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bacitracin
parentracin

Supplier Sponsors

CAS Number: 1405-87-4Picture of molecule3D/inchi
Other(deleted CASRN):12640-37-8
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:215-786-2
FDA UNII: 58H6RWO52I
MDL:MFCD00062640
XlogP3-AA:-4.10 (est)
Molecular Weight:1422.71811000
Formula:C66 H103 N17 O16 S
BioActivity Summary:listing
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
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PubMed:Search
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Physical Properties:
Appearance:white to pale tan powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point:1750.07 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point:1854.00 °F. TCC ( 1012.20 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.050 (est)
Soluble in:
 water, 0.01156 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
American International Chemical, LLC.
Bacitracin
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
Bacitracin >98%
Odor: characteristic
Use: Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy, which disrupts both gram positive and gram negative bacteria by interfering with cell wall and peptidoglycan synth
EMD Millipore
For experimental / research use only.
Bacitracin
Glentham Life Sciences
Bacitracin
Santa Cruz Biotechnology
For experimental / research use only.
Bacitracin
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
Bacitracin from Bacillus licheniformis, ≥50,000 U/g
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-guinea pig LD50 2000 mg/kg
Antibiotics and Chemotherapy Vol. 4, Pg. 304, 1954.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 300 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD277-689

intravenous-mouse LD50 360 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 64, Pg. 503, 1947.

oral-mouse LD50 > 3750 mg/kg
Antimicrobial Agents Annual. Vol. -, Pg. 595, 1960.

oral-quail LD50 > 316 mg/kg
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. Vol. 6, Pg. 149, 1982.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 190 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 64, Pg. 503, 1947.

Dermal Toxicity:
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 1300 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 64, Pg. 503, 1947.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
Recommendation for bacitracin usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Recommendation for bacitracin flavor usage levels up to:
 not for flavor use.
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):1405-87-4
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :2283
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
Chemidplus:0001405874
RTECS:CP0175000 for cas# 1405-87-4
 
References:
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:1405-87-4
Pubchem (cid):2283
Pubchem (sid):134981168
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
KEGG (GenomeNet):C01667
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB14764
FooDB:FDB011940
Export Tariff Code:2941.90.1050
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
None Found
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
 ak-tracin
 bacitracina
 bacitracinum
 campho-phenique triple plus pain reliever
 HSDB 6418
 mycitracin plus pain reliever
 parentracin
 spectrocin plus
 zutracin
 

Articles:

