EU/US Properties Organoleptics Cosmetics Suppliers Safety Safety in use Safety references References Other Blenders Uses Occurrence Synonyms Articles Notes
 

dextro,laevo-lysine
DL-alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid

Supplier Sponsors

Name:2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
CAS Number: 70-54-2Picture of molecule3D/inchi
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg:200-740-6
FDA UNII: AI4RT59273
Nikkaji Web:J1.280G
Beilstein Number:1616991
MDL:MFCD00064432
CoE Number:11947
XlogP3:-3.00 (est)
Molecular Weight:146.18998000
Formula:C6 H14 N2 O2
NMR Predictor:Predict (works with chrome, Edge or firefox)
EFSA/JECFA Comments:
Register name to be changed to DL-lysine (racemate) (EFSA, 2006b)
Category:special dietary and nutritional additives
 
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / FLAVIS / Scholar / Patent Information:
Google Scholar:Search
Google Books:Search
Google Scholar: with word "volatile"Search
Google Scholar: with word "flavor"Search
Google Scholar: with word "odor"Search
Perfumer and Flavorist:Search
Google Patents:Search
US Patents:Search
EU Patents:Search
Pubchem Patents:Search
PubMed:Search
NCBI:Search
DG SANTE Food Flavourings:17.013 DL-lysine
 
Physical Properties:
Appearance:white crystals (est)
Assay: 98.50 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 218.00 to 224.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 311.54 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 288.00 °F. TCC ( 142.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.734 (est)
Soluble in:
 alcohol, slightly
 water
 water, 2.7e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
 
Organoleptic Properties:
Odor Strength:none
Odor Description:odorless
Odor and/or flavor descriptions from others (if found).
 
Cosmetic Information:
None found
 
Suppliers:
Anhui Haibei
DL-lysine monohydrate
BOC Sciences
For experimental / research use only.
H-DL-Lys-OH 98%
Glentham Life Sciences
DL-Lysine
sds
Penta International
DL-LYSINE BASE
Sigma-Aldrich: Sigma
For experimental / research use only.
DL-Lysine ≥98% (TLC)
sds
 
Safety Information:
Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 22 - Do not breath dust.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
 
Hazards identification
 
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
 
Pictogram
 
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined
 
Safety in Use Information:
Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for dextro,laevo-lysine usage levels up to:
 not for fragrance use.
 
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.24 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 23000 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
 
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
 average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): --
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): --
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): --
Processed fruit (04.1): --
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): --
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): --
Bakery wares (07.0): --
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): --
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): --
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): --
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): --
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 70.00000-
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): --
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): --
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): --
 
Safety References:
European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (FGE.79)[1] - Consideration of amino acids and related substances evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to amino acids from chemical group 34 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :866
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
Chemidplus:0000070542
 
References:
 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Pubchem (cid):866
Pubchem (sid):134971978
 
Other Information:
(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C16440
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):Search
Export Tariff Code:2922.41.0090
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
 
Potential Blenders and core components note
None Found
 
Potential Uses:
 antistatic agents
 biological additives
 
Occurrence (nature, food, other):note
 not found in nature
 
Synonyms:
(±)-2,6-diaminocaproic acid
dextro,laevo-alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid
DL-alpha,epsilon-diaminocaproic acid
(±)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
(±)-lysine
DL-lysine
DL-lysine base
DL-lysine monohydrate
 

Articles:

