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Category:natural substances and extractives
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Appearance: | orange crystalline powder (est) |
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Melting Point: | 193.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Boiling Point: | 452.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Vapor Pressure: | 8.600000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 8.3 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 467.00 °F. TCC ( 241.70 °C. ) (est)
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| logP (o/w): | 4.570 (est) |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 3.426 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
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| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
| |
| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 500 mg/kg
National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD277-689
intravenous-mouse LD50 > 10000 mg/kg
Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 61, Pg. 153, 1987.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
|
Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | natural substances and extractives |
| Recommendation for danthron usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| |
| Recommendation for danthron flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C10312 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB29752 |
| FooDB: | FDB000955 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2914.69.9000 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Wikipedia2: | View2 |
Formulations/Preparations:
•dantron is available commercially at a purity of 95-99%.
•altan
•antrapurol
•bancon
•benno
•chrysazin
•dansunate d
•co-danthramer
•danthron
•dantron
•diaquone
•dionone
•dorban
•dorbane
•dorbanex
•duolax
•fructines-vichy
•istin
•istizin
•julax
•laxanorm
•laxanthreen
•laxenta
•laxipur
•laxipurin
•modane
•neokutin s
•pastomin
•prugol
•roydan
•scatron d
•solven
•unilax
•zwitsalax
•the following trade names are those of multi-ingredient preparations containing dantron: agarol capsules; coloxyl; dorbanate, dorbanex; dorbantyl; doss; doxidan; normax.
•co-danthramer capsules contain dantron 25 mg and poloxamer 188 200 mg. strong co-danthramer capsules contain dantron 37.5 mg and poloxamer 188 500 mg.
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| 9,10- | anthracenedione, 1,8-dihydroxy- | | | anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy- | | | antrapurol | | | bancon | | | chrysazin | | | chrysazine | | | criasazin | | | danivac | | | danthrone | | | dantron | | | dantrone | | | dantronum | | | dianthon | | | diaquone | | 9,10- | dihydro-1,8-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracene | | 1,8- | dihydroanthraquinone | | 1,8- | dihydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione, 9CI | | 1,8- | dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone | | 1,8- | dihydroxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione | | 1,8- | dihydroxyanthra-9,10-quinone | | 1,8- | dihydroxyanthracene-9,10-dione | | 1,8- | dihydroxyanthrachinon | | 1,8- | dihydroxyanthraquinone | | | dionone | | 1,8- | dioxyanthraquinone | | | dorbane | | | dorbanex | | | dorbantyl | | | duolax | | | istizin | | | laxanorm | | | laxanthreen | | | laxapur | | | laxipur | | | laxipurin | | | neokutin S | | 1,8-bis( | oxidanyl)anthracene-9,10-dione | | | pastomin | | | prugol | | | roydan | | | scatron D | | 1,4,5,8- | tetroxyantraquinone | | | zwitsalax |
Articles:
| PubMed:In vitro glucuronidation of five rhubarb anthraquinones by intestinal and liver microsomes from humans and rats. |
| PubMed:Anthraquinones quinizarin and danthron unwind negatively supercoiled DNA and lengthen linear DNA. |
| PubMed:Danthron activates AMP-activated protein kinase and regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro. |
| PubMed:Spectroscopic and in silico evaluation of interaction of DNA with six anthraquinone derivatives. |
| PubMed:A new dibenz[b,e]oxepine derivative, 1-hydroxy-10-methoxy-dibenz[b,e]oxepin-6,11-dione, from a marine-derived fungus, Beauveria bassiana TPU942. |
| PubMed:Toxicology study of senna (CAS No. 8013-11-4) in C57BL/6NTAC Mice and toxicology and carcinogenesis study of senna in genetically modified C3B6.129F1/Tac-Trp53tm1Brd haploinsufficient mice (Feed Studies). |
| PubMed:Colorimetric and fluorescence sensing of Cu2+ in water using 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone-β-cyclodextrin complex with the assistance of ammonia. |
| PubMed:Danthron triggers ROS and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic death in C6 rat glioma cells through caspase cascades, apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G multiple signaling. |
| PubMed:Bioguided Fractionation Shows Cassia alata Extract to Inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Growth and Biofilm Formation. |
| PubMed:DNA-binding, DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity studies of two anthraquinone derivatives. |
| PubMed:Comparison of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on organic solvent and ionic liquid combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of emodin and its metabolites in urine samples. |