PubMed:Abundance of pathogens in the gut and litter of broiler chickens as affected by bacitracin and litter management.
PubMed:Response of S. thermophilus LMD-9 to bacitracin: involvement of a BceRS/AB-like module and of the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide synthesis pathway.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus strains isolated from primary starters for African traditional bread production and characterization of the bacitracin operon and bacitracin biosynthesis.
PubMed:Characterization of Enterococci from Food and Food-Related Settings.
PubMed:Enterotoxin-Encoding Genes in Staphylococcus spp. from Food Handlers in a University Restaurant.
PubMed:[Method of determining bacitracin residues in animal husbandry food products].
PubMed:Quantitative analysis of polypeptide antibiotic residues in a variety of food matrices by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and zinc bacitracin as dietary additives for broiler chickens.
PubMed:Effects of diet, bacitracin, and body weight restrictions on the intestine of broiler chicks.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic analysis of bacitracin methylene disalicylate in feed.
PubMed:Effects of diet and bacitracin on growth, feed efficiency, and populations of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of broiler chicks.
PubMed:The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus and bacitracin on layer performance of chickens and cholesterol content of plasma and egg yolk.
PubMed:Response of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to dietary supplementation of zinc bacitracin.
PubMed:Batch variability of bacitracin: HPLC versus MEKC.
PubMed:Responses of broilers to dietary zinc bacitracin at two different planes of nutrition.
PubMed:Effects of zinc bacitracin, bird age and access to range on bacterial microbiota in the ileum and caeca of broiler chickens.
PubMed:Response of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with roxarsone and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in diets containing narasin.
PubMed:Optimization of HPLC method for stability testing of bacitracin.
PubMed:Failure of procaine penicillin and zinc bacitracin to modify the response of the fowl to stressors.
PubMed:The bioefficacy of zinc bacitracin in practical diets for broilers and laying hens.
PubMed:Collaborative study of a microbiological screening method (three-plate) for the banned antimicrobial growth promotors tylosin, virginiamycin, spiramycin, zinc bacitracin and avoparcin in animal feed.
PubMed:The effects of lactoferrin on the intestinal environment of broiler chickens.
PubMed:Prevalence, characterization, and antimicrobial resistance of Aeromonas strains from various retail food products in Mumbai, India.
PubMed:Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate involvement in susceptibility of Bacillus subtilis to rare earth elements.
PubMed:The use of bacitracin as a growth promoter in animals produces no risk to human health.
PubMed:Bacitracin methylene disalicylate in broiler breeder feeds.
PubMed:Further observations on the effect of feeding diets containing avoparcin, bacitracin and sodium arsenilate on the colonization of the alimentary tract of poultry by salmonella organisms.
PubMed:Relationship between endogenous protein disulfide isomerase family proteins and glutenin macropolymer.
PubMed:The effect of dietary zinc bacitracin on the resistance status of intestinal Escherichia coli and enterococci from broiler chickens.
PubMed:[Thermal effects on the feed additive, zinc bacitracin].
PubMed:The influence of zinc bacitracin on the colonization of Salmonella infantis in the intestine of broiler chickens.
PubMed:Response of broiler chickens to addition of bacitracin methylene disalicylate and roxarsone to diets containing halofuginone.
PubMed:[Stress-protecting effects of orally administered zinc bacitracin in rats].
PubMed:Zinc bacitracin enhances colonization by the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli in experimentally infected layer hens.
PubMed:Biofilm formation of Clostridium perfringens and its exposure to low-dose antimicrobials.
PubMed:Novel whole-cell Reporter Assay for Stress-Based Classification of Antibacterial Compounds Produced by Locally Isolated Bacillus spp.
PubMed:[Antibiotic residues in organs and muscle tissues of broilers. I. Bacitracin, flavomycin, spiramycin and viriniamycin residues following administration of diets containing low levels of these antibiotics (author's transl)].
PubMed:[Model experiments to increase zinc bacitracin efficacy].
PubMed:Determination of bacitracin in animal feeds that contain copper.
PubMed:An improved method for the determination of bacitracin in animal feeds.
PubMed:[Prevention of bacterial infections after bone marrow graft by broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, absorbable (pefloxacin, penicillin) and non absorbable (cephalosporin, gentamycin, bacitracin)].
PubMed:The international standard for bacitracin.
PubMed:Effects of probiotics: alone and in a mixture of Biosacc plus Zinc Bacitracin on the caecal microflora of Japanese quail.
PubMed:Determination of hydrocortisone, polymyxin B and Zn-bacitracin in pharmaceutical preparations by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
PubMed:[Method of bacitracin determination in milk, meat, edible organs of slaughtered animals and poultry eggs].
PubMed:Effects of zinc bacitracin, dried bakery product and different fish meals in diets of young turkeys.
PubMed:Evaluation of antibiotic effects on phosphorus digestibility and utilization by growing-finishing pigs fed a phosphorus-deficient, corn-soybean meal diet.
PubMed:Antibiotic growth promotion: effects of bacitracin and oxytetracycline on intestines and selected lymphoid tissues of New Hampshire cockerels.
PubMed:Observations on the growth-promoting effects of procaine penicillin and zinc bacitracin on chicks in different environments.
PubMed:A multi-residue method for the determination of seven polypeptide drug residues in chicken muscle tissues by LC-MS/MS.