PubMed:Influence of the lysine on the calcium oxalate renal calculi.
PubMed:Preparation of hierarchical mesocrystalline DL-lysine·HCl-poly(acrylic acid) hybrid thin films.
PubMed:Swelling-shrinking behavior of chemically cross-linked polypeptide gels from poly(α-L-lysine), poly(α-DL-lysine), poly(ɛ-L-lysine) and thermally prepared poly(lysine): effects of pH, temperature and additives in the solution.
PubMed:Effects of Danshensu on maternal syndrome in phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine microvesicle induced-mouse model: is it a candidate for preeclampsia remedy?
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a clostripain-like protease from a recombinant Clostridium perfringens culture.
PubMed:[Screening and breeding of high lysine-producing strains by genome shuffling].
PubMed:Reinvestigation on the buildup mechanism of alternate multilayers consisting of poly(L-glutamic acid) and poly(L-, D-, and DL-lysines).
PubMed:[Effect of Huaisanzhen on central analgesic transmitters in the rat of the nerve root pain caused by protrusion of lumbar intervertebra disc].
PubMed:Peptides with regular enantiomeric sequences: a wide class of modular self-assembling architectures.
PubMed:X-ray studies of crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLIV. Invariant features of supramolecular association and chiral effects in the complexes of arginine and lysine with tartaric acid.
PubMed:[Clinical observation on ankle-three-needle for treatment of nerve root pain of prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc].
PubMed:Structures of palmitoyl-L and DL-lysine monolayers at the air-water interface--polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopic study.
PubMed:[Interrelation between thrombin structure and its stability].
PubMed:X-ray studies of crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLIII. Adipic acid complexes of L- and DL-lysine.
PubMed:[Clinical study on analgesic effect of Huaisanzhen on the nerve root pain due to prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc].
PubMed:The controlled evolution of a polymer single crystal.
PubMed:A locking mechanism preventing radical damage in the absence of substrate, as revealed by the x-ray structure of lysine 5,6-aminomutase.
PubMed:X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XLI. Commonalities in aggregation and conformation revealed by the crystal structures of the pimelic acid complexes of L-arginine and DL-lysine.
PubMed:Kinetic and biochemical analysis of the mechanism of action of lysine 5,6-aminomutase.
PubMed:Comparative pharmacokinetics of salicylate in camels, sheep and goats.
PubMed:Novel stachyflin derivatives from Stachybotrys sp. RF-7260. Fermentation, isolation, structure elucidation and biological activities.
PubMed:X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXXVII. Novel aggregation patterns and effect of chirality in the complexes of DL- and L-lysine with glutaric acid.
PubMed:Electron transfer in the substrate-dependent suicide inactivation of lysine 5,6-aminomutase.
PubMed:The pharmacokinetics and effects of intravenously administered carprofen and salicylate on gastrointestinal mucosa and selected biochemical measurements in healthy cats.
PubMed:Direct thin layer chromatography enantioresolution of some basic DL-amino acids using a pharmaceutical industry waste as chiral impregnating reagent.
PubMed:An improved method for the microscale preparation and characterization of hapten-protein conjugates: the use of cholesterol as a model for nonchromophore hydroxylated haptens.
PubMed:[The prevention of thrombus formation and the improvement of the blood rheological properties during operations with a microsurgical technic. I. The possibilities for using acelysin--an acetylsalicylic acid derivative].
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a trypsin-like protease from the culture supernatant of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4.
PubMed:An improved method for the production of antibodies to lipophilic carboxylic hapten using small amount of hapten-carrier conjugate.
PubMed:X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXXII. Effect of chirality on ionisation state, stoichiometry and aggregation in the complexes of oxalic acid with DL- and L-lysine.
PubMed:Role of nitric oxide in desmopressin-induced vasodilation of microperfused rabbit afferent arterioles.
