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Category:flavoring agents
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | colorless clear liquid (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
|
| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 0.91000 to 0.91600 @ 25.00 °C.
|
| Pounds per Gallon - (est).: | 7.572 to 7.622
|
| Refractive Index: | 1.49300 to 1.49900 @ 20.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | -43.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 171.00 to 172.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 1.897000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Flash Point: | 133.00 °F. TCC ( 56.11 °C. )
|
| logP (o/w): | 1.880 |
| Shelf Life: | 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly. |
| Storage: | refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. |
| Soluble in: |
| | alcohol | | | water, 35000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) |
| Insoluble in: |
| | water |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
| BOC Sciences |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine 95%
|
| EMD Millipore |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
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| Penta International |
| 2,4,6-TRIMETHYL PYRIDINE
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| Santa Cruz Biotechnology |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine
|
| Shiva Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals |
| 2,4,6-Collidine
|
| Sigma-Aldrich |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine ReagentPlus®, 99%
|
| TCI AMERICA |
| For experimental / research use only. |
| 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine >98.0%(GC)(T)
|
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| European information : |
| Most important hazard(s): | | Xn - Harmful. |
R 10 - Flammable.
R 20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
|
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M] > 1000 mg/kg
(Dow Chemical Company, 1985)
oral-rat LD50 400 mg/kg
(Dow Chemical Company, 1985)
oral-rat LD50 400 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 847, 1986.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
skin-guinea pig LD50 1000 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 847, 1986.
skin-guinea pig LD50 1000 mg/kg
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 847, 1986.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
inhalation-rat LCLo 2500 ppm/2H
"Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986Vol. -, Pg. 847, 1986.
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | flavoring agents |
| Recommendation for 2,4,6-trimethyl pyridine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
|
| |
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 0.012 (μg/capita/day) |
| Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): | 400 (μg/person/day) |
| Threshold of Concern: | 540 (μg/person/day) |
| Structure Class: | II |
| |
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). |
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. |
| | average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg |
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 0.40000 | 2.00000 |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | - | - |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | - | - |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 0.10000 | 0.50000 |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | - | - |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 |
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 24 (FGE.24): Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf
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Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28 Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, Revision 1 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 77 (FGE77) [1] - Consideration of Pyridine, Pyrrole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to Pyridine, Pyrrole, Indole and Quinoline Derivatives evaluated by EFSA in FGE.24Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf
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Scientific opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 24, Revision 2 (FGE.24Rev2): Pyridine, pyrrole, indole and quinoline derivatives from chemical group 28
View page or View pdf
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| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):108-75-8 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7953 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1992 |
| WGK Germany:3 |
| 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine |
| Chemidplus:0000108758 |
| RTECS:UU0970000 for cas# 108-75-8 |
References:
Other Information:
Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 2,4,6- | collidine | | alpha,gamma,alpha'- | collidine | | g- | collidine | | S- | collidine | | | pyridine, 2,4,6-trimethyl- | | 2,4,6- | trimethylpyridine |
Articles:
| PubMed:Evaluation of acid-labile S-protecting groups to prevent Cys racemization in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. |
| PubMed:Probing the surface of nanosheet H-ZSM-5 with FTIR spectroscopy. |
| PubMed:Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. |
| PubMed:Enhanced epimerization of glycosylated amino acids during solid-phase peptide synthesis. |
| PubMed:Grafting of a novel gold(III) complex on nanoporous MCM-41 and evaluation of its toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. |
| PubMed:Reaction of acetals with various carbon nucleophiles under non-acidic conditions: C-C bond formation via a pyridinium-type salt. |
| PubMed:Intrinsic proton-donating power of zinc-bound water in a carbonic anhydrase active site model estimated by NMR. |
| PubMed:[Determination of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aroma rice using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. |
| PubMed:Structural correlations for (1)H, (13)C and (15)N NMR coordination shifts in Au(III), Pd(II) and Pt(II) chloride complexes with lutidines and collidine. |