PubMed:Optimal conditions for determination of zinc bacitracin, polymyxin B, oxytetracycline and sulfacetamide in animal feed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
PubMed:Characterization and transfer of antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria from fermented food products.
PubMed:TelA contributes to the innate resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to nisin and other cell wall-acting antibiotics.
PubMed:The interaction of food additives and protein content in broiler diets.
PubMed:Detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from cattle and pigs slaughtered in abattoirs in Vhembe District, South Africa.
PubMed:Bismuth subgallate/borneol (suile) is superior to bacitracin in the human forearm biopsy model for acute wound healing.
PubMed:PREVALENCE, BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF AEROMONADS, VIBRIOS, AND PLESIOMONADS ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AT A ZOO.
PubMed:A dietary-driven redox modulation of gut microbiome-host interactions: the rescue of epithelial barrier and mucus production during dysbiosis by dietary nitrate.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile colitis: review of the therapeutic approach.
PubMed:[Resistance of Staphylococcus-aureus strains, isolated from food, to antibiotics].
PubMed:Effects of selected food additives on growth of Pseudomonas fragi.
PubMed:A practical evaluation of five food additives likely to be used as growth promoters in broiler rations.
PubMed:Reduction of Clostridium perfringens by feed additive antibiotics in the ceca of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.
PubMed:Multiple-antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium from cecal contents in broiler chicken and turkey flocks slaughtered in Canada and plasmid colocalization of tetO and ermB genes.
PubMed:Use of ducks as a model to study the effect of antibiotics in feed on the fecal shedding of Salmonella.
PubMed:Studies on the response of guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) to antibiotics.
PubMed:Effect of growth promoters on monensin toxicity in broiler chicks.
PubMed:Microbiology of keribo fermentation: an Ethiopian traditional fermented beverage.
PubMed:Effects of diet and antimicrobials on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal Clostridium perfringens, and ileal weight of broiler chicks.
PubMed:[New drugs for horses and production animals in 2011].
PubMed:Prebiotics modulate immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of chickens.
PubMed:Microbial ecology shifts in the ileum of broilers during feed withdrawal and dietary manipulations.
PubMed:Control of proliferative enteropathy in growing/fattening pigs using growth promoters.
PubMed:Antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in commensal enterococci isolated from pigs.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail food.
PubMed:Accelerated solvent extraction of animal feedingstuffs for microbial growth inhibition screening for the presence of antimicrobial feed additives.
PubMed:Simultaneous immunochemical detection of four banned antibiotic growth promoters in raw and cooked poultry tissue.
PubMed:Antibacterial drug treatment increases intestinal bile acid absorption via elevated levels of ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter but not organic solute transporter α protein.
PubMed:Effect of some antibiotics as growth promoters on performance of broiler chicks fed different protein levels.
PubMed:Effect of feed additive antibiotics on chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.
PubMed:Response of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 to challenges with sublethal concentrations of enterocin AS-48.
PubMed:Effects of feed additives and mixed eimeria species infection on intestinal microbial ecology of broilers.
PubMed:Real-time quantitative PCR measurement of ileal Lactobacillus salivarius populations from broiler chickens to determine the influence of farming practices.
PubMed:Influence of the culture medium on antibiotic susceptibility testing of food-associated lactic acid bacteria with the agar overlay disc diffusion method.
PubMed:Effect of receiving diets containing alfalfa and certain feed additives on performance of feeder pigs transported long distances.
PubMed:[Action of Bacitrafen Premix on layers and broilers].
PubMed:Draft genome comparison of representatives of the three dominant genotype groups of dairy Bacillus licheniformis strains.
PubMed:Effect of antibiotics on growth of the immature rat.
PubMed:[The determination of a gross utilization of 15N-lysine in laboratory rats. 2. Comparative testing with an antibiotic supplement to the diet].
PubMed:Subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics in poultry feeds and their effects on weight gain, feed efficiency, and bacterial cholyltaurine hydrolase activity.
PubMed:The effect of feeding diets containing permitted antibiotics on the faecal excretion of Salmonella typhimurium by experimentally infected chickens.
PubMed:[Dichotomous keys for identifying Staphylococcus isolated from bovine milk].
PubMed:Effects of dietary antibiotics on intestinal microflora in broiler chickens.
PubMed:The effect of medicated diets and level of feeding on caecal microbiota of lactating rabbit does.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing among cockle (Anadara granosa) strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analysis.
PubMed:Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from food animals to antimicrobial growth promoters and related therapeutic agents in Denmark.
PubMed:Quantification of cell proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression of Clostridium perfringens in the development of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Safety assessment of Bifidobacterium longum JDM301 based on complete genome sequences.
PubMed:[Broiler salmonellosis].