PubMed:Determination of furosine in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
PubMed:Epileptogenic activity induced by combined treatment with antiinflammatory drugs and enoxacin and its inhibition by a calcium antagonist, nicardipine.
PubMed:The pharmacokinetics of salicylate in dairy cattle are not altered by simultaneous intravenous ceftiofur sodium and DL-lysine-acetyl salicylate (aspirin).
PubMed:Biological and antigenic characterization of three BApNA-hydrolyzing proteases from the culture supernatant of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
PubMed:Nitric oxide and prostacyclin modulate the alterations in cardiac action potential duration mediated by platelets during ischaemia.
PubMed:Effects of angiotensin II on isolated rabbit afferent arterioles.
PubMed:[A case of aspirin-induced cough without bronchoconstriction. A new type of aspirin hypersensitivity].
PubMed:Effects of aspirin DL-lysine on thrombin generation in unstable angina pectoris.
PubMed:[A case of asthma relieved by aspirin--the first case in Japan and investigation of its mechanism].
PubMed:Critical degree of renal arterial stenosis that causes hypertension in dogs.
PubMed:Putative mechanism of hypotensive action of platelet-activating factor in dogs.
PubMed:Aspirin injection test to predict angioplasty outcome in unilateral renovascular hypertension: preliminary report.
PubMed:X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. XXIII. Variability in ionization state, conformation and molecular aggregation in the complexes of succinic acid with DL- and L-lysine.
PubMed:Aspirin test for differentiation of unilateral renovascular hypertension from hyperreninemic essential hypertension.
PubMed:Prevention of postanesthetic shivering with intravenous administration of aspirin.
PubMed:[Effects of beta-adrenoceptor-related agents on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and relation with cyclic AMP and prostaglandins].
PubMed:Disposition of single-dose intravenous and oral aspirin in children.
PubMed:Differential effects of endothelin-1 and big endothelin on canine kidneys.
PubMed:Improvement of radioactive colloid binding by tumor cells.
PubMed:Contribution of prostacyclin to D-tubocurarine-induced hypotension in humans.
PubMed:Aspirin lowers blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension.
PubMed:X-ray studies on crystalline complexes involving amino acids and peptides. Part XX. Crystal structures of DL-arginine acetate monohydrate and DL-lysine acetate and a comparison with the corresponding L-amino acid complexes.
PubMed:Enhancement of colloid uptake by tumor cell surface electrical charge modification.
PubMed:[Pharmacological studies of a non-steroidal analgesic and antipyretic drug of LFP83].
PubMed:Hypocalcemic action of the several types of salicylic acid analogues.
PubMed:[A new method of diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma by inhalation test with water-soluble aspirin (aspirin DL-lysine, Venopirin].
PubMed:[Effects of aspirin DL-lysine on bone wound healing and bone growth in rats].
PubMed:Studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of amino acid carbamates.
PubMed:Purification and characterization of a protease from Bacteroides gingivalis 381.
PubMed:In vitro neutralization of heparin in plasma prior to the activated partial thromboplastin time test: an assessment of four heparin antagonists and two anion exchange resins.
PubMed:Trypsin-like enzyme from Streptomyces 771. Purification and properties of native and immobilized enzyme.
PubMed:Anesthetic-protein interaction. Random versus helix polylysine monolayers and interaction with 1-alkanols.
PubMed:Photoreaction of poly(amino acid)s containing thymine moieties as side groups.
PubMed:Alteration of lymphocyte function by quinones through a sulfhydryl-dependent disruption of microtubule assembly.
PubMed:delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase of Pseudomonas putida.
PubMed:The use of a tritium release assay to measure 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine hydroxylase activity: synthesis of 6-N-[3-3H]trimethyl-DL-lysine.
PubMed:Mode of binding and internalization into mouse macrophages of heparin complexed with polycations.
PubMed:Excretion of a protease by Serratia marcescens.
PubMed:Biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. III. Effect of amino acids on glycogen accumulation.
