea in children].
PubMed:Effect of temperature and htpR on the biosynthesis of superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli.
PubMed:[Determination of the sanitary quality and detection of Salmonella spp and Yersinia enterocolitica in ice cream].
PubMed:Construction of an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens.
PubMed:Alterations of life span in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under monoxenic culture conditions.
PubMed:Salmonella mbandaka isolated in Italy. 1979-1986.
PubMed:[Occurrence in the environment and among the population of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic Escherichia].
PubMed:[Analysis of chloramphenicol in milk and animal tissues using the gas chromatography method].
PubMed:[Determination of residues of chloramphenicol in food of animal origin].
PubMed:Further data to the aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
PubMed:Microbial metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: isolation and characterization of a pyrene-degrading bacterium.
PubMed:Effect of chloramphenicol and lincomycin on chloroplast DNA amplification in greening pea leaves.
PubMed:Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in young goats.
PubMed:The spectrum of Salmonella infection.
PubMed:Compliance with recommended drug withdrawal requirements for dairy cows sent to market in Michigan.
PubMed:[Residues of active substances after consumption of contaminated food: status report on the evaluation of residues with examples of two drugs].
PubMed:Studies on the mechanism of translational enhancement by the 5'-leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA.
PubMed:The disposition of chloramphenicol in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived newborn pigs.
PubMed:Distribution of chloramphenicol in the genital tract of postpartum cows.
PubMed:A multicenter study of the in vitro antianaerobic activity of cefotetan compared with other antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:Monitoring for the development of antimicrobial resistance during the use of olaquindox as a feed additive on commercial pig farms.
PubMed:Microbial receptor assay for rapid detection and identification of seven families of antimicrobial drugs in milk: collaborative study.
PubMed:Experimental maintenance of the schistosome vector Biomphalaria glabrata on an improved alginate gel.
PubMed:Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antibacterial 4-quinolones.
PubMed:Bacteria of public health significance in blackcurrant juice.
PubMed:Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
PubMed:Determination of chloramphenicol in swine muscle tissue using a monoclonal antibody-mediated clean-up procedure.
PubMed:Phorbol ester enhances human immunodeficiency virus-promoted gene expression and acts on a repeated 10-base-pair functional enhancer element.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella newport traced through hamburger to dairy farms.
PubMed:Role ofCristispira sp. and other bacteria in the chitinase and chitobiase activities of the crystalline style ofCrassostrea virginica (Gmelin).
PubMed:An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of chloramphenicol using a monoclonal antibody. Application to residues in swine muscle tissue.
PubMed:Effect of temperature shifts on extracellular proteinase-specific mRNA pools in Pseudomonas fluorescens B52.
PubMed:[Method for the simultaneous determination of residues of chemotherapeutic agents, antiparasitic agents and growth promoters in food of animal origin. 3. Determination of chloramphenicol and meticlorpindol].
PubMed:Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella newport traced through hamburger to dairy farms. A major persisting source of human salmonellosis in California.
PubMed:Characterization of mesosomes of Micrococcus luteus: isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of penicillin-binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.
PubMed:Comparison between the influence of carbadox and that of traditional antibiotics on the resistance of enterobacteria in pigs.
PubMed:Drug-resistant Salmonella in the United States: an epidemiologic perspective.
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of Yersinia enterocolitica in Taipei.
PubMed:Early home oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in primary health care.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol in food-producing animals.
PubMed:Selective medium for isolation of Fusarium species and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from cereals.
PubMed:[Multimethod for the determination of residues of chemotherapeutic drugs, antiparasitic agents and growth promotors in foodstuffs of animal origin. 1. General procedure and determination of sulfonamides].
PubMed:Influence of the virulence plasmid and the Congo red reaction on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia species.
PubMed:An outbreak of typhoid fever in Chandigarh, North India.
PubMed:High-performance liquid chromatographic screening and confirmation methods for chloramphenicol residues in meat with off-line cartridge sample clean-up and on-line diode array UV-VIS detection.
PubMed:Indirect spectrophotometric methods for the determination of antibiotics with iodine or periodate, and metol and sulphanilamide.
PubMed:Genetic mapping of nuclear mucidin resistance mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A new pdr locus on chromosome II.
PubMed:Malabsorption due to selected oral antibiotics.
PubMed:[Gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics in foods].
PubMed:Review of chromatographic methods for chloramphenicol residues in milk, eggs, and tissues from food-producing animals.
PubMed:Selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. XX. Typhoid fever.
PubMed:[Why still using chloramphenicol?].
PubMed:An outbreak of multiple-drug-resistant Salmonella enteritis from raw milk.
PubMed:Pathologic rupture of the spleen due to Salmonella dublin infection.
PubMed:[Regulation of foreign compounds in meat and meat products in the conflict between politics versus toxicology].
