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Category:pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Physical Properties:
| Assay: | 95.00 to 100.00
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| Food Chemicals Codex Listed: | No |
| Specific Gravity: | 1.01000 @ 25.00 °C.
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| Melting Point: | -79.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
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| Boiling Point: | 247.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
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| Vapor Pressure: | 0.030000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est) |
| Vapor Density: | 5.61 ( Air = 1 ) |
| Flash Point: | 215.00 °F. TCC ( 101.67 °C. )
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| logP (o/w): | 1.170 |
| Soluble in: |
| | water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | | | water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) |
Organoleptic Properties:
| Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found). |
Cosmetic Information:
Suppliers:
Safety Information:
| Preferred SDS: View |
| |
| Hazards identification |
| |
| Classification of the substance or mixture |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) |
| None found. |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements |
| |
| Pictogram | |
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| Hazard statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Precautionary statement(s) |
| None found. |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: |
oral-bird - wild LD50 17800 ug/kg
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 355, 1983.
intravenous-cat LD50 1300 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 35, Pg. 316, 1936.
intramuscular-cat LDLo 9 mg/kg
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
intramuscular-cattle LDLo 9 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
intravenous-dog LD50 5 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 95, Pg. 506, 1949.
oral-dog LD50 9200 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 1177, 1932.
intramuscular-dog LDLo 7700 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 1177, 1932.
parenteral-dog LDLo 5700 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 29, Pg. 1177, 1932.
intravenous-guinea pig LD50 4500 ug/kg
Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 11, Pg. 1011, 1961.
intramuscular-guinea pig LDLo 15 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 15 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 50, Pg. 93, 1934.
intravenous-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 8 mg/kg
"Chemistry of Pesticides," Melnikov, N.N., New York, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1971Vol. -, Pg. 406, 1971.
unreported-man LDLo 882 ug/kg
"Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970.
intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 5900 ug/kg
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 28, Pg. 227, 1974.
intravenous-mouse LD50 300 ug/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
British Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 35, Pg. 161, 1969.
oral-mouse LD50 3340 ug/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR SPASTICITY)
BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR
Hygiene and Sanitation Vol. 34(4-6), Pg. 187, 1969.
unreported-mouse LD50 260 ug/kg
European Patent Application. Vol. #0000106
intramuscular-mouse LDLo 8 mg/kg
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
intraperitoneal-rabbit LD50 14 mg/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 231, 1945.
intravenous-rabbit LD50 6250 ug/kg
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 231, 1945.
intramuscular-rabbit LDLo 30 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
intraperitoneal-rat LD50 14560 ug/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 124, Pg. 350, 1958.
intratracheal-rat LD50 19300 ug/kg
American Review of Respiratory Disease. Vol. 129, Pg. 112, 1984.
intravenous-rat LD50 2800 ug/kg
Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 916, 1995.
oral-rat LD50 50 mg/kg
Farm Chemicals Handbook. Vol. -, Pg. C219, 1991.
intramuscular-rat LDLo 15 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
Science. Vol. 127, Pg. 1054, 1958.
parenteral-rat LDLo 34 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 48, Pg. 317, 1933.
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| Dermal Toxicity: |
subcutaneous-cat LDLo 20 mg/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
subcutaneous-dog LDLo 20 mg/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
subcutaneous-frog LDLo 6 mg/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 15 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 48, Pg. 95, 1933.
subcutaneous-mouse LD50 16 mg/kg
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 188, Pg. 605, 1938.
skin-rabbit LD50 50 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Quarterly Bulletin--Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States. Vol. 16, Pg. 3, 1952.
subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 5 mg/kg
"Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931.
skin-rat LD50 140 mg/kg
World Review of Pest Control. Vol. 9, Pg. 119, 1970.
subcutaneous-rat LD50 25 mg/kg
Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya Vol. 47(5), Pg. 85, 1984.
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| Inhalation Toxicity: |
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Not determined
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Safety in Use Information:
| Category: | | pharmaceuticals / chemical synthisis |
| Recommendation for (S)-(-)-nicotine usage levels up to: | | | not for fragrance use.
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| Recommendation for (S)-(-)-nicotine flavor usage levels up to: |
| | not for flavor use.