PubMed:Preparation of L- and D-[1-14C]lysine by the resolution of DL-[1-14 C]lysine.
PubMed:[Investigations of the connection between the quality of protein, the protein level and endogenous N-excretion].
PubMed:Differential effect of polycations on uptake and desulphation of heparin.
PubMed:A new arylating agent, 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrochlorobenzene. Reaction with model compounds and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease.
PubMed:[Qualitative and quantitative determinations of staphylokinase-activity (author's transl)].
PubMed:Increased uptake and desulphation of heparin by mouse macrophages in the presence of polycations.
PubMed:Production of L-lysine by immobilized trypsin. Study of DL-lysine methyl ester resolution.
PubMed:Pressure effects on folded proteins in solution. Hydrogen exchange at elevated pressures.
PubMed:Potential inhibitors of collagen biosynthesis. 5,5-Difluoro-DL-lysine and 5,5-dimethyl-DL-lysine and their activation by lysyl-tRNA ligase.
PubMed:Polybase induced lysis of yeast spheroplasts. A new gentle method for preparation of vacuoles.
PubMed:Raman spectra of D and L amino acid copolymers. Poly-DL-alanine, poly-DL-leucine, and poly-DL-lysine.
PubMed:Optical resolution of DL-lysine by preferential crystallization procedure.
PubMed:Enzymatic hydrolysis of poly-DL-lysine.
PubMed:The separation of N- -trifluoroacetyl-DL-lysine from potassium trifluoroactate by liquid chromatography.
PubMed:Synthesis of trans-4,5-didehydro-DL-lysine (2,6-diaminohex-4-enoic acid) and of 4-oxo-L-lysine (2,6-diamino-4-oxohexanoic acid).
PubMed:The reaction of rat mast cells to polylysine.
PubMed:[Synthesis of DL-lysine-6-14C from sodium cyanide-14C and alpha-benzamido-delta-valerolactone].
PubMed:The regulation of pinocytosis in mouse macrophages. II. Factors inducing vesicle formation.
PubMed:Effect of high pressure oxygen on the uptake of DL-lysine-H3 by brain and other tissues of the rat.
PubMed:Amino Acid and vitamin requirements of several bacteroides strains.
PubMed:Metabolism of DL-lysine-2- and -6-14C in rats and dogs.
PubMed:DL-Lysine-H3 uptake in "light" and "dark" neurons of the inferior olivary nucleus of euthyroid and dysthyroidal rats.
PubMed:THE UPTAKE OF DL-LYSINE-H-3 INTO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AS COMPARED WITH OTHER TISSUES IN EUTHYROID AND DYSTHYROIDAL MALE RATS.
PubMed:COMPARATIVE UPTAKE OF DL-LYSINE-H3 BY NORMAL AND REGENERATIVE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE CELLS IN EUTHYROID, HYPOTHYROID AND HYPERTHYROID MALE RATS.
PubMed:SYNTHESIS OF N6,N6-BIS(2-CHLOROETHYL)-DL-LYSINE.
PubMed:STABILIZATION OF PERTUSSIS VACCINE IN THE PRESENCE OF BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE.
PubMed:Studies on acylase activity and microorganisms. XVIII. A strain of soil bacteria capable of resolving lysine by its metabolism on N2-benzoyl or N2-phenacyl derivative of N6-benzoyl-DL-lysine.
PubMed:[DL-LYSINE (monochloride)].
PubMed:On the formation of 5-hydroxypipecolic acid from 5-hydroxy-DL-lysine.
PubMed:Incorporation of DL-lysine-2-C14 into melanin pigment of turkey poult feathers.
PubMed:[Preliminary note on the double supplementation of corn farine by dl-lysine and aureomycin].
PubMed:[Evaluation of protein supplementation of cereals by DL-lysine and significance of the need of indispensable amino acids].
PubMed:[Double limitation of the protide efficacy by deficiency or excess of the same indispensable amino acid demonstrated by the ability of dl-lysine to supplement corn or wheat gluten].
PubMed:Enzymic synthesis of acyllysine anilides. II. Optical resolution of DL-lysine.
PubMed:[New synthesis of DL-lysine].
PubMed:Nitrogen balance of adult rats fed diets low in L- and DL-lysine, or devoid of arginine.
PubMed:Conversion of plasma protein to tissue protein without evidence of protein breakdown; results of giving plasma protein labeled with carbon 14 parenterally to dogs.
PubMed:Hemoglobin labeled by radioactive lysine; erythrocyte life cycle.
PubMed:Amino acids; a new synthesis of dl-lysine.
PubMed:The synthesis of DL-lysine with C14 in the epsilon position.
PubMed:AMINO ACID MIXTURES EFFECTIVE PARENTERALLY FOR LONG CONTINUED PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION. CASEIN DIGESTS COMPARED.
PubMed:The availability of in-acetyl-d-lysine and in-methyl-dl-lysine for growth.
 
Notes:
None found
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