PubMed:Use of natural antimicrobials to increase antibiotic susceptibility of drug resistant bacteria.
PubMed:FDA-approved drugs that protect mammalian neurons from glucose toxicity slow aging dependent on cbp and protect against proteotoxicity.
PubMed:In vitro susceptibility of Enterococcus faecium isolated from food to growth-promoting and therapeutic antibiotics.
PubMed:Antibiotics conspicuously affect community profiles and richness, but not the density of bacterial cells associated with mucosa in the large and small intestines of mice.
PubMed:Effects of a buffered propionic acid in diets on the performance of broiler chickens and on microflora of the intestine and carcass.
PubMed:[Residues of antimicrobial substances in the meat and organs of slaughter calves].
PubMed:In vitro model of colonization resistance by the enteric microbiota: effects of antimicrobial agents used in food-producing animals.
PubMed:Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Bacillus sonorensis Strain L12, a Source of Nonribosomal Lipopeptides.
PubMed:Relationship of dietary antimicrobial drug administration with broiler performance, decreased population levels of Lactobacillus salivarius, and reduced bile salt deconjugation in the ileum of broiler chickens.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of intestinal bacteria from Swiss poultry flocks before the ban of antimicrobial growth promoters.
PubMed:Effects of different test conditions on MICs of food animal growth-promoting antibacterial agents for enterococci.
PubMed:The use of antibiotics as feed additives for farm animals.
PubMed:The effect of quindoxin on the growth of broiler chickens.
PubMed:Biological responses to antibacterial feed additives in diets of meat producing animals.
PubMed:[Use of antibiotics in animal nutrition with a view to human health].
PubMed:Influence of type of antibiotic and length of antibiotic feeding period on performance and persistence of antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria in growing-finishing swine.
PubMed:The effects of some nutritive antibiotics on the respiration of rat liver mitochondria.
PubMed:[Olaquindox--a new growth promoter in animal nutrition. III. Activity in fattening calves].
PubMed:[Experiments in reproducing necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens (author's transl)].
PubMed:Characterization of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from broiler chicken barn bioaerosol.
PubMed:Characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from retail meats in Alberta, Canada.
PubMed:Interactions of lipid metabolism and intestinal physiology with Tremella fuciformis Berk edible mushroom in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet with or without Nebacitin.
PubMed:Molecular identification and characterization of ileal and cecal fungus communities in broilers given probiotics, specific essential oil blends, and under mixed Eimeria infection.
PubMed:The nutritive value of botanically defined mill fractions of barley. 2. The influence of hind-gut microflora in rats on digestibility of protein and energy of endosperm and husk of Bomi and M-1508.
PubMed:Drug resistance and transferable drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from "ready-to-cook" broilers.
PubMed:[Absorption and metabolism of antibiotics. Residues in the tissues].
PubMed:The effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on growth, mortality, and carcass qualities of broiler chickens.
PubMed:[Stability of drugs in feeds. Effect of processing on a number of antibiotics and coccidiostats when these are incorporated in pelleted feeds: a snapshot].
PubMed:Mass spectrometric analysis of muscle samples to detect potential antibiotic growth promoter misuse in broiler chickens.
PubMed:Combined effect of synthetic enterocin CRL35 with cell wall, membrane-acting antibiotics and muranolytic enzymes against Listeria cells.
PubMed:Digestibility of starch in legumes using the rat.
PubMed:The rat as a model for pigs: comparative values for the digestibility of NSP and other macronutrients.
PubMed:Determination of resistant starch in vitro with three different methods, and in vivo with a rat model.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from marketed foods and drugs.
PubMed:Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway.
PubMed:Antibiogram studies of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates from poultry and meat.
PubMed:Distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus spp. and characterization of isolates from broiler chickens.
PubMed:Prevalence and characteristics of Aeromonas species isolated from processed channel catfish.
PubMed:Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from retail fruits, vegetables, and meats.
PubMed:Diversity and susceptibility of Enterococcus isolated from cattle before and after harvest.
PubMed:Antimicrobial growth promoters used in animal feed: effects of less well known antibiotics on gram-positive bacteria.
PubMed:The effect of different oral antibiotics on the gastrointestinal microflora of a wild rodent (Aethomys namaquensis).
PubMed:A survey of antibiotic resistance in Micrococcaceae isolated from Italian dry fermented sausages.
PubMed:Technological performance of several Lactococcus and Enterococcus strains of dairy origin in milk.
PubMed:Persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in New Zealand broilers after discontinuation of avoparcin use.
PubMed:Prevalence of Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli on ostrich carcasses and the susceptibility of ostrich-origin E. coli isolates to various antibiotics.
PubMed:Phenotypic distinction in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains between susceptibility and resistance to growth-enhancing antibiotics.
PubMed:Impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, Clostridium perfringens and enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in Escherichia coli isolates.
PubMed:Multiple antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and non-O139.