| PubMed:Bioconversion of 2,6-dimethylpyridine to 6-methylpicolinic acid by Exophiala dermatitidis (Kano) de Hoog DA5501 cells grown on n-dodecane. |
| PubMed:Syntheses, structures and spectroscopy of uni- and bi-dentate nitrogen base complexes of silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate. |
| PubMed:Noncovalent synthesis of hierarchical zinc phosphates from a single Zn(4)O(12)P(4) double-four-ring building block: dimensionality control through the choice of auxiliary ligands. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of new Pd(II) complexes of L-ethylphenylalanate. |
| PubMed:Practical ruthenium-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation of allenyl alcohols in 2,4,6-collidine leading to alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones: concise stereoselective synthesis of (+)-isomintlactone. |
| PubMed:Shape and electrostatic effects in optical Kerr effect spectroscopy of aromatic liquids. |
| PubMed:Heterocyclic compounds: toxic effects using algae, daphnids, and the Salmonella/microsome test taking methodical quantitative aspects into account. |
| PubMed:Nuclear magnetic resonance and ab initio studies of small complexes formed between water and pyridine derivatives in solid and liquid phases. |
| PubMed:Activity of a cationic carotenoid derivative in a mouse model of protoporphyria. |
| PubMed:Ethyne-bridged (porphinato)zinc(II)-(porphinato)iron(III) complexes: phenomenological dependence of excited-state dynamics upon (porphinato)iron electronic structure. |
| PubMed:Characterizing hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in 2:1 FH:NH3 and FH:collidine complexes through one- and two-bond spin-spin coupling constants across hydrogen bonds. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of ent-thallusin. |
| PubMed:Characterization of H+ and HCO3- transporters in CFPAC-1 human pancreatic duct cells. |
| PubMed:Ab initio study of hydrogen bonding and proton transfer in 3:1 FH:NH3 and FH:collidine complexes: structures and one- and two-bond coupling constants across hydrogen bonds. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and structure of a distorted octahedral palladium(II) complex coordinated with a tetrathioether ligand tethered with bulky substituents. |
| PubMed:Estimation of pK(a) values using microchip capillary electrophoresis and indirect fluorescence detection. |
| PubMed:Interaction of 2-hydroxy-substituted Nile red fluorescent probe with organic nitrogen compounds. |
| PubMed:pH of solution greatly affects sorption of ionizable compounds into low-density polyethylene film. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted hydantoins by regiospecific domino condensation/aza-Michael/O-->N acyl migration of carbodiimides with activated alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic acids. |
| PubMed:Adsorption mechanism of substituted pyridines on silica suspensions: an NMR study. |
| PubMed:Monomeric, tetrameric, and polymeric copper di-tert-butyl phosphate complexes containing pyridine ancillary ligands. |
| PubMed:Low-temperature NMR studies of the structure and dynamics of a novel series of acid-base complexes of HF with collidine exhibiting scalar couplings across hydrogen bonds. |
| PubMed:Absorption spectrometric study of molecular complex formation between [60]fullerene and a series of methylated pyridines. |
| PubMed:Practical protocols for stepwise solid-phase synthesis of cysteine-containing peptides. |
| PubMed:Isolation of regioisomers of N-alkylprotoporphyrin IX from chick embryo liver after treatment with porphyrinogenic xenobiotics. |
| PubMed:The 1,2,4-triazolyl cation: thermolytic and photolytic studies. |
| PubMed:An improved procedure for N- to C-directed (Inverse) solid-phase peptide synthesis. |
| PubMed:The ether lipid ET-18-OCH3 increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations in Madin Darby canine kidney cells. |
| PubMed:Heme availability affects corticosterone and aldosterone biosynthesis in rat adrenal. |
| PubMed:Occurrence and Minimization of Cysteine Racemization during Stepwise Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis(1)(,)(2). |
| PubMed:Synthesis of the methyl alpha-glycosides of a di-, tri-, and a tetra-saccharide fragment mimicking the terminus of the O-polysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa. |
| PubMed:IP3 receptor-ligand. 2: Synthesis and molecular mechanics calculation of adenophostin A. |
| PubMed:Effect of pyridine and its methylated derivatives on storage by rat pineal nerves of monoaminergic neurotransmitter. |
| PubMed:Evidence for mechanism-based inactivation of rat and chick embryo hepatic cytochrome P4501A and P4503A by dihydropyridines, sydnones, and dihydroquinolines. |
| PubMed:Mechanism-based inactivation of hepatic cytochrome P450 2C6 and P450 3A1 following in vivo administration of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethylpyridine to rats: differences from previously observed in vitro results. |
| PubMed:Stimulation of aldosterone production by hemin in calf adrenal glomerulosa cell cultures. |
| PubMed:Inactivation of cytochrome P450 and inhibition of ferrochelatase by analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine with 4-nonyl and 4-dodecyl substituents. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of chick embryo hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by components of xenobiotic-treated chick embryo hepatocytes in culture. II. |
| PubMed:Synthesis and characterization of 6-O-beta-lactosyl-alpha,beta-D-mannopyranoses and 2,6-di-O-beta-lactosyl-alpha,beta-D-mannopyranoses. |
| PubMed:Inactivation of rat liver microsomal steroid hydroxylations by 4-alkyl analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine: evidence for selectivity among steroid-inducible cytochrome P450IIIA forms. |
| PubMed:Irreversible binding of heme to microsomal protein during inactivation of cytochrome P450 by 4-alkyl analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine. |
| PubMed:High-pressure glycosylations of unreactive alcohols and the formation of N-glycosyl collidinium salts. |