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Safety References:
References:
Other Information:
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00745 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB01934 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2939.70.0000 |
| MedlinePlusSupp: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Formulations/Preparations:
•preparations: (ahfs, 2009)
nicotine preparations:
route
dosage forms
strengths
brand names
nasal
solution
0.5 mgmetered spray
nicotrol ns (with parabens); pfizer
oral inhalation
inhalant
4 mgmetered spray
nicotrol inhalaer; pfizer
topical
transdermal system
15 mg16 hours (8.3 mg10 sq cm)
nicotrol step 1; pfizer
transdermal system
10 mg16 hours (16.6 mg10 sq cm)
nicotrol step 2; pfizer
transdermal system
15 mg16 hours (24.9 mg30 sq cm)
nicotrol step 3; pfizer
transdermal system
7 mg24 hours
nicotine transdermal system; sano, watson
transdermal system
7 mg24 hours (36 mg7 sq cm)
nicoderm cq clear step 3; glaxosmithkline
transdermal system
11 mg24 hours
nicotine transdermal system; perrigo
transdermal system
14 mg24 hours
nicotine transdermal system; sano, watson
transdermal system
14 mg24 hours (78 mg15 sq cm)
nicoderm cq clear step 3; glaxosmithkline
transdermal system
21 mg24 hours
nicotine transdermal system; sano, watson
transdermal system
21 mg24 hours (114 mg22 sq cm)
nicoderm cq step 1; glaxosmithkline
buccal (transmucosal)
lozenges
2 mg (of nicotine)
commit (with aspartame); glaxosmithkline
lozenges
4 mg (of nicotine)
commit (with aspartame); glaxosmithkline
pieces, chewing gum
2 mg (of nicotine)
nicorette (sugar-free); glaxosmithkline
pieces, chewing gum
4 mg (of nicotine)
nicorette ds (sugar-free); glaxosmithkline
pieces, chewing gum
4 mg (of nicotine)
nicotine polacrilex gum; perrigo, watson
•available as the dihydrochloride, salicylate, sulfate, and bitartrate
•available commercially as the (-)-enantiomer sulfate salt
•fumigant; soluble concentrate
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Potential Blenders and core components note
Potential Uses:
Occurrence (nature, food, other): note
Synonyms:
| | destruxol | | | emo-nik | | | flux MAAG | | | fumeto bac | | | fumetobac | | | habitrol | | | mach-nic | | 1- | methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine | | (S)-3-(1- | methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine | | 3-[(2S)-1- | methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]pyridine | | L-3-(1- | methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine | | 3-((S)-1- | methyl-pyrrolidin-2-yl)-pyridine | | (S)-3-(1- | methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | | (S)-3-(N- | methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | | 3-((2S)-1- | methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | | 3-[(2S)-1- | methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine | | | micotine | | | nic-sal | | | nico-dust | | | nico-fume | | | nicocide | | | nicoderm | | | niconil | | | nicotin | | (-)- | nicotine | | (S)- | nicotine | | L- | nicotine | | L-(-)- | nicotine | | S-(-)- | nicotine | | | nicotrol | | | prostep | | | pyridine, 3- (1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)- | | | pyridine, 3-((2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)- | | | pyridine, 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-, (S)- | | | pyridine, 3-[(2S)-1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl]- | | b- | pyridyl-a-N-methylpyrrolidine | | | tendust |
Articles:
| PubMed:Nicotine concentrations with electronic cigarette use: effects of sex and flavor. |
| PubMed:Factors associated with electronic cigarette users' device preferences and transition from first generation to advanced generation devices. |
| PubMed:Multicomponent Analysis of Replacement Liquids of Electronic Cigarettes Using Chromatographic Techniques. |
| PubMed:Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung. |
| PubMed:Chemical Composition and Evaluation of Nicotine, Tobacco Alkaloids, pH, and Selected Flavors in E-Cigarette Cartridges and Refill Solutions. |
| PubMed:Custom Mentholation of Commercial Cigarettes for Research Purposes. |
| PubMed:The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens' and Adult Smokers' Interest in Electronic Cigarettes. |
| PubMed:E-Cigarette Market Trends in Traditional U.S. Retail Channels, 2012-2013. |
| PubMed:Patterns of Longitudinal Transitions in Menthol Use Among U.S. Young Adult Smokers. |
| PubMed:Aerosol deposition doses in the human respiratory tree of electronic cigarette smokers. |
| PubMed:Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. |
| PubMed:Identification and Quantification of Several Contaminated Compounds in Replacement Liquids of Electronic Cigarettes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. |
| PubMed:Comparative in vitro toxicity profile of electronic and tobacco cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy products: e-liquids, extracts and collected aerosols. |
| PubMed:Comparison of Puff Topography, Toxicant Exposure, and Subjective Effects in Low- and High-Frequency Waterpipe Users: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Control Study. |
| PubMed:The association between smokers' perceived importance of the appearance of cigarettes/cigarette packs and smoking sensory experience: a structural equation model. |
| PubMed:Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. |
| PubMed:Prenatal alcohol exposure increases postnatal acceptability of nicotine odor and taste in adolescent rats. |
| PubMed:Investigation of the chemical compositions in tobacco of different origins and maturities at harvest by GC-MS and HPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS. |
| PubMed:Comparative effects between electronic and cigarette smoke in human keratinocytes and epithelial lung cells. |