| PubMed:Danthron. |
| PubMed:Danthron inhibits murine WEHI-3 cells in vivo, and enhances macrophage phagocytosis and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in leukemic mice. |
| PubMed:DNA-binding study of anthraquinone derivatives using chemometrics methods. |
| PubMed:In vitro genotoxicity of danthron and its potential mechanism. |
| PubMed:Laxatives or methylnaltrexone for the management of constipation in palliative care patients. |
| PubMed:Danthron, an anthraquinone derivative, induces DNA damage and caspase cascades-mediated apoptosis in SNU-1 human gastric cancer cells through mitochondrial permeability transition pores and Bax-triggered pathways. |
| PubMed:Danthron functions as a retinoic X receptor antagonist by stabilizing tetramers of the receptor. |
| PubMed:Synchrotron radiation linear dichroism (SRLD) investigation of the electronic transitions of quinizarin, chrysazin, and anthrarufin. |
| PubMed:Danthron induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair gene expressions in GBM 8401 human brain glioblastoma multiforms cells. |
| PubMed:Anthraquinones danthron and quinizarin exert antiproliferative and antimetastatic activity on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells. |
| PubMed:Danthron inhibits the migration and invasion of human brain glioblastoma multiforme cells through the inhibition of mRNA expression of focal adhesion kinase, Rho kinases-1 and metalloproteinase-9. |
| PubMed:Danthron induced apoptosis through mitochondria- and caspase-3-dependent pathways in human brain glioblastoma multiforms GBM 8401 cells. |
| PubMed:Aloe-emodin-induced DNA fragmentation in the mouse in vivo comet assay. |
| PubMed:Structure-activity relationships of anthraquinones on the suppression of DNA-binding activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. |
| PubMed:Dissociative photoionization mechanism of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone: an experimental and theoretical study. |
| PubMed:Study of interactions of anthraquinones with DNA using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe. |
| PubMed:Anthranoid laxatives influence the absorption of poorly permeable drugs in human intestinal cell culture model (Caco-2). |
| PubMed:Laxatives for the management of constipation in palliative care patients. |
| PubMed:Defensive components in insect eggs: are anthraquinones produced during egg development? |
| PubMed:Reactivity of aromatic amines with triplet 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone: a laser flash photolysis study. |
| PubMed:[Toxic effects of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone on Daphnia magna]. |
| PubMed:Electrochemical studies of danthron and the DNA-danthron interaction. |
| PubMed:Danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone). |
| PubMed:Danthron inhibits the neurotoxicity induced by various compounds causing oxidative damages including beta-amyloid (25-35) in primary cortical cultures. |
| PubMed:Danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone). |
| PubMed:Emodin isolated from Cassia obtusifolia (Leguminosae) seed shows larvicidal activity against three mosquito species. |
| PubMed:Factors influencing constipation in advanced cancer patients: a prospective study of opioid dose, dantron dose and physical functioning. |
| PubMed:[Studies on the chemical constituents of Shiraia bambusicola]. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxicity of natural hydroxyanthraquinones: role of oxidative stress. |
| PubMed:Antimutagenic effects of black tea (World Blend) and its two active polyphenols theaflavins and thearubigins in Salmonella assays. |
| PubMed:Enrichment of iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II) by solid-phase extraction with 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone anchored to silica gel before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Bryoanthrathiophene, a new antiangiogenic constituent from the bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata (d'Orbigny, 1852). |
| PubMed:Cytotoxicity of rhein, the active metabolite of sennoside laxatives, is reduced by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. |
| PubMed:Sequence-specific DNA damage induced by carcinogenic danthron and anthraquinone in the presence of Cu(II), cytochrome P450 reductase and NADPH. |
| PubMed:Adverse effects of laxatives. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of cell growth in culture by quinones. |
| PubMed:The irritancy of anthralin is inhibited by repeat applications of a subirritant concentration. |
| PubMed:Antimutagenic effects of centchroman--a contraceptive and a candidate drug for breast cancer in multiple mutational assays. |
| PubMed:Laxative drug products for over-the-counter human use. Food and Drug Administration, HHS. Final rule. |
| PubMed:Anthraquinone cytotoxicity and apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Occurrence of emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in vegetables, herbs and liquors. Genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity of the anthraquinones and of the whole plants. |