PubMed:Associations between off-label feed additives and farm size, veterinary consultant use, and animal age.
PubMed:Multiclass, multiresidue method for the detection of antibiotic residues in distillers grains by liquid chromatography and ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bulk tank milk in organic and conventional dairy herds in the midwestern United States and Denmark.
PubMed:The European ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health.
PubMed:[Preliminary results of antibiotic resistance monitoring in the Netherlands].
PubMed:The influence of dietary protein and antimicrobial feed additives on salmonella carriage by broiler chickens.
PubMed:Regenerating rat liver: insulin and glucagon serum levels and receptor binding.
PubMed:Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria spp. recovered from processed bison.
PubMed:Hemolytic and nonhemolytic vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolated from beef imported to Malaysia.
PubMed:Genetic diversity and virulence gene determinants of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolated from preharvest turkey production sources.
PubMed:Effect of anticoccidial and antimicrobial feed additives on prevention of Salmonella colonization of chicks treated with anaerobic cultures of chicken feces.
PubMed:Factors affecting the incidence and anti-salmonella activity of the anaerobic caecal flora of the young chick.
PubMed:Comparison of the supplemental effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antibiotics in low-protein and high-fibre diets fed to broiler chickens.
PubMed:Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review.
PubMed:Effect of the antibiotic thiopeptin on Clostridium perfringens and growth and feed efficiency of broiler chicks.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp. isolated from dairy and pharmaceutical products.
PubMed:A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment.
PubMed:Variability of oral bioavailability for low dose methotrexate in rats.
PubMed:Improved agar diffusion method for detecting residual antimicrobial agents.
PubMed:Chromatographic analysis of banned antibacterial growth promoters in animal feed.
PubMed:Effects of feed additives on the development on the ileal bacterial community of the broiler chicken.
PubMed:Clostridium difficile: recent epidemiologic findings and advances in therapy.
PubMed:Antibiotic decontamination of the dog and its consequences.
PubMed:[Identification of Enterococcus sp. isolated from raw milk samples coming from the metropolitan area of Costa Rica and evaluation of its antibiotic sensibility pattern].
PubMed:Outbreak of acute colitis on a horse farm associated with tetracycline-contaminated sweet feed.
PubMed:Drug resistant bacteria in non carbonated mineral waters.
PubMed:Incidence of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants among Enterococcus italicus isolates from dairy products.
PubMed:An electrochemical method for simultaneous detection and identification of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis using a glucose oxidase-peroxidase composite biosensor.
PubMed:Withdrawal of growth-promoting antibiotics in Europe and its effects in relation to human health.
PubMed:Incidence of haemolysin-positive and drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in freshly caught finfish and prawn collected from major commercial fishes of coastal South India.
PubMed:Bacteriophage types and antibiotic sensitivity of staphylococci from bovine milk and human nares.
PubMed:Transcriptional profiling analysis of host response to Clostridium perfringens infection in broilers.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of starter culture bacteria used in Norwegian dairy products.
PubMed:Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from marketed fish and prawn of South India.
PubMed:Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus species.
PubMed:Liquid chromatographic determination of D- and L-amino acids by derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde and N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine. Applications with reference to the analysis of peptidic antibiotics, toxins, drugs and pharmaceutically used amino acids.
PubMed:Detection of sulfa drugs and antibiotics in milk.
PubMed:Appropriate chicken sample size for identifying the composition of broiler intestinal microbiota affected by dietary antibiotics, using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique.
PubMed:Phenotypical characteristics of Shiga-like toxin Escherichia coli isolated from sheep dairy products.
PubMed:Characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from coastal seawater in peninsular Malaysia.
PubMed:Molecular characterization of Salmonella weltevreden isolated from poultry: evidence of conjugal transfer of plasmid and antibiotic resistance.
PubMed:Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Spp. (VRE) from Poultry.
PubMed:Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria.
PubMed:Occurrence of selected bacterial groups in the faeces of piglets fed with Bacillus coagulans as probiotic.
PubMed:The antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine dermatitis.
 
Notes:
a complex of cyclic peptide antibiotics produced by the tracy-i strain of bacillus subtilis. the commercial preparation is a mixture of at least nine bacitracins with bacitracin a as the major constituent. it is used topically to treat open infections such as infected eczema and infected dermal ulcers. (from goodman and gilman, the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 8th ed, p1140) tsca definition 2008: a complex combination of polypeptides produced by the metabolic processes of bacillus subtilis and licheniformis. Permitted food additive for animal and human consumption A cyclic antibiotic polypeptide complex produced by Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis, being a mixture of at least nine bacitracins of which bacitracin A is the major component. (ChEBI)
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