PubMed:Use of chloramphenicol in the United States.
PubMed:[The search for Yersinia enterocolitica in vegetables treated by a cold line in school cafeterias in Montpellier].
PubMed:[Criteria for the use of chloramphenicol in breeding farms in Italy].
PubMed:The veterinary use of chloramphenicol in the United Kingdom.
PubMed:[Chloramphenicol: viewpoint and regulations in Switzerland].
PubMed:Standard residue regulations for chloramphenicol in Spain.
PubMed:Effect of chronic undernutrition on glucuronide and glutathione conjugation in rat liver.
PubMed:[Chloramphenicol residues and their toxicity].
PubMed:[Virulence and enterotoxigenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from foods and other biological material].
PubMed:Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophilic, freshwater methanogen.
PubMed:Plasmid coding for transferable drug resistance in bacteria isolated from cultured rainbow trout.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol use in food-producing animals.
PubMed:Dependence of betaine stimulation of vitamin b(12) overproduction on protein synthesis.
PubMed:The hazard of using chloramphenicol in food animals.
PubMed:Experimental in vitro approach to the study of covalent associations.
PubMed:[Resistance to antibiotics of Proteus strains from various sources].
PubMed:Effect of chlortetracycline on the spread of R-100 plasmid-containing Escherichia coli BEL15R from experimentally infected pigs to uninfected pigs and chicks.
PubMed:Does the use of chloramphenicol in animals jeopardise the treatment of human infections?
PubMed:[Sensitivity to 11 antimicrobials in strains of Salmonella isolated from products of animal origin].
PubMed:[Chloramphenicol residues in foods of animal origin as a potential cause of aplastic anemia in man].
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination and mass spectrometric confirmation of chloramphenicol residues in animal tissues.
PubMed:[Residues of chloramphenicol in food of animal origin as a possible cause of aplastic anemia in man].
PubMed:A selective and indicative medium for groups of Penicillium viridicatum producing different mycotoxins in cereals.
PubMed:[Current use of growth promoters for the calf].
PubMed:Antibiotic resistant coliform bacilli, isolated from freshly slaughtered poultry and from chilled poultry at retail outlets.
PubMed:Direct transfer of coliphage lambda DNA from Escherichia coli to cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
PubMed:Transferable drug resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from antibiotic-fed chickens.
PubMed:A note on the antibiotic susceptibilities of Clostridium perfringens serotypes isolated from meat.
PubMed:Comparison of different agar diffusion methods for the detection of residues in the kidneys of pigs treated with antimicrobial drugs.
PubMed:[Not Available].
PubMed:Effect of the inhibition of nucleic acids and protein synthesis upon the development of melanotic tumors in Drosophila.
PubMed:The role of chloramphenicol in pediatric therapy.
PubMed:Bottled beverages and typhoid fever: the Mexican epidemic of 1972-73.
PubMed:[A survey on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine (author's transl)].
PubMed:UV light-induced survival response in a highly radiation-resistant isolate of the Moraxella-Acinetobacter group.
PubMed:[The problem of the use of antibiotics in animal production and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in man].
PubMed:Effect of cooking and cold storage on biologically active antibiotic residues in meat.
PubMed:What to do until the FDA arrives.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in Europe and the United States.
PubMed:Furazolidone resistance in Salmonella gallinarum: the relationship between in vitro and in vivo determinations of resistance.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in an adult.
PubMed:Chemically induced leukemia in humans.
PubMed:Non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in the United States: clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory characteristics of sporadic cases.
PubMed:Salmonellosis.
PubMed:Antibiotic residues in meat in the United Kingdom; an assessment of specific tests to detect and identify antibiotic residues.
PubMed:High performance liquid chromatographic determination of chloramphenicol in milk.
PubMed:Alteration of Host Specificity to Lytic Bacteriophages in Streptococcus cremoris.
PubMed:Availability and usage of new antibacterial drugs in Europe.
PubMed:Effect of penicillin and virginiamycin on drug resistance in lactose-fermenting enteric flora.
PubMed:Further observations on chloramphenicol toxicosis in cats.
PubMed:A study of drug residues in milk following intrauterine infusion of antibacterial drugs in lactating cows.
PubMed:Incidence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli associated with frozen chicken carcasses and characterization of conjugative R plasmids derived from such strains.
PubMed:[Salmonella-meningitis in the newborn (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Resistance of Staphylococcus-aureus strains, isolated from food, to antibiotics].
PubMed:Dissolution systems for chloramphenicol tablet bioavailability.
PubMed:[Detection of chloramphenicol residues in eggs].
PubMed:Course of antibiotic sensitivities in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from animals.
PubMed:[Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistant E. coli strains in faeces from young pigs and calves in Denmark].
PubMed:[Comparison of methods for the quantitative detection of moulds in foods. III. Comparison of different culture media for the mould plate count (author's transl)].