| PubMed:Oxidative and pro-inflammatory impact of regular and denicotinized cigarettes on blood brain barrier endothelial cells: is smoking reduced or nicotine-free products really safe? |
| PubMed:The role of cocoa as a cigarette additive: opportunities for product regulation. |
| PubMed:Direct action and modulating effect of (+)- and (-)-nicotine on ion channels expressed in trigeminal sensory neurons. |
| PubMed:Comparison of tobacco-containing and tobacco-free waterpipe products: effects on human alveolar cells. |
| PubMed:Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. |
| PubMed:Flavored and nonflavored smokeless tobacco products: rate, pattern of use, and effects. |
| PubMed:Youth access, creation, and content of smokeless tobacco ("dip") videos in social media. |
| PubMed:Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? A crossover study comparing CO, NO, PAH, volatile aldehydes, "tar" and nicotine yields. |
| PubMed:Electronic cigarettes: effective nicotine delivery after acute administration. |
| PubMed:Scientific assessment of the use of sugars as cigarette tobacco ingredients: a review of published and other publicly available studies. |
| PubMed:Use of the target group index survey to evaluate the cigarette smoking profile in Saudi Arabia. |
| PubMed:Effect of ammonia in cigarette tobacco on nicotine absorption in human smokers. |
| PubMed:The health effects of menthol cigarettes as compared to non-menthol cigarettes. |
| PubMed:Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, placebo-control study. |
| PubMed:Determination of hazardous VOCs and nicotine released from mainstream smoke by the combination of the SPME and GC-MS methods. |
| PubMed:The effect of chewing gum flavor on the negative affect associated with tobacco abstinence among dependent cigarette smokers. |
| PubMed:Cellular basis for the olfactory response to nicotine. |
| PubMed:The effect of chewing gum on self-reported nicotine withdrawal: is it the flavor, the act of chewing, or both? |
| PubMed:Comparison of methods for measurement of smoking behavior: mouthpiece-based computerized devices versus direct observation. |
| PubMed:Surveillance of moist snuff: total nicotine, moisture, pH, un-ionized nicotine, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines. |
| PubMed:A randomized, controlled exposure study in adult smokers of full flavor Marlboro cigarettes switching to Marlboro Lights or Marlboro Ultra Lights cigarettes. |
| PubMed:The menthol smoker: tobacco industry research on consumer sensory perception of menthol cigarettes and its role in smoking behavior. |
| PubMed:Genotoxicity of 10 cigarette smoke condensates in four test systems: comparisons between assays and condensates. |
| PubMed:Internal tobacco industry research on olfactory and trigeminal nerve response to nicotine and other smoke components. |
| PubMed:Toxicological evaluation of potassium sorbate added to cigarette tobacco. |
| PubMed:Do increases in cigarette prices lead to increases in sales of cigarettes with high tar and nicotine yields? |
| PubMed:Determination of 10 carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mainstream cigarette smoke. |
| PubMed:Cytotoxicity and gene expression profiles in cell cultures exposed to whole smoke from three types of cigarettes. |
| PubMed:Cadmium, lead, and thallium in mainstream tobacco smoke particulate. |
| PubMed:Characterization of measured menthol in 48 U.S. cigarette sub-brands. |
| PubMed:Toxicological evaluation of glycerin as a cigarette ingredient. |
| PubMed:Scope for regulation of cigarette smoke toxicity according to brand differences in published toxicant emissions. |
| PubMed:Smoking topography predicts abstinence following treatment with nicotine replacement therapy. |
| PubMed:Adolescent and adult rats' aversion to flavors previously paired with nicotine. |
| PubMed:Extinguishing the rewarding value of smoke cues: pharmacological and behavioral treatments. |
| PubMed:Application, function, and effects of menthol in cigarettes: a survey of tobacco industry documents. |
| PubMed:Efficacy of oral transmucosal nicotine lozenge for suppression of withdrawal symptoms in smoking abstinence. |
| PubMed:Relationship between FTC 'tar' and urine mutagenicity in smokers of tobacco-burning or Eclipse cigarettes. |
| PubMed:Flavor improvement does not increase abuse liability of nicotine chewing gum. |
| PubMed:Subjective and discriminative stimulus effects of two de-nicotinized cigarettes with different tar yields. |
| PubMed:Acute effects of smoking of cigarettes with different tar content on plasma oxidant/antioxidant status. |
| PubMed:Toxicologic evaluation of flavor ingredients added to cigarette tobacco: skin painting bioassay of cigarette smoke condensate in SENCAR mice. |
| PubMed:Indian cigarettes gain popularity, but don't let the flavor fool you. |
| PubMed:Glass fiber contamination of cigarette filters: an additional health risk to the smoker? |
| PubMed:Preferences for tastes paired with a nicotine antagonist in rats chronically treated with nicotine. |
| PubMed:Genetic differences in nicotine-induced conditioned taste aversion. |
| PubMed:Comparison of measured and FTC-predicted nicotine uptake in smokers. |
| PubMed:Nicotine and addiction. The Brown and Williamson documents. |
| PubMed:Rewarding drugs produce taste avoidance, but not taste aversion. |
| PubMed:Nicotine polacrilex dose effects: serum nicotine levels and sensory characteristics. |
| PubMed:Clinical evaluation of a citric acid inhaler for smoking cessation. |
| PubMed:The use of flavor in cigarette substitutes. |
| PubMed:Withdrawal from chronic nicotine fails to produce a conditioned taste aversion to saccharin in rats. |
| PubMed:Development of a citric acid aerosol as a smoking cessation aid. |
| PubMed:Neuromuscular disorder associated with a defect in mitochondrial energy supply. |
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3D/inchi