| PubMed:Characterization of the genotoxicity of anthraquinones in mammalian cells. |
| PubMed:Factors affecting the genotoxic potency ranking of natural anthraquinones in mammalian cell culture systems. |
| PubMed:Enhancement of cell proliferation and prostaglandin biosynthesis by 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone in the rat large intestine. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity of the laxative drug components emodin, aloe-emodin and danthron in mammalian cells: topoisomerase II mediated? |
| PubMed:Inactivation of mouse epidermal 12-lipoxygenase by anthralin--implications for the role of oxygen radicals. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other algal species under gold and white light. |
| PubMed:OTC pharmaceuticals and genotoxicity testing: the paracetamol, anthraquinone, and griseofulvin cases. |
| PubMed:Effects of long-term treatment with anthranoids and sodium picosulphate on the contents of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin and substance P in the rat colon. |
| PubMed:Cell proliferation induced by laxatives and related compounds in the rat intestine. |
| PubMed:Toxicity of structurally related anthraquinones and anthrones to mammalian cells in vitro. |
| PubMed:Promoting and synergistic effects of chrysazin on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in male ICR/CD-1 mice. |
| PubMed:Adverse effects of drugs used in the management of constipation and diarrhoea. |
| PubMed:Analytics of senna drugs with regard to the toxicological discussion of anthranoids. |
| PubMed:Light and electron-microscopic changes in the colon of the guinea pig after treatment with anthranoid and non-anthranoid laxatives. |
| PubMed:Chronic sennoside treatment does not cause habituation and secondary hyperaldosteronism in rats. |
| PubMed:Effects of long-term sennoside treatment on in vitro motility of rat colon. |
| PubMed:A note on the complex metabolism of danthron infused into the rat. |
| PubMed:Rhein and aloe-emodin kinetics from senna laxatives in man. |
| PubMed:Pharmacokinetic-metabolic studies with 14C-aloe emodin after oral administration to male and female rats. |
| PubMed:A rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic urine screen for laxative abuse. |
| PubMed:Down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors by dithranol. |
| PubMed:Laxative-induced contact dermatitis. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of human monocyte functions by anthralin. |
| PubMed:Effects of long-term laxative treatment on neuropeptides in rat mesenteric vessels and caecum. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of substituted anthraquinones in the Ames/Salmonella microsome system. |
| PubMed:Radical-mediated modification of deoxyguanine and deoxyribose by luteoskyrin and related anthraquinones. |
| PubMed:Dithranol-induced down-regulation of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [12(S)-HETE] receptors in a human epidermal cell line. |
| PubMed:Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents--XV. Anthralin and its oxidation product 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. |
| PubMed:Effects of long-term laxative treatment on rat mesenteric resistance vessel responses in vitro. |
| PubMed:Hydroxyanthraquinones as tumor promoters: enhancement of malignant transformation of C3H mouse fibroblasts and growth stimulation of primary rat hepatocytes. |
| PubMed:Resistance of myenteric neurons in the rat's colon to depletion by 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. |
| PubMed:Dantron (chrysazin; 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone) |
| PubMed:Relative metabolism of quinones to semiquinone radicals in xanthine oxidase system. |
| PubMed:Normal-phase and reversed-phase liquid chromatographic techniques for the determination of dithranol and its degradation products. |
| PubMed:Anthraquinone laxatives and human cancer: an association in one case. |
| PubMed:Anthralin, a non-phorbol tumor promoter, fails to inhibit metabolic cooperation in mutant human fibroblasts, but inhibits phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro. |
| PubMed:Screening procedure for stimulant laxatives in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. |
| PubMed:Effects of withdrawal of co-danthramer on use of laxatives in a district general hospital. |
| PubMed:Pigmentation of kidneys and lymph nodes of mesocolon in rats fed diets containing the laxative danthron. |
| PubMed:Danthron alarm, FDA response: crucial OTC drug control. |
| PubMed:Laxatives: replacing danthron. |
| PubMed:Melanosis coli. A consequence of anthraquinone-induced apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. |
| PubMed:Inclusion complex formation of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone with cyclodextrins in aqueous solution and in solid state. |
| PubMed:Oxidation of antipsoriatic 10-acyldithranol derivatives and dithranol to 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone. |
| PubMed:Patch testing with dithranol and its degradation products. |
| PubMed:Long-term mucosal alterations by sennosides and related compounds. |
| PubMed:Anthraquinone laxatives: metabolism and transport of danthron and rhein in the rat small and large intestine in vitro. |