PubMed:A study of chloramphenicol distribution and residues in dairy cows.
PubMed:Chloramphenicol toxicosis in cats.
PubMed:Effect of low level chlortetracycline feeding on subsequent therapy of Escherichia coli infection in chickens.
PubMed:[Chromosomal structure or porcine lymphocytes effected by food additives].
PubMed:Chloramphenicol toxicity in dogs.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli O-serotypes from the gut and carcases of commercially slaughtered broiler chickens: a potential public health hazard.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance: the present situation reviewed.
PubMed:[Epidemiologic relationship of infections with Salmonella typhimurium in Switzerland studied by phage typing (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by the thin-layer chromatography method].
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from the broiler chicken industry in Ontario.
PubMed:Tissue concentrations of chloramphenicol after intramuscular injection in pigs.
PubMed:[A case of fowl cholera (Pasteurella multocida) in six-week-old broilers (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Clarification of a Salmonella typhimurium epidemic in north-eastern Switzerland by means of bacteriological and serological methods].
PubMed:The management of typhoid fever.
PubMed:A perspective on the use of antibiotics in animal feeds.
PubMed:[Residues of chloramphenicol in the calf organism following parenteral administration of the Czechoslovak preparation Chronicin inj].
PubMed:[Occurrence and distribution of drug resistant enterobacteria in extra enteral habitats (author's transl)].
PubMed:The incidence of antibiotic resistance among coliform bacteria isolated from food.
PubMed:[Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by the gas chromatography method].
PubMed:The effect of antibiotic therapy on the faecal excretion of Salmonella typhimurium by experimentally infected chickens.
PubMed:[Letter: Use of chloramphenicol not advisable in veterinary medicine? (author's transl)].
PubMed:Editorial: Chloramphenicol is not for food animals.
PubMed:Shigellosis in a neonate: successful treatment with an oral elemental diet.
PubMed:[Salmonellosis: retrospective study of 136 cases hospitalized at the C.H.U. of Tours].
PubMed:Antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals. Control mechanisms of governmental agencies.
PubMed:[Residues in hog carcasses following therapeutic administration of chloramphenicol].
PubMed:[Antibiotics in food products (review of the literature)].
PubMed:Letter: On medical imperialism.
PubMed:A summary of the bacteriology portion of the 1972 basic, comprehensive, and special, College of American Pathologists (CAP) Quality Evaluation Program.
PubMed:This is medical progress? Trends and consequences of antibiotic use in the United States.
PubMed:[Epidemiological studies of the bacillus of Whitmore in Africa].
PubMed:[The antibiotic sensitivity spectrum of strains of salmonella circulating in Rostov-on-Don].
PubMed:[Interaction of chloramphenicol with food and effect of food on penetration of the chloramphenicol into bile].
PubMed:Enteric and salmonella infection: the carrier state.
PubMed:[The development of antibiotics resistance among salmonella bacteria of animal origin in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin. 2nd communication: 1971 annual report (author's transl)].
PubMed:[The development of antibiotics resistance among salmonella bacteria of animal origin in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin. 1st communication: a comparison between the years of 1961 and 1970-71 (author's transl)].
PubMed:Indications and warnings about chloramphenicol.
PubMed:Effect of racephenicol on antibiotic resistance of lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria in chickens.
PubMed:Studies on the susceptibility of 150 consecutive clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, carbenicillin, and five other antimicrobials.
PubMed:Interactions of nutrients with oral contraceptives and other drugs.
PubMed:[Application of lysotyping for the differentiation of staphylococci from foods].
PubMed:Chloramphenicol over the counter.
PubMed:Solid food in typhoid fever.
PubMed:Proceedings: Bioavailability of antibiotics.
PubMed:Management of travellers' diarrhoea.
PubMed:R-factors of Escherichia coli from dressed beef and humans.
PubMed:Potential environmental chemical hazards. II. Feed additives and pesticides.
PubMed:[Effect of feeding antibiotics in nutritive doses on the development of resistance of intestinal coliform flora in pigs. 3. R infection of Salmonella in vivo].
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and R-factors in Escherichia coli from calves, meat and milk.
PubMed:Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination of hydrophilic contact lenses and solutions.
PubMed:[Value of etiotropic, immunostimulating and pathogenetic therapy of typhoid fever, food poisoning (salmonellosis) and acute dysentery].
PubMed:[Salmonella--serotypes and drug resistance (1966-1970)].
PubMed:[Effect of antibiotic feeding in nutritive doses on the resistance development of coliforme intestinal flora in pigs. 2. Spread of R-factors following the use of antibiotics in animal feed].
PubMed:Antibiotic sensitivity of Escherichia coli isolated from animals, food, hospital patients, and normal people.
PubMed:[Studies on antibiotic food additives on the resistance development of coliforme intestinal flora in pigs. 1. Feeding experiments with terramycin and chloramphenicol].