| PubMed:Possible involvement of Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibition in neurotransmitter release induced by collidine. |
| PubMed:Effects of 4-alkyl analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine on hepatic cytochrome P-450 heme, apoproteins, and catalytic activities following in vivo administration to rats. |
| PubMed:Synergistic induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity by N-ethylprotoporphyrin IX and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-isobutylpyridine . |
| PubMed:Effects of a series of 4-alkyl analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine on the major inducible cytochrome P-450 isozymes of rat liver. |
| PubMed:Systematic chemical synthesis and n.m.r. spectra of methyl alpha-glycosides of isomalto-oligosaccharides and related compounds. |
| PubMed:Disruption of hepatic heme biosynthesis after interaction of xenobiotics with cytochrome P-450. |
| PubMed:Differential inhibition of hepatic ferrochelatase by regioisomers of N-butyl-, N-pentyl-, N-hexyl-, and N-isobutylprotoporphyrin IX. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of methyl 6''-deoxy-6'-fluoro-alpha-isomaltoside and of the corresponding trisaccharide. |
| PubMed:Xenobiotic mediated inhibition of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in 17-day-old chick embryo liver cells in culture. |
| PubMed:Effect of collidine (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine) on rat pineal gland and vas deferens nerves. Further evidence for a monoamine-releasing effect. |
| PubMed:Isolation of an N-alkylprotoporphyrin IX from chick embryo livers following the administration of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylpyridine. |
| PubMed:The 1986 Upjohn award lecture. Interaction of chemicals with hemoproteins: implications for the mechanism of action of porphyrinogenic drugs and nitroglycerin. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of ferrochelatase during differentiation of murine erythroleukaemia cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of collidine (2,4,6-trimethylpyridine) on the osmiophilia and chromaffin reaction in the synaptic vesicles of rat pineal nerves. |
| PubMed:Ferrochelatase-inhibitory activity and N-alkylprotoporphyrin formation with analogues of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (DDC) containing extended 4-alkyl groups: implications for the active site of ferrochelatase. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the effects of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethylpyridine and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine on ferrochelatase activity and heme biosynthesis in chick embryo liver cells in culture. |
| PubMed:Chemical synthesis of the human Pk-antigenic determinant. |
| PubMed:Suicidal destruction of cytochrome P-450 and reduction of ferrochelatase activity by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and its analogues in chick embryo liver cells. |
| PubMed:Ferrochelatase and N-alkylated porphyrins. |
| PubMed:pKa determination of verapamil by liquid-liquid partition. |
| PubMed:Synthesis of methyl 3-O- and 2-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha D-galactopyranoside. |
| PubMed:Chemical synthesis of the human blood-group P1-antigenic determinant. |
| PubMed:Patterns of porphyrin accumulation in response to chemicals in chick embryo liver cells. |
| PubMed:Effect of drug pretreatment on the metabolic oxidation of chlorpromazine in rat. |
| PubMed:Investigation of the membrane-fluidizing properties of porphyrin-inducing drugs. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of ferrochelatase by N-methylprotoporphyrin IX is not accompanied by delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase induction in chick embryo liver cell culture. |
| PubMed:Effects of porphyrin-inducing drugs on ferrochelatase activity in isolated mouse hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Ferrochelatase-inhibitory and porphyrin-inducing properties of 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and its analogues in chick embryo liver cells. |
| PubMed:Comparison of the effects of griseofulvin and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine on ferrochelatase activity in chick embryo liver. |
| PubMed:Drug-induced porphyrin biosynthesis--XIX. Potentiation of the porphyrin-inducing effects of SKF 525-A in the chick embryo liver by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, an antihibitor of ferrochelatase. |
| PubMed:Ascorbic acid and cytochrome P-450. |
| PubMed:[Free protoporphyrin in murine and rat erythrocytes. Study of experimental porphyrias induced through the administration of griseofulvin to mice and 3,5 diethoxycarbonyl-1,4 dihydro-2,4,6 trimethylpyridine (DDC) to rats]. |
| PubMed:Properties of 5-aminolaevulinate synthetase and its relationship to microsomal mixed-function oxidation in the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania). |
| PubMed:Porphyria-inducing activity of a series of pyridine and dihydropyridine compounds. Investigation in a cell culture system. |
| PubMed:Biochemical changes in liver mitochondria of rats treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-pyridine. |
| PubMed:[EXPERIMENTAL PROPHYRIA INDUCED IN THE WHITE RAT BY DIETHYL 1,4-DIHYDRO-2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPYRIDINE-3,5-DICARBOXYLATE. INHIBITORY ACTION OF INOSINE ON THE EXAGGERATED PORPHYRINOGENESIS]. |
| PubMed:Effects of diethyl-1, 4-dihydro-2, 4,6-trimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate on the metabolism of porphyrins and iron. |
| PubMed:Experimental hepatic porphyria caused by feeding 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine. Comparison with sedormid porphyria. |
| PubMed:Porphyria induced in the rabbit by diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. I. Excretion of 5-aminolaevulic acid, porphobilinogen, coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin. |
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3D/inchi