| PubMed:New aspects on the metabolism of the sennosides. |
| PubMed:[Reactions and interactions of drugs according to "Drug Reactions and Interactions" by P.F. D'Arcy]. |
| PubMed:Studies on laxatives: biliary and urinary excretion in rats given danthron by intravenous infusion or gastric intubation. |
| PubMed:Anthralin stability in various vehicles. |
| PubMed:[Danthron prohibition]. |
| PubMed:The release and percutaneous permeation of anthralin products, using clinically involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin. |
| PubMed:[Stability of cignolin (dithranol) in ointments containing tar with and without the addition of salicylic acid. Oxidation to danthron and dithranol dimer]. |
| PubMed:[Mode of action of anthraquinone laxatives on the rat]. |
| PubMed:The detection of laxative abuse. |
| PubMed:Biotransformation of the carcinogen chrysazin by NADPH-microsome system. |
| PubMed:Anthralin (1,8-dihydroxyanthrone) is a potent inhibitor of leukotriene production and LTB4-omega oxidation by human neutrophils. |
| PubMed:Carcinogenicity of chrysazin in large intestine and liver of mice. |
| PubMed:Acceleration of large intestine transit time in rats by sennosides and related compounds. |
| PubMed:Induction of intestinal tumours in rats by chrysazin. |
| PubMed:Comparative physiological disposition of some anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones. |
| PubMed:Multifunctional inhibition by anthralin in nonstimulated and chemotactic factor stimulated human neutrophils. |
| PubMed:[The study of the synthesis of the antineoplastic agent DHAQ]. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of the mutagenicity of bay-region diol-epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by tannic acid, hydroxylated anthraquinones and hydroxylated cinnamic acid derivatives. |
| PubMed:Antirespiratory and antiproliferative activity of anthralin in cultured human keratinocytes. |
| PubMed:Experimental contribution to the dithranol-brown problem. |
| PubMed:Ultrastructure of mouse intestinal mucosa and changes observed after long term anthraquinone administration. |
| PubMed:A cutaneous complication of Dorbanex therapy. |
| PubMed:Laxative eruption. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of quinones: pathways of metabolic activation and detoxification. |
| PubMed:A cutaneous complication of Dorbanex therapy. |
| PubMed:Anthralin inhibition of mouse epidermal arachidonic acid lipoxygenase in vitro. |
| PubMed:Effect of indomethacin on aloin and 1,8 dioxianthraquinone-induced production of prostaglandins in rat isolated colon. |
| PubMed:[Side effects of anthralin and its 2 main impurities on healthy skin]. |
| PubMed:[Colon cleansing: a comparative study]. |
| PubMed:Constipation in long-stay elderly patients: its treatment and prevention by lactulose, poloxalkol-dihydroxyanthroquinolone and phosphate enemas. |
| PubMed:[Perianal toxic contact dermatitis after use of the laxative Dorbantyl]. |
| PubMed:On the stability of some antipsoriatic active anthralin (dithranol) derivatives. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of DNA replication and repair by anthralin or danthron in cultured human cells. |
| PubMed:Mutagenicity of anthraquinone and hydroxylated anthraquinones in the Ames/Salmonella microsome system. |
| PubMed:Inhibition of DNA replication and repair cultured humans cells by anthralin or danthron. |
| PubMed:Influence of 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone and loperamide on the paracellular permeability across colonic mucosa. |
| PubMed:A screening method for establishing laxative abuse. |
| PubMed:[Clastogenic action of an anthraquinone compound on human lymphocytes]. |
| PubMed:[Tienilic acid as a likely cause of "auto immune" active hepatitis (author's transl)]. |
| PubMed:Danthron induced melanosis coli in the guinea pig. |
| PubMed:Acute mouse and chronic dog toxicity studies of danthron, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, poloxalkol and combinations. |
| PubMed:Possible hepatotoxicity of Doxidan. |
| PubMed:Danthron/poloxalkol and placebo in puerperal constipation. |
| PubMed:[An interesting drug for the treatment of constipation: the association of calcium pantothenate and danthron]. |
| PubMed:[Clinical trials of treatment of chronic constipation with a surface-active and hydrotropic agent in oral administration (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate with danthron). 64 cases, 41 of these assembled in a table]. |
| PubMed:[Clinical trial of a combination: calcium pantothenate-danthron in 28 cases of constipation of various etiologies]. |
| PubMed:INFLUENCE OF AN ORAL PERISTALTIC STIMULANT, DANTHRON, ON THE PHENOLSULPHONPHTHALEIN EXCRETION TEST. |
| PubMed:Treatment of chronic functional constipation with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and danthron. |
| PubMed:Peristalticstimulating and fecal-hydrating properties of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, danthron, and cascara extracts in the mouse and rat. |
| PubMed:Use of doxinate with danthron as withdrawal therapy in the treatment of chronic functional constipation. |
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