PubMed:[Detection of antibiotic residues within the framework of bacteriological meat inspection].
PubMed:Prevalence of extrachromosomal drug resistance. Bacterial drug resistance in animals.
PubMed:The public health implications of drug-resistant bacteria in farm animals.
PubMed:[Salmonelloses in a psychiatric clinic. A 2 year study].
PubMed:[Neonatal listeriosis--an epidemiological problem].
PubMed:Salmonella food poisoning with fresh fish and the effect of antibiotic therapy.
PubMed:Escherichia coli with resistance factors in vegetarians, babies, and nonvegetarians.
PubMed:Contamination of meat carcasses by antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria.
PubMed:Factors affecting the secretion of staphylococcal enterotoxin A.
PubMed:[Chloramphenicol therapy].
PubMed:Trichinosis in a zoo employee.
PubMed:A typhoid fever outbreak on a university campus.
PubMed:Effect of antibiotic therapy in acute salmonellosis on the fecal excretion of salmonellae.
PubMed:Isolation from sausages of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli with R factors.
PubMed:The problem of transferred resistance.
PubMed:Effects of selected food additives on growth of Pseudomonas fragi.
PubMed:Dynamics of incidence of antibiotic-(chemotherapeutic-) resistant E. coli in pigs and types of polyresistance of the isolated strains depending on addition of aureovit12 C20 to food.
PubMed:Nonspecific toxicites in the mouse assay test for botulinum toxin.
PubMed:[Observations in connection with the epidemic appearance of Salmonella panama 1966 in Switzerland].
PubMed:Aberdeen typhoid outbreak of 1964.
PubMed:A basic model for the evaluation and prediction of preservative action.
PubMed:A new procedure for the detection and enumeration of coagulase-positive staphylococci from frozen seafoods.
PubMed:The resistance to antibiotics of strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Poland.
PubMed:Application of replica plating and computer analysis for rapid identification of bacteria in some foods. I. Identification scheme.
PubMed:Bacteriophage types and antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococci from bovine milk and human nares.
PubMed:[Salmonelloses in children. I. Course of disease in sporadic salmonelloses].
PubMed:PHYSICIAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR DRUG PRESCRIPTION.
PubMed:AN EXTENSIVE OUTBREAK OF GASTROENTERITIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA NEWPORT. II. SOME CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON 488 HOSPITALIZED CASES AND THE RESULTS OF CULTURES.
PubMed:[Tasks of all physicians in the prevention of infectious intestinal diseases. Epidemiology and health education].
PubMed:[Research on the artificial purification of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamk.) with use of levo chloramphenicol].
PubMed:[An epidemic of staphylococcal enteritis following consumption of potato salad].
PubMed:DERMATOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF THE PRESENCE OF PENICILLIN IN MILK.
PubMed:THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE CONTROL OF MASTITIS.
PubMed:HOSPITAL SALMONELLOSIS. A REPORT OF 23 CASES OF GASTROENTERITIS CAUSED BY SALMONELLA INFANTIS.
PubMed:THE CONTROL OF TYPHOID FEVER.
PubMed:A CASE OF HUMAN BOTULISM DUE TO HOME-PRESERVED CANTALOUPE.
PubMed:FREQUENCY OF RESISTANCE TO TETRACYCLINE AND CHLORAMPHENICOL AMONG SALMONELLA STRAINS ISOLATED IN THE NETHERLANDS IN 1962.
PubMed:[CLINICAL FINDINGS OF BACTERIAL FOOD POISONING CAUXED BY VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS].
PubMed:[CLINICAL ASPECTS AND THERAPY OF SALMONELLOSES].
PubMed:[ON BACTERIAL EXCRETION IN FOOD POISONING OF SALMONELLA ETIOLOGY].
PubMed:[Preliminary study of the use of an intestinal antiseptic antibiotic association].
PubMed:EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON SALT ABSORPTION BY PLANTS. HW-76000.
PubMed:Further studies on staphylococci in meats. IV. The bacteriophage pattern and antibiotic sensitivity of isolates from nonfrozen meats.
PubMed:[Studies on the changes in the intestinal flora by the administration of antibiotics. 5. On low-level, longterm administration of chloramphenicol. (Appendix: Food preservation effect of chloramphenicol)].
PubMed:[Chemoprophylaxis of food poisoning caused especially by Salmonella bareilly].
PubMed:Salmonella food poisoning due to duck eggs with a trial of chloramphenicol on the carrier state.
PubMed:BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN ADULTS-Causes and Treatment.
PubMed:DIFFUSION PLATE ASSAY FOR CHLORAMPHENICOL AND AUREOMYCIN.
 
Notes:
an antibiotic first isolated from cultures of streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. it has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. it acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (from martindale, the extra pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
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